crop wild relatives (cwr) are gaining so much importance in plant breeding as they are the sources for so many valuable alleles that are not available in cultivated germplasm. these alleles can be introgressed to cultivated species for crop improvemnt

1. PREPARED BY,
Bhavyasree R K

2. ORYZA GENUS
• Two cultivated (2 n = 24, AA)
– Oryza sativa
– O. glaberrima
• 22 wild species (2 n = 24, 48) - AA, BB,
CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG, KKLL,
and HHJJ genome types

4. Sanchez et al, 2013

5. Oryza sativa
“Asian rice”

6. Oryza glaberrima
“African rice”
Tolerance to
drought,
acidity,
Fe toxicity,
P deficiency;
Resistance to
 BB,
 blast,
 RYMV,
 African gallmidge,
 nematodes,
 weed competitiveness

8. Oryza nivara
Resistance to:
 grassy stunt virus
 BB

9. Oryza rufipogon
Resistance to
BB,
Blast
BPH
tungro virus
Moderately tolerant to Shb
Tolerance to aluminum and
soil acidity,
 increased elongation under
deep water;
 source of CMS and yield
enhancing loci

10. Oryza barthii
Resistance to
GLH
BB
drought avoidance
tolerance to heat and
drought

11. Oryza longistaminata
Resistance to
BB,
 nematodes
Stemborer
drought avoidance

12. Oryza meridionalis
Elongation ability
drought avoidance
tolerance to heat and drought

13. O. glumaepatula
Oryza minuta
source of CMS
tolerance to heat
Resistance to
BB
Blast
BPH
GLH

14. Oryza alta
Oryza brachyantha
Resistance to striped
stemborer
high biomass production
Resistance to
 BB,
 yellow
stemborer
 leaf folder
whorl maggot
tolerance to
laterite soil

15. Oryza coarctata
Oryza officinalis
Tolerance to salinity
Resistance to
thrips
BPH
GLH
WPH
 BB,
stem rot
tolerance to heat

16. Oryza punctata
Oryza ridleyi
Resistance to
 BPH,
BB
zigzag
leafhopper
tolerance to heat
and drought
Resistance to
Blast
BB
tungro virus
stem borer
whorl maggot

18. Figure 1: Undehusked seeds of African Oryza species. (a) Oryza
longistaminata (b) Oryza glaberrima 1 (c) Oryza glaberrima 2 (d)
Oryza brachyantha (e) Oryza eichingeri (f) Oryza punctata (g) Oryza
barthii.
Wambugu et al. 2013

19. Species 2 n Geno
me
No. of
accessions
Distribution Useful traits
O . sativa complex
O . sativa 24 AA 96,564 Cultigen high yielding
O .
glaberrima
24 A g A g 1,562 West Africa Cultigen;tolerance to drought,acidity,
iron toxicity,P deficiency;resistance
to BB,blast, RYMV, African
gallmidge,nematodes, weed
competitiveness
O . nivara 24 AA 1,260 Tropical and
subtropical
Asia
Resistance to grassy stunt virus, BB
O .
rufipogon
24 AA 858 Tropical and
subtropical
Asia,tropical
Australia
Resistance to BB, blast, BPH,
tungro virus; moderately tolerant to
Shb, tolerance to aluminum and soil
acidity, increased elongation under
deep water; source of CMS and
yield enhancing loci
ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA, AND
THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

20. Species 2 n Genome No. of
accessions
Distribution Useful traits
O .
breviligulata
O . barthii
24 A g A g 218 Africa Resistance to GLH, BB; drought
avoidance; tolerance to heat and
drought
O .
longistaminat
a
24 A l A l 203 Africa Resistance to BB,
nematodes,stemborer, drought
avoidance
O .
meridionalis
24 A m A m 56 Tropical
Australia
Elongation ability; drought
avoidance; tolerance to heat and
drought
O .
glumaepatula
24 A gp A gp 54 South and
Central
America
Elongation ability; source of CMS;
tolerance to heat
ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA,
AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

21. Species 2 n Genome Number of
accessions
Distribution Useful traits
O . officinalis complex
O . punctata 24, 48 BB,
BBCC
71 Africa Resistance to BPH, BB, zigzag leafhopper;
tolerance to heat and drought
O . minuta. 48 BBCC 63 Philippines
and Papua
New Guinea
Resistance to BB, blast, BPH,GLH
O . officinalis 24 CC 265 Tropical and
subtropical
Asia tropical
Australia
Resistance to thrips, BPH, GLH, WPH, BB,
stem rot; tolerance to heat
O . rhizomatis 24 CC 19 Sri Lanka Drought avoidance, resistance to blast;
tolerance to heat
ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA,
AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

22. O .
eichingeri
24 CC 30 South Asia
and East
Africa
Resistance to BPH, WBPH, GLH
O . latifolia 48 CCDD 40 South and
Central
America
Resistance to BPH, BB, high
biomass production
O . alta 48 CCDD 6 South and
Central
America
Resistance to striped stemborer;high
biomass production
O .
grandiglumi
s
48 CCDD 10 South and
Central
America
High biomass production
O .
australiensis
24 EE 36 Tropical
Australia
Resistance to BPH, BB, blast;
drought avoidance; tolerance to heat
and drought
ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA,
AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

23. O . meyeriana complex
O .
granulata
24 GG 24 South and
South Asia
Shade tolerance, adaptation to
aerobic soil
O .
meyeriana
24 GG 11 Southeast
Asia
Shade tolerance; adaptation to
aerobic soil
O . ridleyi complex
O .
longiglumis
Jansen
48 HHJJ 6 Irian Jaya,
Indonesia,
and Papua
New
Guinea
Resistance to blast, BB
O . ridleyi
Hook . F .
48 HHJJ 15 South Asia Resistance to blast, BB, tungro
virus, stem borer, whorl maggot
O .
brachyanth
a
24 FF 19 Africa Resistance to BB, yellow
stemborer, leaf folder, whorl
maggot; tolerance to laterite soil
ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA,
AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS

24. Unclassified
O .
schlechteri
48 KKLL 1 Papua New
Guinea
Stoloniferous
O .
coarctata
48 KKLL 1 Asian
Coastal
Area
Tolerance to salinity,stoloniferous
Leersia
perrieri
24 UNKN
OWN
1 Africa –Shade tolerance, stoloniferous
ORYZA SPECIES, ORYZA -RELATED GENERA,
AND THEIR USEFUL TRAITS