Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: BioVision Alexandria 2010 New Life Sciences: Future Prospects
Date Presented: 04/14/2010
The document summarizes agroecology and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. It discusses how SRI applies agroecological principles to improve rice growth and yields. Key points include: SRI transplants young seedlings with wide spacing to promote root and soil life; this produces larger root systems and healthier phenotypes with higher productivity. Field trials across Asia and Africa show SRI can increase yields by 50-100% while reducing water, seed and fertilizer needs.
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Opportunities to Raise Agricultural Production with Water-Saving and with Climate-Change Resilience for Diverse Crops and CountriesOpportunities to Raise Agricultural Production with Water-Saving and with Climate-Change Resilience for Diverse Crops and Countries
Presented at: The Brown Bag Lunch with Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA
Date: November 6, 2017
Venue: FAS/USDA, Washington D.C.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: Panel on Climate Change and Rice Agriculture 3rd International Rice Congress, Hanoi, Vietnam
Presented on: 9 November 2010
Researchers in India evaluated the impacts of different water management practices during the post-vegetative stage of rice cultivation using conventional methods and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). They found that maintaining shallow flooding or alternate wetting and drying increased grain yield and water productivity more under SRI compared to continuous flooding. SRI produced 58% higher yield and 91% greater water productivity using 16% less irrigation water through enhanced root growth and physiological functions. The study demonstrated that SRI methods can improve resource use efficiency and food security in a sustainable manner.
Agronomy: Precision water management in different rice ecosystemsJagadish.M Gayakwad
This document discusses various methods of water management in rice production. It begins with an introduction to rice cultivation and its high water requirements. It then discusses the importance of precision water management to produce more crop per drop of water. The document provides details on various rice production systems including transplanted rice, direct seeded rice, aerobic rice, and their water requirements and yields under different irrigation schedules. It concludes that precision water management through appropriate irrigation methods and schedules is necessary to address the challenges of decreasing water availability.
Poster presentation at the 4th International Rice Congress
Authors: Nurul Hidayati, Triadiati, and Iswandi Anas
Sukmasakti, and Rahayu Widyastuti
Title: Root morphology and anatomy of rice plants cultivated under SRI
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 28-31, 2014
This document summarizes the benefits of agroecological practices like the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) for sustainable agriculture. SRI involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing to promote root and plant growth through improved soil conditions. Trials in over 50 countries found SRI can double or quadruple yields with less seeds, water, and chemicals. Environmental benefits include reduced water use, higher productivity on existing land, and less reliance on fertilizers and pesticides. SRI also increases resistance to stresses like drought, floods, and pests through healthier root and soil systems.
The document summarizes agroecology and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. It discusses how SRI applies agroecological principles to improve rice growth and yields. Key points include: SRI transplants young seedlings with wide spacing to promote root and soil life; this produces larger root systems and healthier phenotypes with higher productivity. Field trials across Asia and Africa show SRI can increase yields by 50-100% while reducing water, seed and fertilizer needs.
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Opportunities to Raise Agricultural Production with Water-Saving and with Climate-Change Resilience for Diverse Crops and CountriesOpportunities to Raise Agricultural Production with Water-Saving and with Climate-Change Resilience for Diverse Crops and Countries
Presented at: The Brown Bag Lunch with Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA
Date: November 6, 2017
Venue: FAS/USDA, Washington D.C.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: Panel on Climate Change and Rice Agriculture 3rd International Rice Congress, Hanoi, Vietnam
Presented on: 9 November 2010
Researchers in India evaluated the impacts of different water management practices during the post-vegetative stage of rice cultivation using conventional methods and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). They found that maintaining shallow flooding or alternate wetting and drying increased grain yield and water productivity more under SRI compared to continuous flooding. SRI produced 58% higher yield and 91% greater water productivity using 16% less irrigation water through enhanced root growth and physiological functions. The study demonstrated that SRI methods can improve resource use efficiency and food security in a sustainable manner.
Agronomy: Precision water management in different rice ecosystemsJagadish.M Gayakwad
This document discusses various methods of water management in rice production. It begins with an introduction to rice cultivation and its high water requirements. It then discusses the importance of precision water management to produce more crop per drop of water. The document provides details on various rice production systems including transplanted rice, direct seeded rice, aerobic rice, and their water requirements and yields under different irrigation schedules. It concludes that precision water management through appropriate irrigation methods and schedules is necessary to address the challenges of decreasing water availability.
Poster presentation at the 4th International Rice Congress
Authors: Nurul Hidayati, Triadiati, and Iswandi Anas
Sukmasakti, and Rahayu Widyastuti
Title: Root morphology and anatomy of rice plants cultivated under SRI
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 28-31, 2014
This document summarizes the benefits of agroecological practices like the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) for sustainable agriculture. SRI involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing to promote root and plant growth through improved soil conditions. Trials in over 50 countries found SRI can double or quadruple yields with less seeds, water, and chemicals. Environmental benefits include reduced water use, higher productivity on existing land, and less reliance on fertilizers and pesticides. SRI also increases resistance to stresses like drought, floods, and pests through healthier root and soil systems.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agricultural method that indicates a path toward post-modern agriculture. SRI was developed in Madagascar in the 1980s and aims to produce more rice with less water and other inputs through changes in plant, soil, and water management rather than external inputs. The document summarizes evidence that SRI leads to higher yields, less water use, lower costs, and greater resilience compared to conventional rice production methods. SRI practices have now spread to over 38 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Aerobic rice is a production system where rice varieties are grown in well-drained, non-puddled soils without standing water throughout the season. This aims to use 70-80% less water than flooded rice while still achieving yields of 4-6 tons per hectare. Aerobic rice was developed by IRRI to address water scarcity issues while increasing food production. It uses nutrient-responsive varieties adapted to aerobic conditions and supplemental irrigation. Compared to traditional flooded rice, aerobic rice uses 55-56% less water and has 1.6-1.9 times higher water productivity, making it suitable for areas with insufficient water for flooded rice.
Poster presentation at the 4th International Rice Congress
Authors: Nurul Hidayati, Triadiati, and Iswandi Anas
Title: Physiological and morphological changes in rice plants under SRI
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 28-31, 2014
Consultation on Peace, Freedom from Hunger, and Sustainable Development: The Ethical Dimensions M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, MSRRF,Chennai, India
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is entitled System of Rice Intensification with Intercropping by Tavseef Mairaj Shah, a scientist with the Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Hamburg University of Technology.
Authors: Amod K. Thakur and Norman Uphoff
Title: 1707 - Climate Smart agriculture: How modified crop/water management with SRI can contribute to climate-resilience and higher water productivity
Date: October 23-25, 2017
Presented at: 2017 Annual Meetings of ASA-CSSA-SSSA on ‘Managing Global Resources for a Secure Future
Venue: Tampa, Florida, USA
Title: Development of integrated rice-azolla-duck-fish farming systems with SRI methods for rice production in the Mekong River region, Vietnam
Presenter: Nghia Nguyen Soil Biology Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture & Applied Biology, Cantho University, Cantho City, Vietnam
Venue: Cornell University
Date: July 1, 2015
Title: Conservation Agriculture and the System of Rice Intensification
Presented by: Erika Styger
Presented at: Special Exhibit/Event on Rice Production at Agritechnica
Venue and Date: Hannover, Germany November 15, 2013
Presenter: Ram Bahadur Khadka
Title: New Directions for the System of Rice Intensification in Nepal: Mechanization and Biofertilizers
Date: December 9, 2016
Venue: Mann 102, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
This document discusses the benefits of intercropping sorghum and cowpea. It begins by defining intercropping as growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land with a row pattern to increase cropping intensity. The principles of intercropping are described, such as choosing crops with complementary growth habits. An economic analysis shows that intercropping sorghum and cowpea resulted in higher income (Rs. 82,160) compared to sole cropping of sorghum (Rs. 36,585). The conclusion is that intercropping can boost farmer incomes.
Author/Presenter: Karla Cordero Lara
Title: Towards a More Sustainable Rice Crop: System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Experience in Chilean Temperate Japonica Rice
Date: November 29-30, 2018
Presented at: The Third International Symposium on Rice Science in Global Health
Venue: Kyoto, Japan
Dr. Abha Mishra. Senior Research Specialist-cum-Affiliated Faculty
Agricultural Systems and Engineering
School of Environment Resources and Development. Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Presenter: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Strategies for Raising Crop Productivity with Reduced Inputs, with Less Water Requirement, and with Buffering of Climate-Change Stresses
Date: April 10, 2014
Venue: Agricultural Research Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
The document discusses the principles and practices of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) compared to conventional rice cultivation. Some key points of SRI include: using younger seedlings planted further apart with fewer plants per hill, reducing the amount of water in the fields, incorporating more organic matter into the soil through compost and mulching rather than fertilizers, and mechanized or hand weeding rather than flooding the fields with water. The document suggests SRI results in higher yields than conventional methods and improves soil health, resource efficiency, and resistance to pests and disease.
The document discusses the history and impacts of the Green Revolution. It began in the 1940s-1970s with Norman Borlaug's development of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice that responded well to fertilizers and irrigation. This dramatically increased food production worldwide. The impacts included increased farming outputs, changes to farming practices, socioeconomic changes, and criticisms around overpopulation, lack of benefits in Africa, and environmental issues from fertilizers. The document outlines the technologies and methods used in the Green Revolution like irrigation, mechanization, and seeds with superior genetics.
" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to increase water and ...ExternalEvents
" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to
increase water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice" presentation by Sibin Yu, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an agroecological approach that can increase rice yields by 30-50% or more while reducing water, seed, and chemical input use by 30-50%, 80-95%, and 30-100% respectively. SRI has spread to over 50 countries and more than 4 million farmers since 1997 using four principles: early plant establishment, reduced plant competition, use of organic matter, and reduced water use. The SRI International Network and Resources Center at Cornell University and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations promote SRI.
The 4th National Conference on Organic Farming was organized by ASSOCHAM in New Delhi on October 7, 2014. The conference brought together exporters, certification agencies, and experts in the organic farming sector. Key topics discussed included challenges facing the organic industry, policy interventions to increase organic exports, and linking organic producers to markets. Government officials discussed the need to improve certification systems and ensure a policy environment that enables organic exports. Speakers emphasized expanding organic crop and livestock production to increase India's small share of the global organic food market. Challenges mentioned included a lack of organic seeds and value addition, as well as insufficient market linkage and farmer awareness.
Kheti-Badi (An App about Organic Farming and Produce) was covered by local ne...Ashish Lone
The document discusses a meeting held on June 24, 2015 about printing an article from an online newspaper. The article is from the Pudhari newspaper and has an identification number of 552912. It was printed from a specific box with an ID of 234317656.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agricultural method that indicates a path toward post-modern agriculture. SRI was developed in Madagascar in the 1980s and aims to produce more rice with less water and other inputs through changes in plant, soil, and water management rather than external inputs. The document summarizes evidence that SRI leads to higher yields, less water use, lower costs, and greater resilience compared to conventional rice production methods. SRI practices have now spread to over 38 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Aerobic rice is a production system where rice varieties are grown in well-drained, non-puddled soils without standing water throughout the season. This aims to use 70-80% less water than flooded rice while still achieving yields of 4-6 tons per hectare. Aerobic rice was developed by IRRI to address water scarcity issues while increasing food production. It uses nutrient-responsive varieties adapted to aerobic conditions and supplemental irrigation. Compared to traditional flooded rice, aerobic rice uses 55-56% less water and has 1.6-1.9 times higher water productivity, making it suitable for areas with insufficient water for flooded rice.
Poster presentation at the 4th International Rice Congress
Authors: Nurul Hidayati, Triadiati, and Iswandi Anas
Title: Physiological and morphological changes in rice plants under SRI
Venue: Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand
Date: October 28-31, 2014
Consultation on Peace, Freedom from Hunger, and Sustainable Development: The Ethical Dimensions M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, MSRRF,Chennai, India
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is entitled System of Rice Intensification with Intercropping by Tavseef Mairaj Shah, a scientist with the Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Hamburg University of Technology.
Authors: Amod K. Thakur and Norman Uphoff
Title: 1707 - Climate Smart agriculture: How modified crop/water management with SRI can contribute to climate-resilience and higher water productivity
Date: October 23-25, 2017
Presented at: 2017 Annual Meetings of ASA-CSSA-SSSA on ‘Managing Global Resources for a Secure Future
Venue: Tampa, Florida, USA
Title: Development of integrated rice-azolla-duck-fish farming systems with SRI methods for rice production in the Mekong River region, Vietnam
Presenter: Nghia Nguyen Soil Biology Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture & Applied Biology, Cantho University, Cantho City, Vietnam
Venue: Cornell University
Date: July 1, 2015
Title: Conservation Agriculture and the System of Rice Intensification
Presented by: Erika Styger
Presented at: Special Exhibit/Event on Rice Production at Agritechnica
Venue and Date: Hannover, Germany November 15, 2013
Presenter: Ram Bahadur Khadka
Title: New Directions for the System of Rice Intensification in Nepal: Mechanization and Biofertilizers
Date: December 9, 2016
Venue: Mann 102, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
This document discusses the benefits of intercropping sorghum and cowpea. It begins by defining intercropping as growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land with a row pattern to increase cropping intensity. The principles of intercropping are described, such as choosing crops with complementary growth habits. An economic analysis shows that intercropping sorghum and cowpea resulted in higher income (Rs. 82,160) compared to sole cropping of sorghum (Rs. 36,585). The conclusion is that intercropping can boost farmer incomes.
Author/Presenter: Karla Cordero Lara
Title: Towards a More Sustainable Rice Crop: System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Experience in Chilean Temperate Japonica Rice
Date: November 29-30, 2018
Presented at: The Third International Symposium on Rice Science in Global Health
Venue: Kyoto, Japan
Dr. Abha Mishra. Senior Research Specialist-cum-Affiliated Faculty
Agricultural Systems and Engineering
School of Environment Resources and Development. Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Presenter: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Strategies for Raising Crop Productivity with Reduced Inputs, with Less Water Requirement, and with Buffering of Climate-Change Stresses
Date: April 10, 2014
Venue: Agricultural Research Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
The document discusses the principles and practices of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) compared to conventional rice cultivation. Some key points of SRI include: using younger seedlings planted further apart with fewer plants per hill, reducing the amount of water in the fields, incorporating more organic matter into the soil through compost and mulching rather than fertilizers, and mechanized or hand weeding rather than flooding the fields with water. The document suggests SRI results in higher yields than conventional methods and improves soil health, resource efficiency, and resistance to pests and disease.
The document discusses the history and impacts of the Green Revolution. It began in the 1940s-1970s with Norman Borlaug's development of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice that responded well to fertilizers and irrigation. This dramatically increased food production worldwide. The impacts included increased farming outputs, changes to farming practices, socioeconomic changes, and criticisms around overpopulation, lack of benefits in Africa, and environmental issues from fertilizers. The document outlines the technologies and methods used in the Green Revolution like irrigation, mechanization, and seeds with superior genetics.
" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to increase water and ...ExternalEvents
" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to
increase water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice" presentation by Sibin Yu, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an agroecological approach that can increase rice yields by 30-50% or more while reducing water, seed, and chemical input use by 30-50%, 80-95%, and 30-100% respectively. SRI has spread to over 50 countries and more than 4 million farmers since 1997 using four principles: early plant establishment, reduced plant competition, use of organic matter, and reduced water use. The SRI International Network and Resources Center at Cornell University and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations promote SRI.
The 4th National Conference on Organic Farming was organized by ASSOCHAM in New Delhi on October 7, 2014. The conference brought together exporters, certification agencies, and experts in the organic farming sector. Key topics discussed included challenges facing the organic industry, policy interventions to increase organic exports, and linking organic producers to markets. Government officials discussed the need to improve certification systems and ensure a policy environment that enables organic exports. Speakers emphasized expanding organic crop and livestock production to increase India's small share of the global organic food market. Challenges mentioned included a lack of organic seeds and value addition, as well as insufficient market linkage and farmer awareness.
Kheti-Badi (An App about Organic Farming and Produce) was covered by local ne...Ashish Lone
The document discusses a meeting held on June 24, 2015 about printing an article from an online newspaper. The article is from the Pudhari newspaper and has an identification number of 552912. It was printed from a specific box with an ID of 234317656.
This document provides an overview of organic farming in India and Odisha. It discusses how organic farming was promoted in Kalahandi district through the efforts of Agragamee, focusing on settled agriculture, building indigenous knowledge, and preserving local seeds. Organic farming aims to create a balanced relationship between the earth and humans by avoiding synthetic inputs and understanding nature's processes. Vermicomposting and cooperatives help further organic farming goals in Tentulipada village. Overall, organic farming areas and markets are growing globally, with India emerging as a top producer and exporter through programs like NPOP that regulate the industry.
This document summarizes a study on animal husbandry practices of smallholder organic farmers in Uganda. It finds that farmers keep indigenous livestock breeds and rely on natural pastures for feeding, with challenges around inadequate feed and diseases. Housing and disease management systems are limited. Future development requires investment in infrastructure, research on improved breeds, feeds and treatments, and training to address these challenges in an organic way. Diversified organic systems provide opportunities for nutrient recycling but also competition for resources, calling for innovative strategies.
This document discusses organic farming of vegetables in India. It notes that while the Green Revolution boosted production through chemical fertilizers and irrigation, this led to environmental problems and soil degradation over time. Organic farming is presented as a more sustainable alternative that maintains soil health and nutrient levels without chemicals. The key concepts of organic farming are outlined, such as building soil fertility, controlling pests through ecological methods, and recycling nutrients. India has potential for organic farming given its limited chemical use in many rain-fed areas. Technologies discussed to support organic farming include developing resistant crop varieties, using biofertilizers and compost, and integrating organic and chemical inputs.
The document discusses innovations needed for a sustainable agricultural future given challenges like food insecurity, rising food prices, and climate change. It outlines both successes and problems of current agriculture systems. Precision farming is highlighted as an innovation using GPS, sensors and software to optimize crop yields while minimizing inputs. The use of mycorrhiza fungus is also discussed as helping plants absorb nutrients and re-energizing soil. The document concludes innovation must continue to address agricultural problems without creating new issues.
Organic farming is not a new concept in India, as Indian farmers traditionally practiced only organic methods before the Green Revolution introduced chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the 1960s. While the Green Revolution initially increased food production and self-sufficiency, overuse of chemicals has led to declining soil fertility, environmental pollution, and other issues. Organic farming aims to maintain soil health through natural techniques like using organic manures and biofertilizers without synthetic inputs. It provides higher quality, nutritious food while preserving the environment for future generations.
Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. It promotes biodiversity and healthy soil through the use of organic waste recycling and composting. The key principles of organic farming are to produce high quality food while protecting the environment and ensuring fair social and economic outcomes. Some advantages include improved soil quality, reduced pollution, higher profits for organic foods, and overall more sustainable agricultural practices.
1.INTRODUCTION
2.COMPONENTS
3.NEED OF
ORGANIC FARMING
4.CONCEPT OF
ORGANIC FARMING
5.ADVANTAGES OF
ORGANIC FARMING
6.CONVENTIONAL
VS
ORGANIC FARMING
7.PROBLEMS WITH
CONVENTIONAL FARMING
8.TECHNIQUES IN
ORGANIC FARMING
9.Composting
......................and much more
Organic farming involves techniques that achieve good crop yields without harming the environment or people. It uses biological materials and avoids synthetic substances to maintain ecological balance and minimize pollution. Some organic farming techniques include crop rotation, green manure, organic waste management, and biological pest control. The benefits of organic farming are maintaining long-term soil fertility, reducing input costs, effectively using natural resources, avoiding pollution from agriculture, and providing quality food. India has a suitable climate for organic farming and there are growing opportunities in the sector as demand for organic products and acreage of organic farmland have increased in recent years.
Organic Farming for the Developing Worldmattsteven
The document discusses the growth and potential of organic farming globally. It notes that organic farming methods have led to increased yields in some developing countries, especially in Africa. While organic farming is more widely practiced in developed nations currently, the document outlines plans by countries like India to expand organic agriculture through initiatives like model organic farms. It also references studies finding that organic methods could sustain the global population without increasing agricultural land, though widespread adoption would require addressing issues of supply and equity.
This document discusses the health benefits of organic foods compared to conventional foods. It notes that organic cows have more space and access to fresh air, while conventional cows are crowded and receive little fresh air. It also mentions that many pesticides used in conventional farming are carcinogenic and have been linked to health issues like headaches, anxiety and cancer. While organic foods cost more initially, the document argues that the health benefits of avoiding pesticides and unnatural additives will save money on doctor visits and medications in the long run. It provides some statistics on obesity in America and suggests that eating organic foods may help address this issue by promoting smaller portions and a healthier body weight.
This document discusses organic farming methods and their advantages over conventional farming. Organic farming prohibits synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, genetic engineering, sewage sludge, and food irradiation. It relies on crop diversity, pest control, livestock, and plant nutrition to farm sustainably. Organic farming can reduce production costs by 25% while eliminating chemicals and increasing yields within 5 years. It produces food free from harmful additives and may reduce health risks like heart disease and cancer. Organic farming also benefits the environment by building soil, reducing water pollution, decreasing energy use and greenhouse gases, and sequestering carbon in the soil.
This document discusses organic farming and livestock husbandry in the Himalayan region of India. It provides definitions and histories of organic farming, describing its practices of using natural fertilizers and avoiding synthetic chemicals. Benefits highlighted include healthier soil, environment, and food. Conventional farming methods are contrasted as relying on chemicals that can pollute and contaminate. Organic livestock farming provides animals access to pastures and natural feeding, without hormones or crowded conditions. The document focuses on organic practices being well-suited for the small land holdings and fragile ecosystems of the Himalayan region.
The document discusses the development and characteristics of modern agriculture in the 20th century and questions whether it should be continued or expanded. It argues that while modern agriculture greatly increased food production, it has stressed natural resources and the environment. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is presented as an agroecological alternative that uses different management practices to improve yields while reducing inputs, costs, and environmental impacts compared to modern practices. SRI demonstrates that alternatives exist that are more sustainable and productive than continuing along the current technological path of modern agriculture.
Norman Uphoff presented on improving food production in a water-constrained world through agroecological practices like the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). SRI has led to higher rice yields with less water, fewer inputs, and more resilience to stresses. It has now spread to over 50 countries and is being adapted for other crops. SRI achieves more productive plant phenotypes through improved soil conditions and plant establishment techniques. Trials in several countries found SRI uses 22-35% less water but yields are typically 11-25% higher. SRI also reduces costs, increases profits, and has environmental benefits like less greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater pollution. Uphoff argues SRI shows farmers can meet
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methodology for rice production. SRI aims to meet the needs of rice sector in the 21st century through higher yields, lower water use, lower costs, and greater resilience. It achieves this through growing younger seedlings spaced further apart with intermittent flooding. SRI has been shown to increase yields by 50-100% with 25-50% less water in many countries. It enhances soil quality and rice plant growth through improved soil aeration and organic matter.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: International Conference on Sustainable Development in the Context of Climate Change- Asian Institute of Technology
Presented on: September 24, 2009
20th century agriculture relied heavily on chemical inputs which are now showing diminishing returns and negative environmental impacts. 21st century agriculture needs a new "post-modern" paradigm that is more productive of land, labor, water and capital while being environmentally benign and socially beneficial. Examples like the System of Rice Intensification demonstrate producing more with less by understanding soil biology and plant-microbe interactions.
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a set of agricultural principles and practices that can increase rice yields and productivity. SRI involves growing rice with wider spacing, younger seedlings, and less water, which promotes root and soil microbial growth. Field trials show SRI can increase yields by 50-100% with reduced inputs. While controversial, SRI results have been replicated in many countries. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms producing these gains.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: 12th European Rice Millers Convention. Venice
Presented on: September 18, 2009
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a method for growing rice that modifies standard practices to improve yields. SRI involves changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients to support larger, more extensive root systems and promote soil biota. This agroecological management improves the growing environment and yields better rice phenotypes from any genotype using less water, seeds, and other inputs. SRI has led to increased yields of 50-100% or more in many countries along with other benefits like water savings, increased resistance to stresses, and reduced costs, methane emissions, and environmental impacts.
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Management of Soil Systems for Food, Water, Climate Resilience, and Biodiversity
Date: December 6, 2019
Presented at: The Knowledge Dialogue on the Occasion of World Soil Day
Venue: United Nations, New York
The document discusses strategies for sustainable agriculture in the 21st century given various challenges. It notes that population growth will increase food demand while arable land and water availability decrease. The conventional "Green Revolution" strategy of industrial agriculture is not well-suited for these conditions. An alternative is an agroecological approach that focuses on soil and plant management to optimize growth without heavy external inputs. Evidence shows this approach can significantly increase yields in various countries through improved water and nutrient use by plants.
This document discusses agroecology and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). It provides:
1) A definition of agroecology as a discipline based on managing plants, soil, water, and nutrients to capitalize on genetic potentials through ecological interactions and dynamics, rather than external inputs.
2) Five agroecological principles including supporting nutrient recycling, providing favorable soil conditions, minimizing losses, diversifying species and genetics, and enhancing biological interactions.
3) An overview of SRI as a set of concepts changing management to produce larger root systems and enrich soil life for more productive phenotypes from any genotype, using less water, with higher yields.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: BioVision Alexandria 2010 New Life Sciences: Future Prospects
Date Presented: 04/15/2010
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), which focuses on managing plants, soil, water and nutrients to induce greater root growth and nurture soil microbial communities. Key points include: SRI practices can lead to higher yields, reduced costs, and environmental benefits compared to conventional rice production. SRI performance may be due to enhanced soil microbial activity and biological nitrogen fixation, which are important for plant nutrition. Further research is needed to fully understand the impacts of SRI management on root and soil microbial dynamics.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agricultural method developed in Madagascar that can double rice yields while reducing water usage, costs, and environmental impacts. SRI involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, keeping soil well-aerated through alternate wetting and drying, and frequent weeding. Trials in multiple countries show SRI can increase yields from 2-4 tons/hectare to 5-10 tons/hectare or more through synergistic effects on root and tiller growth. The document discusses scientific explanations for SRI's performance and responses to objections about its adoption and labor requirements.
System of rice intensification status, issues and future research strategiesAshutosh Pal
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a methodology for increasing rice yields through changes in management practices such as transplanting younger seedlings in a wide spacing, reducing plant populations, incorporating organic materials, and modifying water management through intermittent irrigation. Studies at the Central Rice Research Institute in Cuttack, India found SRI methods increased yields by 21-24% compared to local recommended practices, through improvements in number of tillers, panicle length, and spikelet fertility. SRI also used fewer seeds, less water, and less chemical inputs but produced higher yields through improved root growth and plant vigor. Further research focused on optimizing variables like seedling age, crop density, and water regimes to maximize the benefits
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agricultural method developed in Madagascar that can potentially double rice yields while reducing water usage, costs, and environmental impacts. SRI involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, keeping soil well-aerated through alternate wetting and drying, and weeding frequently using a rotating hoe. Preliminary results from several countries show higher yields with SRI compared to conventional methods, though more evaluation is still needed. The document argues SRI merits further investigation as it could boost food security and productivity.
Crop Diversification for Sustainable Agricultural Production (1).pptxBikram singha Mahapatra
Crop Diversification for Sustainable Agricultural Production . Agriculture .
Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry
M.S Swaminathan School of Agriculture .
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) developed in Madagascar, which has led to increased rice yields without external inputs through improved soil and plant management. Key points include: SRI has been validated in over 35 countries, increasing yields by 50-100% on average through practices like transplanting young seedlings in wide spacing and intermittent wetting and drying of soils to encourage root and microbial growth. Studies show SRI methods can work in African countries like The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Benin, Rwanda, and Zambia, increasing yields from 1-2 tons/hectare to over 5 tons/hectare.
Similar to 1032 The 21st Century Challenge: A Green Way to Global Food Security. New Life Sciences: Future Prospects (20)
Authors: Febri Doni and Rizky Riscahya Pratama Syamsuri
Title: System of Rice Intensification in Indonesia: Research adoption and Opportunities
Presented at: The International Conference on System of Crop Intensification (SCI) for Climate-Smart Livelihood and Nutritional Security
Date: December 12-14, 2022
Venue: ICAR, Hyderabad, India
Author: Bancy Mati
Title: Improving Rice Production and Saving Water in Africa
Presented at: The International Conference on System of Crop Intensification for Climate-Smart Livelihood and Nutritional Security (ICSCI22)
Date: December 12-14 2022
Venue: ICAR, Hyderabad, India
Author: Lucy Fisher
Title: Overview of the System of Rice Intensification SRI Around the World
Presented at: The International Conference on The System of Crop Intensification (ICSCI22)
Date: December 12, 2022
This document summarizes research on using System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods in Iraq to increase water savings and rice yields. The research found that using SRI with 3-day or 7-day intervals between irrigation used 50% and 72% less water than continuous submergence, and increased yields by 20% and 11% respectively. SRI with 3-day intervals also had the highest water productivity and net economic return, making it a promising strategy for Iraq's water-deficit conditions. The document recommends wider adoption of SRI through incentives, mechanization support, and collaboration with water user associations.
(Partial slideset related to the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Presentation at COP26, Glasgow, Scotland
Date: November 2021
Presentation by: Ministereo Desarrollo Agropecuario, Panama
This is a presentation about the SRI activities of the LINKS program, Catalysing Economic Growth for Northern Nigeria, which is implemented by Tetra Tech International Development
Author: Tetra Tech International Development
Title: Reduced Methane Emissions Rice Production Project in Northern Nigerian with System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Date: October 25, 2021
Author: Reinaldo Cardona
Instituto de Investigaciones Agrícolas del estado Portuguesa: UNEFA-Núcleo Portuguesa Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
Date: 2017
Title: Sistema Intensivo del Cultivo del Arroz para la Producción y Sustentabilidad del Rubro
Willem A. Stoop presents on ecological intensification lessons learned from the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). He discusses two approaches to intensification - conventional using modern varieties, dense planting, irrigation, and chemicals, and ecological using local varieties, low seeding rates, and organic inputs. SRI is presented as an example of an agro-ecological approach using practices like young seedlings, wide spacing, and alternate wetting and drying of soils. SRI results in increased growth, yields, and resilience through enhanced root and soil biology. However, SRI challenges conventional agricultural sciences' focus on increasing planting densities and fertilizer use over soil health and plant spacing.
Speaker: Norman Uphoff
Title: Agroecological Opportunities with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and the System of Crop Intensification (SCI)
Date: June 25, 2021
Venue: online, presented in the International Webinar Series on Agroecology and Community Series
Speaker: Khidhir Abbas Hameed,
Al Mishkhab Rice Research Station
Title: System of Rice Intensification SRI
Date: December 9, 2020
Organizer: Central and West Asian Rice Center (CWA Rice)
Venue: online
Title: Proyecto IICA - MIDA/ Sistema Intensivo de Arroz (SRI) Evaluación del primer ensayo de validación realizado en coclé para enfrentar al Cambio Climático (alternativa) Localizada en el Sistema de Riego El Caño. Diciembre /2018 - Abril/ 2019 - Octubre/ 2019
Title: Smallholder Rice Production Practice and Equipment: What about the Women?
Presenter: Lucy Fisher
Venue: 2nd Global Sustainable Rice Conference and Exhibition
United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok Thailand
Date: October 2, 2019
1. African farmers today are more educated, connected, market-oriented, and aware of issues like climate change than previous generations. They are also more open to new ideas and collective action approaches.
2. Efforts to improve agriculture must consider rural-to-urban migration trends in Africa. While migration is driven by rural challenges, the younger generation remaining in rural areas is more educated and eager for progressive agriculture.
3. Things that should be avoided include mechanization tied to large-scale capital-intensive operations, land grabs, and agricultural models that turn farmers into laborers with no opportunity for management roles. Monoculture and large-scale foreign-owned farming should also be avoided.
Authors: Christopher B. Barrett, Asad Islam, Abdul Malek, Deb Pakrashi, Ummul Ruthbah
Title: The Effects of Exposure Intensity on Technology Adoption and Gains: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh on the System of Rice Intensification
Date: July 21, 2019
Presented at: USDA Multi-state Research Project NC-1034 annual research conference on
The Economics of Agricultural Technology & Innovation
Location: Atlanta, GA
Author: Bancy Mati
Title: Improving Productivity of Rice under Water Scarcity in Africa: The Case for the System of Rice Intensification
Date: June 26-29, 2019
Presented at: The International Rice Development Conference and Seminar on China-Africa Development
Location: Changsha, China
Author: Miguel Aguero
Title: SRI en Venezuela - Resena Historica de la Parcela 234
Venue: Online (webinar): Sistema Intensivo de Cultivo de Arroz (SRI) - Experiencia Venezuela
Date: February 15, 2019
Organized by: Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA)
More from SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University (20)
1905 - SRI en Venezuela - Resena Historica de la Parcela 234
1032 The 21st Century Challenge: A Green Way to Global Food Security. New Life Sciences: Future Prospects
1. BioVision Alexandria 2010 New Life Sciences: Future Prospects The 21 st Century Challenge: A Green Way to Global Food Security Resource-Conserving Increases in Agricultural Production Norman Uphoff, Cornell University, USA April 14, 2010
14. New farming method boosts food output for India's rural poor In Ghantadih village in Gaya district, more than half of the 42 farming households have switched to SWI from traditional practices. Manna Devi, mother of three, was the first woman to use the technique in Bihar state. She says she decided to take a gamble despite jibes from neighbouring farmers who mocked her cultivation methods. "We were living a hand-to-mouth existence before and we just couldn't manage to eat, let alone put our children through school," she says. "We were only producing about 30 kg of wheat which lasted us four months and we had to take loans, and my husband had also taken a second job as a rickshaw puller in order to make ends meet." Devi says she now produces about 80 kg of wheat - enough to feed her family for a year – and hopes to start selling extra crop. Alert Net: Thomson-Reuters Foundation, March 30, 2010
15.
16. VIETNAM: D ông Trù village, Hanoi province, after typhoon Conventional field and plant on right; SRI field and plant on left
17.
18. Average super-rice yields (kg/ha) with new rice management (SRI) vs.standard rice management at different plant densities ha -1 Plant population per hectare
19. How are these effects possible? We are learning more about the contributions of soil microbial populations and plant-microbial interactions to explain the impact of SRI methods Scientific bases are becoming clearer; however, much more work remains to be done
20. Effects of Active Soil Aeration with Mechanical Weeder Mechanical Weedings (N) Yield (t ha -1 ) MADAGASCAR: 1997-98 main season -- Ambatovaky (N = 76) None 2 5.97 One 8 7.72 Two 27 7.37 Three 24 9.12 Four 15 11.77 NEPAL: 2006 monsoon season – Morang district (N = 412) One 32 5.16 (3.6 – 7.6) Two 366 5.87 (3.5 – 11.0) Three 14 7.87 (5.85 – 10.4)
21. Total bacteria Total diazotrophs Microbial populations in rhizosphere soil in rice crop under different management at active tillering, panicle initiation and flowering (SRI = yellow; conventional = red) – IPB research [units are √ transformed values of population/gram of dry soil] Phosphobacteria Azotobacter
22. Dehydrogenase activity (μg TPF) Urease activity (μg NH 4 -N)) Microbial activities in rhizosphere soil in rice crop with different management (SRI = yellow; conventional = red) at active tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stages [units are √ transformed values of population/gram of dry soil per 24 h] Acid phosphate activity (μg p-Nitrophenol) Nitrogenase activity (nano mol C 2 H 4 )
23. We see also contributions of symbiotic endophytic microbes - both bacteria and fungi - to rice plant productivity not o nly in the rhizosphere But also in the leaves (phyllosphere) and seeds
24. Ascending Migration of Endophytic Rhizobia, from Roots and Leaves, inside Rice Plants and Assessment of Benefits to Rice Growth Physiology Feng Chi et al., Applied and Envir. Microbiology 71 (2005), 7271-7278 Rhizo-bium test strain Total plant root volume/ pot (cm 3 ) Shoot dry weight/ pot (g) Net photo-synthetic rate (μmol -2 s -1 ) Water utilization efficiency Area (cm 2 ) of flag leaf Grain yield/ pot (g) Ac-ORS571 210 ± 36 A 63 ± 2 A 16.42 ± 1.39 A 3.62 ± 0.17 BC 17.64 ± 4.94 ABC 86 ± 5 A SM-1021 180 ± 26 A 67 ± 5 A 14.99 ± 1.64 B 4.02 ± 0.19 AB 20.03 ± 3.92 A 86 ± 4 A SM-1002 168 ± 8 AB 52 ± 4 BC 13.70 ± 0.73 B 4.15 ± 0.32 A 19.58 ± 4.47 AB 61 ± 4 B R1-2370 175 ± 23 A 61 ± 8 AB 13.85 ± 0.38 B 3.36 ± 0.41 C 18.98 ± 4.49 AB 64 ± 9 B Mh-93 193 ± 16 A 67 ± 4 A 13.86 ± 0.76 B 3.18 ± 0.25 CD 16.79 ± 3.43 BC 77 ± 5 A Control 130 ± 10 B 47 ± 6 C 10.23 ± 1.03 C 2.77 ± 0.69 D 15.24 ± 4.0 C 51 ± 4 C
25. Data are based on the average linear root and shoot growth of three symbiotic (dashed line) and three nonsymbiotic (solid line) plants. Arrows indicate the times when root hair development started. Ratio of root and shoot growth in symbiotic and nonsymbiotic rice plants -- symbiotic plant rice seeds were inoculated with Fusarium culmorum Russell J. Rodriguez et al., ‘Symbiotic regulation of plant growth, development and reproduction,’ Communicative and Integrative Biology , 2:3 (2009).
26. Growth of nonsymbiotic (on left) and symbiotic (on right) rice seedlings. On growth of endophyte (F. culmorum) and plant inoculation procedures, see Rodriguez et al., Communicative and Integrative Biology , 2:3 (2009).
27. More productive phenotypes also can give higher water-use efficiency as reflected in the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration For each 1 millimol of water lost by transpiration: 3.6 millimols of CO 2 are fixed in SRI plants, 1.6 millimols of CO 2 are fixed in RMP plants Climate change makes this increasingly important ‘ An assessment of physiological effects of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) compared with recommended rice cultivation practices in India,’ A.K. Thakur, N. Uphoff and E. Antony Experimental Agriculture , 46(1), 77-98 (2010)
28. Comparison of chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and internal CO 2 concentration in SRI and RMP Standard deviations are given in parentheses [N = 15] Parameters Cultivation method SRI RMP SRI % LSD .05 Total chlorophyll (mg g -1 FW) 3.37 (0.17) 2.58 (0.21) +30 0.11 Ratio of Chlorophyll a/b 2.32 (0.28) 1.90 (0.37) +22 0.29 Transpiration (m mol m -2 s -1 ) 6.41 (0.43) 7.59 (0.33) -16 0.27 Net photosynthetic rate (μ mol m -2 s -1 ) 23.15 (3.17) 12.23 (2.02) +89 1.64 Stomatal conductance (m mol m -2 s -1 ) 422.73 (34.35) 493.93 (35.93) -15 30.12 Internal CO 2 concentration (ppm) 292.6 (16.64) 347.0 (19.74) -16 11.1
29. This experience and these results do not argue against making further genetic improvements or against the use of external inputs They suggest that within the context of 21 st century agriculture , more attention be given to management – and especially to roots and soil biota - Green way to global food security?
30. HIGH-TILLERING TRAIT IN TEFF WHEN TRANSPLANTED WITH WIDER SPACING Dr. Tareke Berhe, SAA, ‘Recent Developments in Teff, Ethiopia’s Most Important Cereal and Gift to the World,’ Cornell seminar, 7/23/09 – Berhe was CIMMYT post-doctoral fellow with Norman Borlaug in 1970
31. FIRST TRIALS, 2008 – Duplication of Earlier Findings YIFRU ( 1998 ) M. Sc. THESIS Reported yield of 4-5 tons/ha for non-lodged teff vs. 2-3 t/ha for lodged teff Yields even higher when NPK plus micronutrients (S, Mg, Zn, Cu) added VARIETY SOWING METHOD PELLETING YIELD (Kg/Ha) Cross 37 Broadcast None 1,014 Broadcast Yes 483 20 cm x 20 cm None 3,390 20 cm x 20 cm Yes 5,109 Cross 387 Broadcast None 1,181 Broadcast Yes 1,036 20 cm x 20 cm None 4,142 20 cm x 20 cm Yes 4,385
32. In the tradition of Norman Borlaug, we should continue with science-based agricultural development – but not only focused on genes and inputs Capitalize on soil biology and soil ecology and on epigenetics - emerging bioscience field that seeks to understand and explain the expression of genetic potential Norman Borlaug legacy: “ Work for a hunger-free world and help those in need.” Gurdev Khush
33. INDONESIA Comparison of SRI vs. usual rice plants of same variety, showing the effects of management Miyatty Jannah Crawuk village, Ngawi, E. Java
34. INDONESIA: Single SRI rice plant Variety: Ciherang No. of fertile tillers: 223 Sampoerna CSR Program, Malang, E. Java, 2009
Editor's Notes
Graph prepared by Uphoff for monograph by Louise Buck, David Lee, Thomas Gavin and himself on EcoAgriculture (CIIFAD, 2004; for SANREM CRSP). Sources are from Worldwatch Institute’s data archives.
Picture provided by Rajendra Uprety, District Agricultural Development Office, Morang District, Nepal. Again, this is a single SRI plant grown from a single seed.
Picture provided by Dr. Rena Perez. These two rice plants are ‘twins’ in that they were planted on the same day in the same nursery from the same seed bag. The one on the right was taken out at 9 days and transplanted into an SRI environment. The one on the left was kept in the flooded nursery until its 52 nd day, when it was taken out for transplanting (in Cuba, transplanting of commonly done between 50 and 55 DAP). The difference in root growth and tillering (5 vs. 42) is spectacular. We think this difference is at least in part attributable to the contributions of soil microorganisms producing phytohormones in the rhizosphere that benefit plant growth and performance.
This is the most simple description of what SRI entails. Transplanting is not necessary since direct seeding, with the other SRI practices, also produces similarly good results. The principle of SRI is that if transplanting is done , very young seedling should be used, and there should be little or no trauma to the young plant roots. These are often ‘abused’ in transplanting process, being allowed to dry out (desiccate), or are knocked to remove soil, etc.
This is the most simple description of what SRI entails. Transplanting is not necessary since direct seeding, with the other SRI practices, also produces similarly good results. The principle of SRI is that if transplanting is done , very young seedling should be used, and there should be little or no trauma to the young plant roots. These are often ‘abused’ in transplanting process, being allowed to dry out (desiccate), or are knocked to remove soil, etc.
This is the most simple description of what SRI entails. Transplanting is not necessary since direct seeding, with the other SRI practices, also produces similarly good results. The principle of SRI is that if transplanting is done , very young seedling should be used, and there should be little or no trauma to the young plant roots. These are often ‘abused’ in transplanting process, being allowed to dry out (desiccate), or are knocked to remove soil, etc.