The document discusses the format and structure of a research report. It begins by outlining the main sections, which are the preliminary section, body of the report, and reference section. The preliminary section includes things like the title page, preface/acknowledgements, table of contents, and lists of tables/figures. The body of the report includes the introduction, design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, and summary and conclusions. The reference section includes the bibliography and appendix. General rules for typing the report are also provided, such as margins, spacing, and abbreviations.
A research report is a precise presentation of the work done by a researcher while investigating a particular problem and whether the study is conducted by an individual researcher or by an institution.
As a university student, you may be required to write a variety of reports for assessment purposes
A research report is one type that is often used in the sciences, engineering and psychology
Here your aim is to write clearly and concisely about your research topic so that the reader can easily understand the purpose and results of your research
A research report is a precise presentation of the work done by a researcher while investigating a particular problem and whether the study is conducted by an individual researcher or by an institution.
As a university student, you may be required to write a variety of reports for assessment purposes
A research report is one type that is often used in the sciences, engineering and psychology
Here your aim is to write clearly and concisely about your research topic so that the reader can easily understand the purpose and results of your research
Research Report is an oral presentation or written statement of research results, strategic recommendations, and/or other conclusions to a specific audience
A literature review is a
“critical analysis of a segment of a published body of knowledge through summary, classification, and comparison of prior research studies, reviews of literature, and theoretical articles”
What is Research Report?
Types of Report
Components of a Research Report
APA Style Essentials
Citing and Referencing Sources
Footnotes
Suggestions for Writing Report.
Formulation of Research Problem - Meaning, Definition, Components, Techniques...Sundar B N
This ppt covers the Formulation of Research Problem in that many sub themes are covered.
What is a Research Problem
Definition of Research Problem
Problems May Arise from
Characteristics of Good Research Problem
Components of Research Problem
Criteria for Selecting a Research Problem
Importance of formulating a research problem
Technique Involved in Defining a Problem
Subscribe to Vision Academy
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
Research Report is an oral presentation or written statement of research results, strategic recommendations, and/or other conclusions to a specific audience
A literature review is a
“critical analysis of a segment of a published body of knowledge through summary, classification, and comparison of prior research studies, reviews of literature, and theoretical articles”
What is Research Report?
Types of Report
Components of a Research Report
APA Style Essentials
Citing and Referencing Sources
Footnotes
Suggestions for Writing Report.
Formulation of Research Problem - Meaning, Definition, Components, Techniques...Sundar B N
This ppt covers the Formulation of Research Problem in that many sub themes are covered.
What is a Research Problem
Definition of Research Problem
Problems May Arise from
Characteristics of Good Research Problem
Components of Research Problem
Criteria for Selecting a Research Problem
Importance of formulating a research problem
Technique Involved in Defining a Problem
Subscribe to Vision Academy
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
Introduction to Citations and ReferencingKee-Man Chuah
This is the introductory part of the unit on citations and referencing, which are important for academic writing. The style used is APA.
Note: Reference list for the materials used in the slights is provided upon request.
Method of Reporting
Three broad sets of information of a normally degree-oriented research reports:
Prelims/ Preliminary Information
Main body of the research report, and
The reference materials
Fundamental Facts
Title Page
Supervisor’s Certificate
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Tables (if any) and,
List of Figures (if any).
Format for Research Papers California State Universit.docxshericehewat
Format for Research Papers
California State University, Bakersfield
Department of Biology
A scientific research report is a form of
communication in which the investigator
succinctly presents and interprets data collected in
an investigation. Writing such reports is similar to
the writing in other scientific disciplines except
that the format will differ as will the criteria for
grading.
Writing the Report
The questions and hypotheses that initiate
an investigation, the resultant data gathered, and
the background information obtained by reading
the literature will lead to conclusions. Your
research report presents these conclusions and the
appropriate evidence (data and relevant literature).
Before writing the report, construct an
outline that logically presents the information to
support your conclusions. Organize the data into
tables and figures to present the evidence in a
logical order. Many authors prefer to construct a
draft by rapidly putting down ideas with little
regard to sentence structure, and to make
corrections later. Others prefer to make revisions
as they proceed. Write the report with a target
audience of other students with experience in
biology equivalent to that of the class for which
the report is written.
Proper use of English is considered
paramount in grading. Your major responsibility
is to make the reader understand exactly what you
mean by using words with precision, clarity, and
economy. Every sentence should be exact and say
something of importance (no "padding").
Economy and accuracy require using
straightforward English sentences (subject, verb,
and object). Follow a consistent pattern of tenses.
Write in the active voice unless you have good
reason to use the passive voice. The active is the
natural voice, the one in which people commonly
speak and write.
Quotations are to be avoided. All
sentences should be based on your understanding
of source material that you then write as your own
original sentences. When discussing the works of
others, do not include extraneous information,
such as first names or scientific affiliations. In
scientific writing, the major idea of a paragraph (or
sentence) is placed first. Evidence for the idea,
modifications, exceptions, etc., then follow. This
allows readers to quickly skim research reports by
reading the first sentence in each paragraph.
After finishing a draft, review it to see if
the paragraphs and sentences follow a logical
sequence. Examine the arrangement of paragraphs
within a section; some may belong in another
section. Make sure that the transitions from one
idea to another are clear. Study each sentence to
see if it can be clarified, shortened, or omitted.
Rewrite as necessary to achieve clarity. This type
of review and rewriting is best done after not
looking at the manuscript for a few days. Then,
you should ...
Research methodlogy unit-v-reseach report for B.com, BBA, MBA and other U.G a...Manoj Kumar
This PPT will be helpful in understanding the concepts like
Research Report _introduction
Steps in Report Writing
Layouts Of Research Report
Types of Research Report
Mechanics of Research Report
Significance of Research Report
Characteristic of Good Research Report
Links for other units are also given below. .Kindly use that too
Unit-I
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodology-unitiresearch-and-its-various-process
Unit-II
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodology-unit-iidata-collection
Unit-iii
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitiiisampling
Unit-IV
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitivmeasurement-and-data-preperationfor-bbabcommba-and-for-other-ug-and-pg-students
Unit-V
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitvreseach-report-for-bcom-bba-mba-and-other-ug-and-pg-courses
SPE ESUT TECHNICAL SERIES (ACADEMIC PROJECT WRITING AND PRESENTATION) BY ENGR...SPEESUTChapter
This slide (article) will give you a comprehensive understanding of how to structure and present your findings professionally, ensuring your research reports are impactful and engaging.
You'll learn about what a research report is, how to create one, where to find research topics, the importance of citations and various citation styles, how to select the right citation style, the key parts of a research report, and how to put them all together effectively.
Having a well-researched project, with proper citations, a good topic, and complete reports, will attract more people and help you do well in your studies and research.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Outline
First, we will discuss the general format of
the research report.
Secondly, we will study the style and
format of writing the research report
logically and objectively.
Finally we will discuss the procedure
which is followed in typing different
sections of the report.
3. Meaning of research report:
The research report is called either a
thesis or dissertation.
The oxford dictionary defines thesis as a
proposition to be maintained or proved
especially by candidate for degree.
A knowledge of the rules and principles
involved in writing a research report will
help the researcher to write better thesis .
4. The research report format mainly
consists of three main sections:
– The preliminary section
– The body of the report
– The reference section
5. The Preliminary Section
1. Title Page
2. Preface, including acknowledgement
3. Table of contents
4. List of tables (if any)
5. List of figures, maps and illustrations (if
any)
6. Body of the Report
(a.) Introduction
• Statement of the problem
• Analysis of previous research
• Relation of present problem to theoretical
position of the previous research
• Significance of the problem
• Limitations of the study
• Assumptions under hypothesis
• Statement of hypothesis
• Definition of important terms
7. (b.) Design of the study
1. Procedures employed
2. Sources of data
3. Data gathering instruments
4. Sampling and methods of data gathering
9. (d.) Summary and conclusions
• Brief restatement of problem and
procedures
• Principal findings and conclusions with
their practical implications
• Suggestions for further research
11. Preliminary section
Title page: several pages of preliminary
material are presented prior to the body of
research report which consists of-
– Title of the study
– Name of the institution to which the report is
being submitted
– Name of the candidate
– Date of submission
12. Preface: The preface usually include a brief
statement and scope of the report.
A preface should include thanks for
those who gave researcher the guidance
for study but if the researcher has little to
say than he should used “Acknowledgment”
instead of “Preface”.
13. Table of contents: The table of contents
includes the major divisions of the report;
The introduction, the chapter with their
sub-sections, the bibliography and the
appendix.
The preface or acknowledgement, list of
figures and list of tables are also entered
in the table of contents.
14. Body of the Report
Introduction : The introduction of the report should be simple,
complete and concise.
In introduction the researcher defines, analyses and states the
nature of the problem.
He also review the related studies so as to lay the foundation for
research.
The review of the result of the previous researcher bring out the area
of agreement and disagreement and shows how present studies
arose from the previous investigation.
It includes significance of the problem and need for conducting the
investigation.
After reviewing the background of the problem, its scope and
delimitations, the researcher present the hypothesis and the
assumptions on which the hypothesis are based.
He then defines the terms used in the study that have the special
meaning and significance for the investigation.
15. Design of the study : This section explain the design
of the study in detail.
It includes detailed description about the type of data
needed for study and tools and devices need for their
collection.
A researcher may present definition of the population,
the size of the samples, the method of sampling, when
and where what type of data were collected.
The design and methods of conducting the experiments
giving full details about the assumptions.
The type of data analyses made, the statistical methods
employed and how data will be organized and presented
for analysis and interpretation.
16. Analysis and interpretation of data: This section is
the heart of the report.
The data analysis and interpretation may be either
presented in separate chapters or may be in one chapter.
The tables and figures should be listed in such a way that
they are self explanatory.
Tables which are lengthy should be placed in appendix.
The text should not repeat all the information given in the
tables. (only important facts).
The formulae and statistical procedure used should be
clearly specified and explained in detail.
Statistical analysis may be presented in the form of
ratios, proportions, percentages, variances, SD etc.
Any weakness in the research design, tools, techniques
that have come to the light during conduct of study
should be discussed frankly along with the manner they
have affected the findings of the study.
17. Summary and conclusions: This section
includes a brief re-statement of the
problem, a description of the procedures
used and discussion of findings and
conclusions of the study.
The summary and conclusion section is
the most widely used part of the report as
it reviews all the information that has been
presented in its previous sections.
18. Reference section: The reference section
includes bibliography and appendix.
– The bibliography is the record of those
sources and materials that have been used
for the study. If the number is large the
researcher may divide the bibliography into
various sections, one for book, one for
periodical and journals etc.
– An appendix follows the bibliography. All the
relevant supporting material that are important
but not essential to understanding of report
are presented in appendix.
19. General rules for typing research report
1. Material should typed on one side of the paper.
2. The right margin should 1 inch, the aft margin
1.5 inches, the top margin 1.25 inches and the
bottom margin 1.5 inches.
3. All textual material should be double spaced,
triple spaced between paragraphs and single
space in quotations
4. Dividing the words at the end of the line should
be avoided as far as possible.
20. A researcher should master the following
abbreviations
bk,bks book, books
Chap,chaps chapter, chapters
P.,pp page, pages
Col,cols column, columns
E.g for example
et al and others
Ibid same reference
Vol,vols volume, volumes