There are several common methods for measuring attitudes, including Thurstone scales, Likert scales, Guttman scales, and semantic differentials. Thurstone scales were the first to apply scaling principles to attitudes but have been replaced in popularity by Likert scales, which are easier to construct and more valid. Factor analysis is often used to develop attitude scales and ensure items are measuring only one construct.

1. Attitude Measurement Matt Hendrickson Sopsy 640: Attitudes Dr. White August 31, 2006

7. Thurstone example In Whitley (2002) p. 364

10. Likert Scaling In Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister (2003) p. 150

11. Likert example In Whitley (2002) p. 362

13. Guttman example In Whitley (2002) p. 365

15. Semantic Differential example In Feldman (2001) p. 337

16. Likert, SD, & Guttman examples In Feldman (2001) p. 337