This document outlines the typical parts and structure of a dissertation manuscript. It discusses the contents and formatting requirements for chapters such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, conclusion, and references. Key sections include stating the research problem, hypotheses, significance of the study, research design, data analysis procedures, results presentation, conclusions, and recommendations. Tables and figures should be numbered continuously and include titles. Strict formatting guidelines are provided around font, margins, pagination, chapter headings, and terminology.

1. PARTS OF THE BODY OF
DISSERTATION
GRR 8502

3. CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
- Contains a discussion of the problem that is existing in a
unsatisfactory condition that needs a solution, must be presented
first in a global context followed by a local perspective; the
rationale for conducting the study and the output of the study.

4. 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- Contains a concise and clear statement of the research
problems that the study would like to address.
- The last problem must indicate the output of the study.
- Future tense must be used for the research proposal and
present tense must be used in the final copy of the manuscript.

5. 1.3. Hypotheses
- Contains clear statement of the hypotheses and these must
be stated in the null form with an introductory sentence.

6. 1.4 Significance of the Study
- Contains the sectors of the society (person and or group
of individuals, offices, organizations) that the researcher identifies
to benefit from the study.
- This part must begin with an introductory statement.

7. 1.5 Scope and Delimitations of the Study
- The first paragraph contains the coverage of the study and
must discuss the 5 WHYs–who, what, when, where and why of
the study.
- The second paragraph identifies the limitation or potential
weaknesses in the research design or the constrains of the study.

8. CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
AND STUDIES AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 (Based on the Themes as approved by the panel members)
2.2 Synthesis
2.3 Theoretical Framework
2.4 Conceptual Framework
The related literature and studies to be reviewed must be based on the
themes relevant to the study being conducted; the study must contain both
theoretical and conceptual frameworks (if applicable).

9. • In the theoretical framework, a specific theory and its
proponent/s must be identified and discussed. The conceptual
framework clarifies the relationship between and among the
major variables of the study and must presented in a paradigm
or other illustrative presentation; must be properly labeled and
must have a title.

10. • 2.5 Definition of Terms
Contains important terms or variables that must be defined
conceptually or operationally as used in the study.
The terms should be alphabetically arranged. Acronyms
and abbreviations must be spelled out.
This part must begin with an introductory paragraph.

11. CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
This part identifies and describes the method/s of research and
includes a discussion of its appropriateness to the present study.
The source of the method/s used must be properly acknowledged.
3.2 Research Locale This part identifies and describes the place/s where the
study was conducted

12. 3.3 Population and Sampling
This composes of the population and sample involved in
the study and must include a discussion of the specific sampling
technique used and the justification on its use.
This part also contains the description of the demographic
profile of the respondents that must be presented in a tabular form

13. 3.4 Research Instrument/s
3.4.1 Construction
3.4.2 Validation
3.4.3 Administration

14. • This part discusses the construction, validation, and
administration of the research instrument/s such as survey
questionnaires, interview guides/, etc.; the description of the
parts of the instrument. GS recommends the use of RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT EVALUATION FORM in consulting an expert
in the validation of the instrument.

15. 3.5 Data Gathering Procedure
Contains the procedures to be followed in conducting the
study. The procedures must be chronologically discussed.
3.6 Statistical Treatment of Data/Data Analysis
3.6.1 Statistical Treatment for Quantitative Research
3.6.2 Data Analysis for Qualitative Research

16. This part describes briefly how the data collected are to be
statistically treated.
The appropriate statistical tool/s to be used must be discussed
according to the problems (for quantitative research) and the
methods or theory to be applied for data analyses (for qualitative
research)

17. CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND
DISCUSCUSSION
• Contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data and the
presentation must be according to the problems of the study. Only relevant
data are included and the rest can be placed in the appendix, and the data
can be presented in a tabular, chart and graphical manner followed by the
textual explanation. The interpretation must be supported or negated by
citing findings of other studies and related literature reviewed that are
presented in Chapter 2.The researcher must stick to the findings of the
study, analyses of data must be objective and the researcher’s opinion must
not be included.

18. CHAPTER 5 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
Includes the findings of the study and the findings must be
presented according to the problems.
This part must begin with an introductory statement.

19. 5.2 Conclusion
This part contains concise but generalized statements
derived from the findings of the study and must begin with an
introductory statement .
The conclusion must jibe with the findings of the study.

20. 5.3. Recommendations
This compose of the enumerated measures conceived by the
researcher with the approval of his/her adviser and the panel members in
order to address the limitations or weaknesses shown as a result of the study;
followed by the listing of the sectors of the society who are to implement the
recommended measures .
The recommendations must jibe with the conclusions of the study
and the last part must always be the recommendation of the researcher for
further researches to be conducted in a related area for research.

21. References
• Includes printed sources such as books, journals/periodical, unpublished
thesis/dissertation, and non-print sources (on- line sources).
• All sources must be arranged alphabetically following APA 5 format. Only
sources used in the study must be listed in the references

22. Appendices
This must include the following:
1. Letter of Permit to Conduct the Study (original copy)
2. Research Instrument/s
3. Research Instrument Evaluation Form
4. Research Output
5. Computations of the Statistical treatment of data (computerized analyses)

23. 6. Inform Consent Form
7. Acceptance of Final Thesis/Dissertation Form
8. Academic Integrity
9. Curriculum Vitae with 2x2 colored picture placed at the upper right hand
corner of the paper
Appendices must be identified with capital letters and should be page
numbered continuously in Arabic numerals together with the other parts of
the research paper

24. PREPARATION OF THE MANUSCRIPT
1. The manuscript is to follow the American Psychological
Association (APA) fifth edition, using third person in the
presentation of the paper.
2. Use 12-point Arial font throughout the paper except in writing
the figures/tables or even in compressing a larger table.

25. 3. Use double-space consistently in the presentation of the paper.
Use quotation marks for short quotations (four typed lines or
fewer) and include it into the text of the manuscript: and for long
quotations (five or more typed lines) must be segregated from the
text by indenting 5 spaces from the left margin and use single-
space throughout the quotation.

26. 4. Pagination must be placed on the right side at the bottom of the
paper. The preliminaries must be paginated using lower case
Roman numerals and use Arabic numerals in paginating the text,
references and appendices of the manuscript. Numbering of the
manuscript must be continuous. There must be no page at the
beginning of each chapter. Do not capitalize the letters in writing
the word “Chapter”. It is only letter “C” that is capitalized.

27. 5. The titles of the chapters are all capitalized and both the chapter and
chapter titles must be highlighted or typed in bold font.
EXAMPLE: Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Maintain three (3) spaces from the top margin of the paper in typing
the chapter number heading and observe double- space below from it
following the chapter title, then three (3) spaces below the chapter title must
appear the subheading or the first line of the introduction or introductory
paragraph. Subheading must be typed in a bold font. Start another
subheading three spaces below the last line of the immediately preceding
paragraph.

28. 6. Margins must be consistent throughout the paper. Leave 1 inch
for the top, bottom and right margins and 1.5 inches for the left
margins of the paper.

29. 7. Tables must have titles, must be numbered with Arabic numerals
and the numbering must be continuous.
The table titles must be typed two (2) spaces below the line for table
number.
Use two (2) or more lines in writing the table title in inverted pyramid.
Table number must not be italicized, only the table titles Use open
tables and do not cut tables as much as possible.

30. EXAMPLE: Table 1
Distribution of Respondents as to
Undergraduate Programs

31. 8. Figures must have titles, must be numbered with Arabic
numerals and the numbering must be continuous.
Figure number must be italicized and the figure title must be
typed in normal setup and must be placed right after the figure
number. E

32. EXAMPLE:
Figure 1: A Research Paradigm on the Learning Stressors and
Academic Performance of Students with Visual Impairment :
Towards a Proposed Stress Reduction Program

33. 9. Refrain from using abbreviations .Spell out completely
acronyms on its first time appearance in the text and followed
immediately by its abbreviation in parenthesis.

34. 10. Use future tense in discussing chapter 1 except the
introduction, and chapter 3 of the manuscript proposal. Use past
tense in the final manuscript; however use present tense in
chapter s4-5, most especially in the presentation and analyses of
data, in the conclusion and recommendations of the study.

35. 11. Italicized Filipino, foreign and any other term you would like
to emphasize in the text.

36. 12. Choice of words in the presentation of the text must be
carefully observed. A thesis/dissertation is a scholarly work that
can be used as a reference by other researchers.

37. 13. Avoid using bullet or numbered presentation in the text of the
manuscript. Use words to express numbers 1-9 (below 10) and
use numbers to express numbers 10 and above. Do not begin a
sentence with a number.
EXAMPLE:
a. There are three groups of respondents in the study.
b. There are 30 student teachers, 30 cooperating teachers and 10
school administrators who participated in the study.

38. 14.For ethical consideration, do not identify your
respondents/participants. As a researcher, let them sign the
Informed Consent Form. You may use letters, numbers or any
other names to identify one respondent from the others.

39. 15. Include a Statement of Authenticity. Place it in the
appendices. This is your evidence that your paper is an original
work and not plagiarized. Be always guided with our University’s
policy on ACADEMIC INTEGRITY.

40. 16. Be careful in typing/printing of the manuscript intended for
submission. There must be no erasures, inserting as well as
crossing out of words or any letter. The final copy/s must be
neatly prepared.

41. Thank you