Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
A few month ago I'm participate a workshop "How to prepare thesis writing or project book" in my university. Workshop is conduct by M. NURUL ISLAM. He is the Asst.Professor on DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS,
UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
A few month ago I'm participate a workshop "How to prepare thesis writing or project book" in my university. Workshop is conduct by M. NURUL ISLAM. He is the Asst.Professor on DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS,
UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA
Method of Reporting
Three broad sets of information of a normally degree-oriented research reports:
Prelims/ Preliminary Information
Main body of the research report, and
The reference materials
Fundamental Facts
Title Page
Supervisor’s Certificate
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Tables (if any) and,
List of Figures (if any).
Based on your group research, take the same topic and make a resea.docxgarnerangelika
Based on your group research, take the same topic and make a research using quantitative method. This is individual research
Research Grading Rubric (only guide for you).
As you write, use this rubric as an outline for your final project
Score achieved.
Possible score
Specific Comments and Feedback
Section and Quality Indicators
1
Cover Page Formatted correctly
4
Abstract
A. Describes the research problem and why it is important
B. States research purpose
C. Summarizes research question(s)
D. Briefly describes the research design, methods and data analysis procedures
10
Section I: Introduction
1. Clearly demonstrates the significance of problem and worthiness of the study.
2. A summary of the problem is well articulated and substantiates the study with references to more detailed discussions in Section 2.
3. The problem statement describes the need for increased understanding about the issue to be studied.
4. The nature of the study, specific research questions, and research objectives are briefly and clearly described. Reference is made to more detailed discussions in Section 3.
5. The purpose of the study is described in a logical, explicit manner.
6. The conceptual framework shows which ideas from the contemporary scholarship support/justify the research being conducted
7. Key terms are operationally defined
8. Assumptions, Limitations, Scope, and Delimitations provide descriptions of:
A. Facts assumed to be true but not verified
B. Potential weaknesses of the study
C. The bounds of the study
9. The Significance of the Study is described in terms of:
A. How the study can be applied to the local problem
B. Professional application
C. Positive social change (improvement of human or social conditions by promoting the worth, dignity, and development of individuals, communities, organizations, institutions, cultures, or societies)
10. Section I ends with a transition statement that contains a summary or key points of the study and an overview of the content of the remaining sections in the study.
20
Section II: Literature Review
1. There is an introduction that describes:
A. The content of the review the review
B. The organization of the review
C. The strategy used for searching the literature
2. The review of related research and literature is clearly related to the problem statement as expressed in the research questions and objectives
3. The review of the related research and literature includes:
A. Comparisons/contrasts of different points of view of different research outcomes
B. The relationship of the study to the previous empirical research that has come before it
4. The review contains concise summaries of literatures that help
A. Define the most important aspects of the study;
B. Substantiate the rationale of conceptual framework for the study
5. There is a literature based description of the potential themes and perceptions explored in the study.
SPE ESUT TECHNICAL SERIES (ACADEMIC PROJECT WRITING AND PRESENTATION) BY ENGR...SPEESUTChapter
This slide (article) will give you a comprehensive understanding of how to structure and present your findings professionally, ensuring your research reports are impactful and engaging.
You'll learn about what a research report is, how to create one, where to find research topics, the importance of citations and various citation styles, how to select the right citation style, the key parts of a research report, and how to put them all together effectively.
Having a well-researched project, with proper citations, a good topic, and complete reports, will attract more people and help you do well in your studies and research.
An outline of the major components of the research proposal:
Cover Page:
Title (A case study of …….)
Purpose why the research is conducted
Name and Address of the investigator (Student researcher)
Name and Address of the advisor
Logo
Month and Place where the proposal is written
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
Background of the study: General to specific or deductive order is recommended
Statement of the problem: (Justification of the study)
Research Objectives, Research Questions, and Research Hypothesis:
1.3.1 Research Objectives – Ends to be met in conducting the research
This shows what the investigator will analyze and how;
What comparisons to make and at what level
General Objective: Often one statement directly related to the topic.
Specific Objectives: Often 3-5;
What the researcher want to achieve
What to analyze and compare
1.3.2 Research Questions – Questions to be answered to meet the research objectives or produce implications of the hypothesis.
1.3.3 Research Hypothesis (Optional) – Tentative propositions to be tested in the research.
1.4 Research Methodology:
1.4.1 Data Type and Source (Decide one of them or both by giving justifications)
Qualitative V/s Quantitative (Give reasons)
Primary Sources (Decide on which method or methods to use by stating justifiable reasons)
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
Focus group discussions
Secondary Sources (Decide on which method or methods to use by stating justifiable reasons) and exactly state the sources from which you will get the data.
-Reports, manuals, internal publications, data base systems, Journals and Publications for assessing existing findings and internet.
-Books for assessing theories and principles related to the topic etc.
1.4.2 Study design:
Census V/s Survey (Decide which one to use and why?).
Survey Design (Decide on the survey designs to be used by investigator clearly stating the reasons for your decision).
Sample Size (Use the sample size determinations formula as a base and make adjustments with due regard to the target population and the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the population characteristics).
Sampling Design (Show how and why you are going to use the different techniques of probability and/or non-probability sampling techniques).
1.4.3 Data Collection:
State the data collection tool or tools to be used with necessary justifications written in the proposal.
Questionnaire design
Questionnaire testing or pretesting if necessary
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2. What is a Research Report?
A research report is a completed study that
reports an investigation or exploration of a
problem, identifies questions to be
addressed, and includes data collected,
analyzed, and interpreted by the researcher.
3. Difference Between Research Report &
Research Proposal
Research Report
A research report is
prepared after a study
is completed.
A research report
communicates what was
actually done in a study,
and what resulted.
Research Proposal
A research proposal is
Prepared before a study
begins.
A research proposal
communicates a
researcher's plan for a
study.
4. Difference Between Research Report &
Article
Research Report
A research report is a
primary source.
it reports the methods
and results of an
original study
performed by the
researcher.
Article
An article is a
secondary source.
It does not report
original research by
the author.
5. Structure Of A Research Report
The research report format mainly consists of
three main sections:
1) The Introductory Section
2) The Main Body Of The Report
3) The Reference Section
6. 1) The Introductory Section
a) Title Page
b) Acknowledgments (if any)
c) Table of Contents
d) List of Tables (if any)
e) List of Figures (if any)
f) Abstract
7. 2) The Body Of The Report
2.1. Introduction
a) Statement of the Problem
b) Significance of the Problem
c) Purpose
d) Statement of Hypothesis
e) Assumptions
f) Limitations
g) Definition of important Terms
8. 2.2. Review of Related Literature (analysis
of previous research)
2.3. Design of the Study
a) Description of Research Design and Sources
of Data
b) Sampling Procedures
c) Methods and Instruments of Data Gathering
d) Statistical Treatment
9. 2.4. Analysis of Data
text with appropriate
a) Tables
b) Figures
2.5. Results And Discussion
a) Major Findings (reject or fail to reject Ho)
2.6. Summary and Conclusions
a) Conclusions
b) Recommendations for Further
Investigation
10. 3) The Reference Section
a) References/ Bibliography
b) Appendices
11. 1) The Introductory Section
a) Title Page:
Title Page identifies the title of the report, the
name of the researcher, the name of the guide,
institution, month and year of submission.
The title should communicate what the study is
about. A well constructed title makes it easy for
the reader to understand and determine the
nature of the topic .
12. b) Acknowledgments:
This page permits the writer to express
appreciation to persons who have contributed
significantly to the research.
c) Table of Contents:
The table of contents is an outline of the report
that indicates the page number on which each
major section and subsection begins.
d) List of Tables:
A list of all the tables included in the report along
with the page numbers should be provided.
13. e) List of Figures:
A list of all the figure included in the report along
with the page numbers should be provided.
f) Abstract:
The abstract is a brief but comprehensive
summary of the research report. It includes a
concise statement of the goal of the research, the
type of participants and instruments, outlines the
methods, major results and conclusions.
Abstract must be limited to a specific number of
words, usually between 100 and 500 words.
14. 2) The Body Of The Report
Introduction:
The Introduction section provides the
theoretical framework of the study within
which the research has been conducted,
background information of the topic as well as
the need for and rationale for the research, to
make the material more logical, useful and
interesting for readers.
15. The introduction begins with a description of
the research problem or topic and includes
objectives, significance of the problem,
research questions, statement of
hypothesis(if any).
It also includes the assumptions of the
study(if any), definition of important terms,
limitations and delimitations of the study.
16. 2) Review of Related Literature
The Review of Related Literature indicates what
is known about the problem or topic.
Its function is to educate the reader about the
area under study.
17. 3) Design of the Study
This section provides a detailed description of
the methodology used in the study. e.g.
population, sample size and sampling
techniques and tools used in the study.
The purpose of this section is to describe in
detail how a researcher performed the study so
that someone should be able to replicate the
study based on the information that a
researcher provide in this section.
18. For a qualitative study, this section may also
include a detailed description of the nature
and length of interactions with the
participants. The description of participants
includes information about how they were
selected and mainly representative of the
population.
The description indicate the purpose of the
instrument and the validity and reliability of
the instrument.
19. 4) Analysis of Data
This section describes the statistical
techniques or the inferential interpretations
that were applied to the data and the result of
these analyses.
Tables and figures are used to present findings
or graphic form which add clarity in findings
for a reader.
20. 5) Results And Discussion
The Results section is to tell the reader what
was found in the study.
it includes the descriptive statistics for the
relevant variables (e.g mean, standard
deviation).Then tell the reader what statistical
test you used to test your hypothesis and
what you found.
21. The Discussion section is where the researcher
interprets and evaluates the results.
The discussion of a research report section
presents the theoretical and practical
implications of the findings and make
recommendation for the future research.
22. Discuss the results of the
current study, explaining
exactly what was found.
Account for the research
findings, relate back to the
previous research and theories
highlighted in the introduction
Discuss the limitations of the
current study and provide ideas
for future research. End with a
conclusion.
23. 6) Summary and Conclusions
Conclusions is a summary of the main ideas
that come out from the discussion.
It draws all arguments and findings together.
It indicates whether hypothesis were accepted
or rejected.
It summarize major findings of the study.
The purpose of this section is to evaluate
interpret the result, especially with respect to
the original research question.
24. 3) The Reference Section
References/ Bibliography:
The References section provides the reader with all
the information needed to seek out and obtain all
original sources used in the research. it is written
in the alphabetical order.
Appendices:
This section provide a place for important
information.it includes tools prepared by the
researcher and used in the study.it may be lettered,
interview, names, raw data and data analysis
sheets.
30. References
Gay, L.R. , Mills, G.E.& Airasian, P. (2008).
Educational Research(ninth edition). Prentice Hall;
Pandya, S.R. (2010). Educational Research. New
Delhi; A P H Publishing Corporation.
Retrieved January 28,2015 from
http://www.thewritesource.com/apa/apa.pdf