This document provides an overview of the literature review process. It defines a literature review, discusses the types and purposes of literature reviews. It outlines the key steps in conducting a literature review including defining the research problem, searching relevant literature, planning the review, taking notes, and summarizing findings. Sources of literature are primary sources like reports and theses, secondary sources like books and journals, and tertiary sources like indexes and abstracts. The document provides examples of formatting literature in bibliographies and taking structured notes on index cards to organize the review.
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of events .
The presentation is about Plagiarism - What it is; How to avoid it; How to find it; Citation Methods; Writing style; Methods for citing various sources. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online in benefits of the research scholar society.
RESEARCH DESIGN , Sampling Designs , Dependent and Independent Variables, Extraneous Variables, Hypothesis, Exploratory Research Design, Descriptive and Diagnostic Research
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of events .
The presentation is about Plagiarism - What it is; How to avoid it; How to find it; Citation Methods; Writing style; Methods for citing various sources. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online in benefits of the research scholar society.
RESEARCH DESIGN , Sampling Designs , Dependent and Independent Variables, Extraneous Variables, Hypothesis, Exploratory Research Design, Descriptive and Diagnostic Research
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
Ethics in medical sciences research may not always translate into ethical publications.
Ethical violations in conducting medical research always promote unethical scientific publications.
Published research influences other researchers and establishes credibility for individual or journal.
Research proposal
704 _Quantitative Research Methods in LIS
Presentation by Sadaf Batool
M.Phil. (scholar)
Roll no 14
Contents
What is research
What is proposal
Definition of research proposal
Types of research proposal
Importance of research proposal
Advantages of research proposal
Relationship of research proposal with research
Component of research proposal
1-title
2-introduction
3-statement of the problem
4-review of related literature
5-Hypothesis
6-purpose /objective of study
7- work plane
8-Method, research design, sample.
9-Refrences
common error in research proposal
Evaluation of research proposal
What is research?
The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
What is proposal?
A plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration by others.
A research proposal “is a document that outlines how you propose to undertake your research studies” (Mouton 2001:p.44).
Definition of research proposal
A research proposal is a document written by a researcher that provides a detailed description of the proposed program,
It is like an outline of the entire research process that gives a reader a summary of the information discussed in a project.
Importance of research proposal
Helps examine what the researcher intends to do.
Research proposal can serve as a document of contract for the project.
Research proposals can be effective starting places to discuss projects with your professors, too.
The research proposal is able to give an overview of the research project so that other people understand the scope of the research, the significance of the research, as well as your proposed methodology and chosen research method.
Advantages of research proposal
Fund to support your research
Allow you to review and critically evaluate your current research program
Convince yourself and others that your research is worth supporting
Keep you focused on your research program
Develop novel ideas during writing proposal.
Relationship of research proposal with research
Research proposal is a plan, and research is action.
Research proposal is compulsory for approving proposed research.
Research proposal is a schedule and research is activity.
Research proposal is a mirror of research
Research proposal is a blue print of research.
Research proposal can serve as a document of contract for the project.
Types of research proposal
There are two major types of research proposal;
Academic:
• An academic proposal is the first step in producing a thesis or major project. Its intent is to convince a supervisor or academic committee that your topic and approach are sound,
Non-academ
MEANING OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCH
RESEARCH MOTIVATIONS
TYPES OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH APPROACHES
RESEARCH PROCESS
LITERATURE REVIEW
HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY RESEARCHER
Research Methods vs Research MethodologySundar B N
This ppt elaborate Research Methods vs Research Methodology which covers Research Methods Versus Methodology, Research Methods, Research Methodology, Difference Between Research Methods and Methodology.
Subscribe to Vision Academy for Video assistance
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
In this all about the descriptive and analytical research...you can find the definitions and explanations from this document.... I am uploading this document for the other students who face the problems to find data about th descriptive and analytical research.... i hope you can get this data of research easily...thanks
Steps of Writing a Research Proposal
Most proposals should contain at least these elements:
Title Page
-1st Step : Introduction
-2nd Step : Review of Related Literature
-3rd Step : Research Design
-4th Step : Data Analysis & Expected Findings
-5th Step : Reference list or bibliography
-6th Step : Budget & Expected Schedule
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
Ethics in medical sciences research may not always translate into ethical publications.
Ethical violations in conducting medical research always promote unethical scientific publications.
Published research influences other researchers and establishes credibility for individual or journal.
Research proposal
704 _Quantitative Research Methods in LIS
Presentation by Sadaf Batool
M.Phil. (scholar)
Roll no 14
Contents
What is research
What is proposal
Definition of research proposal
Types of research proposal
Importance of research proposal
Advantages of research proposal
Relationship of research proposal with research
Component of research proposal
1-title
2-introduction
3-statement of the problem
4-review of related literature
5-Hypothesis
6-purpose /objective of study
7- work plane
8-Method, research design, sample.
9-Refrences
common error in research proposal
Evaluation of research proposal
What is research?
The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
What is proposal?
A plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration by others.
A research proposal “is a document that outlines how you propose to undertake your research studies” (Mouton 2001:p.44).
Definition of research proposal
A research proposal is a document written by a researcher that provides a detailed description of the proposed program,
It is like an outline of the entire research process that gives a reader a summary of the information discussed in a project.
Importance of research proposal
Helps examine what the researcher intends to do.
Research proposal can serve as a document of contract for the project.
Research proposals can be effective starting places to discuss projects with your professors, too.
The research proposal is able to give an overview of the research project so that other people understand the scope of the research, the significance of the research, as well as your proposed methodology and chosen research method.
Advantages of research proposal
Fund to support your research
Allow you to review and critically evaluate your current research program
Convince yourself and others that your research is worth supporting
Keep you focused on your research program
Develop novel ideas during writing proposal.
Relationship of research proposal with research
Research proposal is a plan, and research is action.
Research proposal is compulsory for approving proposed research.
Research proposal is a schedule and research is activity.
Research proposal is a mirror of research
Research proposal is a blue print of research.
Research proposal can serve as a document of contract for the project.
Types of research proposal
There are two major types of research proposal;
Academic:
• An academic proposal is the first step in producing a thesis or major project. Its intent is to convince a supervisor or academic committee that your topic and approach are sound,
Non-academ
MEANING OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCH
RESEARCH MOTIVATIONS
TYPES OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH APPROACHES
RESEARCH PROCESS
LITERATURE REVIEW
HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY RESEARCHER
Research Methods vs Research MethodologySundar B N
This ppt elaborate Research Methods vs Research Methodology which covers Research Methods Versus Methodology, Research Methods, Research Methodology, Difference Between Research Methods and Methodology.
Subscribe to Vision Academy for Video assistance
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
In this all about the descriptive and analytical research...you can find the definitions and explanations from this document.... I am uploading this document for the other students who face the problems to find data about th descriptive and analytical research.... i hope you can get this data of research easily...thanks
Steps of Writing a Research Proposal
Most proposals should contain at least these elements:
Title Page
-1st Step : Introduction
-2nd Step : Review of Related Literature
-3rd Step : Research Design
-4th Step : Data Analysis & Expected Findings
-5th Step : Reference list or bibliography
-6th Step : Budget & Expected Schedule
Literature Review (Review of Related Literature - Research Methodology)Dilip Barad
Literature Review or Review of Related Literature is one of the most vital stages in any research. This presentation attempts to throw some light on the process and important aspects of literature review.
The literature review is not merely a simple compilation or a list of every item and resource with any possible relation to your topic. A good literature review is a critical appraisal of narrowly focused, selected and truly relevant work that provides the current status (perspective) of the topic. This presentation basically is a brief guide on the process of doing and writing a literature review for a thesis, research proposal, research paper, etc.
This presentation describes the importance of literature review, how to run literature search, and how to write it. Tools to manage references are also covered.
The Literature Review ECON 590Lecture 7Dr. Cesl.docxoreo10
The Literature Review
ECON 590
Lecture 7
*
Dr. Ceslav Ciobanu
*
Content
Introduction: What is Literature Review?
1. Purposes of the Literature Review
2. The Literature Search Process
3. Five Steps in Conducting a Literature Review
4. Writing the Literature Review
5. Referencing
Conclusions: Useful Information for Producers & Consumers of Research
*
*
Introduction: What is Literature Review?
A literature Review: a written summary of journal articles, books & other documents that describe the state of information of your research. The list of typical questions:
What is a literature review?
Where do I begin in conducting it?
What are the best materials to include in my review & how locate them?
Is it worth my time to search the Internet?
*
Introduction: What is Literature Review?
5. Are there any shortcuts in identifying journal articles?
6. Should I gather and summarize both quantitative & qualitative studies?
7. How long should the review be?
8. What are the examples that I should examine?
Alfred Marshall – “synthesizer” of preceding century, but formulated something unique: modern microeconomics
1. Purposes of the Literature Review
Understanding of the strengths & weaknesses of the prior research, how it is related to your current research: through a) problems; b) objectives, c)method & d) procedures. The literature review:
Prevents unwarranted (excess) duplication of what has already been done
Helps to identify how, where, and in what manner the proposed research might be a value added to general knowledge of the subject
Provides guidelines for: a) how to handle the problems; b) techniques; c) sources & data, & d) approaches
*
e
*
1. Purposes of the Literature Review
4. Helps to develop the design of the study showing what approaches were and were not successful
Reveal conceptual insights and provide the basis for hypothesis in the research
Sometimes problem-solving research may not require a formal literature review (aimed at industry group, but just a brief recap of the problem with a few references
In quantitative study the literature review is included in a separate section to highlight its role & justify the importance of the research problem
In qualitative study authors do not discuss the literature extensively at the beginning of the study in order do not be constrained by the views of others
*
e
*
2. The Literature Search Process
Take into consideration that all literature is not eligible for inclusion. You need to include only “scientific” literature (academic journals, formal research reports, university affiliated bulletins, monographs etc.)
The refereed or reviewed literature does not exclude that it is infallible or incorrect. Even The Wall Street Journal, and The Economist may be not appropriate sources for literature review, not speaking about “popular” publications
Access to a research library (VSU library), interlibrary resources through electronic communication
What about Internet as a ...
Literature Review
A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated.
Types of literature review
On the purpose of research there are 5 main types of literature review:
Narrative Literature Review
Argumentative Literature Review
Theoretical Literature Review
Integrative Literature Review
Systematic Literature Review
Print source literature 24 March 2023.pptxsanjaychavan62
Hi i am Dr. Sanjay Chavan, i am share my ppts on print source literature for newcomer researcher in chemistry who is seeking for research give idea about literature reviews and defiantly this power point presentation is very help full. before the research work learnt about the research methodology with respective subject is very essential so this is very effective information for the newly enter this field.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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2. Overview
Literature Review
• Definition
• Literature
• Types of literature review
• process
• Purpose
• What to review?
• Literature search procedure
• Sources of literature
• Planning the review work
• Note taking
3. Definition
• According to university of wincosin writing centre,
A literature review is a
“critical analysis of a segment of a
published body of knowledge through
summary, classification, and comparison
of prior research studies, reviews of
literature, and theoretical articles”
4. Key points of a literature review
• Tell me what the research says(Theory)
• Tell me how the research was carried out (Methodology)
• Tell me what is missing or the gap that research intends to fill.(Research gap)
5. Literature
literature in this context consists of:
Books
•Encyclopedias
•Year books
•Text books
•Reference books
Journals
•Published monthly,quarterly,half yearly or annually
Reports
•Reports of commissions appointed by Govt.
•Seminar reports
Research dissertations & Thesis
News papers
Micro forms: Audio & Video tapes
6. Types of Literature Review
On the purpose of research there are 3
main types of literature review
•Evaluative Review
•Explorative Review
•Instrumental Review
10. PROCESS
A literature review can be divided into 2
process:
1.The search for material & resources
2.Writing literature review
In the first process topics include
1. What to review & purpose of review
2. Literature search procedure
3. Planning of research work
In the second process topics include:
Note taking
12. WHAT TO REVIEW ???
The kinds of literature to be revived at the
various stage of the research process and
specific purposes of the review are
indicated below:
13. steps in the research
process
identification & selection
of problem
kinds of literature to be
reviewed
1.1 source
materials,encyclopedia,text
books
1.2 latest publications on the
discipline
1.3 theses in the selected
discipline
Purpose of review
1.1 to gain preliminary
orientation & background
knowledge
1.2 to gain up-to-date
knowledge in the field
1.3 to know work already
done on the subject
1.4 to identify research gaps
in the field.
1.5 to avoid duplication
14. steps in the research
process
kinds of literature to be
reviewed
Purpose of review
to become familiar with
formulation of the selected
appropriate methodology &
problem
previous study in the field & research techniques relevant
journals
to the study.
for clarifying concepts and
operationalisation of
knowing measurements
concepts
same as 2
techniques.
4.1 illustrated books on
4.1 to devolope alternative
methodology of research
designs
preparation of research
4.2 for formulating hypothesis
proposals
and deciding sample design
4.2 thesis
etc
15. steps in the research
process
kinds of literature to be
reviewed
Purpose of review
5.1 same as 4.1 & 4.2
construction of tools for
collection of data
5.2 copies of tools & scales
furnished in the appendix of
theses.
for gaining thorough
knowledge of the process of
tools and measurement
techniques
journals
drafting theoretical chapters
text books
& theory parts of other
chapters
reference books
reports on subject matter
to take notes and compile
bibliography
16. LITERATURE SEARCH PROCEDURE
OR
HOW CAN WE FIND LITERATURE?
Literature search procedure involves a series of
steps which aims to identify the sources of
literature.
17. 1.Request learned professors,librarians,or other familiar to suggest relevant
references.
2.Find out whether any bibliography already prepared on the subject is available
in the library.
3.Consult bibliographies in the these on the topic & related topics.
4.Examine periodicals,monographics,reports,confrence proceedings & other
materials including micro films available
5.Consult reference cited in the books & articles already located. Each book will
be a means for locating additional references.
6.Consult the abstract journal on the subject
7.See the book review pages in the daily news papers & in the journals.
18. Sources of Literature
Sources of literature can be divided into 3 :
1.Primary literature sources
2.Secondary literature sources
3. Tertiary literature sources
The different categories of literature sources
represents the flow of information from original source.
19. 1.Primary literature sources
Primary literature sources are the first occurrence of a piece
of work.
It includes:
1.Reports
Reports include market research reports, government reports etc.
2.Confrence proceedings
Conference proceedings referred to any symposia are often published as
unique titles with in journals, or as books. most conference will have a very
specific theme.
3.Theses
These are the research papers contains details of research done in a particular
topic. It is a good source of detailed information & further reference.
20. 2.Secondary Literature sources
Secondary sources such as books & journals are subsequent
publication of primary literature. These publications are aimed at
wider audience.
it includes:
1.Journals
Journals are also known as periodicals, magazines are published on a regular
basis.eg.journal of management studies, people management etc.
2.Books
Books are written for specific audiences.the material in books are presented in a
more ordered and accessible manner than in journals.
3.News papers
News papers are good source of topical events, developments with in the
business &government as well as recent statistical information..
21. 3. Tertiary literature sources
Tertiary literature sources also called as “search tools” are
designed either to help to locate primary & secondary
literature or to introduce a topic. They include indexes &
abstracts as well as encyclopaedias & bibliographies.
Eg:subject catalogues of libraries
List of books and publishers bulletins.
22. Planning the review work
One can identify many references relating to the selected topic. The problem
now is to go through the references one after the other & point out exact
information relevant to study.
Steps
This planning involves 3 steps:
23. 1. To decide what information is useful &what is not useful.
The researcher should draw up a preliminary outline of the topic with reference
to objectives of study. it serve as a guide to take above decision.
2.To determine how to record what is gathered from a published material.
Should it be noted down as verbatim or paraphrased.
3.To set up as orderly recording or note taking system
In this decision the researcher must be guided by the requirement of a good
recording system. these requirements are:
(a) The recording system should facilitate ready location of the recorded
information when required.
(b) it should allow for more flexible handling & organising information.
(c) all notes relating to a particular concept of a topic should available
together.
All these requirements are meet with card system.
24. NOTE TAKING
Note taking means recording of information. the suitable
method of note taking is the use of cards. The recording
system involves uses of 2 sets of cards.
1.Source cards(3” * 5”)
2.Note cards(5” * 8”)
25. 1.Source cards
An source card or index card or system card consists of
heavy paper stock cut to a standard size, used for recording and
storing bibliographic information. It was invented by Carl
Linnaeus, around 1760.
Source card serves 2 purposes.
1.Provide documentary information for foot notes to be given in
report
2.Used for compiling bibliography to be furnished at the end of
report.
26. Structure of source card
Source card had a definite structure. It has a code structure to in
order to relate them to the corresponding note cards.
On the left hand top corner the letter „B‟ OR „J‟ OR „R‟ may be
marker according to the type of reference which a card
represents.
B-book
J-journal
R=report
On the right hand top corner anther code is to be marked. Its a
combination of letter & number begins with “c”.the same code has
to be marked on the corresponding notes card for ready reference
of each note.
For each reference a separate card is used. and written only in one side. Cards
are arranged in the alphabetical order of the authors according to the type of
reference.
27. The recording of bibliographic information in the source card should
be made in proper bibliographic format. Its varies for book and
article.
1.For a book
Two formats are used in popular. They are as below
(a)Authors name (starting with last name) , the title of book, place of
publication: the publisher's name, year.
E.g.:
Krishnaswami,o.r,methodology of research in social science
,Mumbai:himalaya publishing house,1993
(b)Authors name (starting with last name) , the title of book, the publisher's
name,place,year.
E.g.:
Krishnaswami,o.r,methodology of research in social science , Himalaya publishing
house, Mumbai,1993
28. If a work has 3 or more authors, the abbreviation “et al” meaning
„and others‟ may be used after the first author.
E.g..
Koontz,harold, et al.,management.newdelhi:mcgraw hill
international book comany,1980
If publication is an edited one ,use the abbreviation “ed” after the name.
2.For articles
Here also 2 forms are used.
(a).Authors name ,”the title of article", the journal
name,place.publishers name,vol,issue no.,date,pages
(b).Authors name ,”the title of article", the journal name,
publishers name, place,vol,issue no.,date,pages
30. 2.NOTE CARD
Information extracted from a printed source is recorded on the
note cards. There should be a single fact or idea on each card. The
structure of note card is as below:
(1). On the left hand top corner the source reference code is
marked.
(2).on the right hand top corner the number of researcher’s
proposed chapter to which the information is related is entered.
(3).On the space between top edge and first horizontal line, the
title of broad theme is written & in the next space the title of the
specific idea is marked.
(4).The idea or fact extracted from concerned reference is
recorded after above step.
31. SAMPLE OF NOTE CARD
NOTE CARDS PRESERVED IN A CARD INDEX BOX
32. CONCLUSION
LITERATURE REVIEW IS ESSENTIAL TO UNDERSTAND WHAT HAS
ALREADY DONE IN THE SPECIFIC TOPIC.ITS HELP TO
UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND OF THE SPECIFIC TOPIC
WHICH RESEARCHER INTENDS TO RESEARCH,METHODOLOGY
OF RESEARCH DONE BY PREVIOUS RESEARCHERS,AND
RESEARCH GAP.ITS AN ONGOING PROCESS FROM SELECTION
OF RESEARCH PROBLEM TO REPORT WRITTING.THERE IS SPECIFIC
STRUCTURE FOR NOTING LITERATURE IN RESEARCH PAPER.
33. REFRENCE
1.
Krishnaswami,o.r,methodology of research in social science ,Mumbai:himalaya
publishing house,1993
2.adams,john,etal.,research methods for graduate business and social
science students,usa:library of congress,2007
3.Lewis,philip, etal., Research methods for business
students,newdelhi:dorling kindersely,2000