Presentation by Henry Neufeldt at the World Congress on Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest Systems, 3rd international symposium on integrated crop-livestock systems. Brazil, July 2015
Keynote presentation by Philip Thornton, CCAFS Flagship Leader on Priorities and Policies for CSA, at the 3rd Conference on Agriculture and Climate Change in Budapest on 25 March 2019.
Rising to the challenge of establishing a climate smart agriculture - a global context presented as keynote in the Workshop on Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Asia workshop, organised by CCAFS, UNEP and IRRI.
Diversity has several benefits. Four approaches were discussed for modeling future scenarios around food and agriculture: Agrimonde Terra, Foodsecure, SIMPLE, and analyzing economic growth convergence. Agrimonde Terra found that with sustainable intensification and agroecology, global food needs could be met while stabilizing climate change and increasing ecosystem services. However, an insecure access to land could lead to a dual system, runaway climate change, and poor health outcomes. Foodsecure developed four scenarios around changing food prices. SIMPLE used Monte Carlo analysis to show a likely decline in food prices but potential for increases with certain productivity or demographic changes. Analyzing economic growth convergence matters, as faster growth in developing countries could significantly increase
The document discusses several topics related to climate change and agroforestry:
1. It outlines two research groups focusing on adaptation and mitigation of climate change through agroforestry.
2. It summarizes some of the impacts of climate change on agroforestry species and economic activities as well as limits to adaptation.
3. It also briefly discusses the contributions of agriculture and land use to greenhouse gas emissions and benefits of trees on farms.
Presentation on the rapid evidence review findings and key take away messages.
Current evidence for biodiversity and agriculture to achieve and bridging gaps in research and investment to reach multiple global goals.
Bridging the gap: sustainable forests, agriculture and food securityCIFOR-ICRAF
Terry Sunderland, Principal Scientist & Team Leader, Sustainable Landscapes and Food Systems
PEFC Conference: ”Sustainable Landscapes, Sustainable Livelihoods”
Bali, 17th November 2016
Mehmood Hassan and Patti Kristjanson of ICRAF and CCAFS respectively presented a paper titled "CGIAR reform and approaches to climate smart innovations that ensure farmer needs are incorporated & addressed in
research" at the ITAACC Final International Workshop, (ICIPE) Nairobi May 8-9, 2014.
This document discusses metrics for measuring progress on climate resilience in agricultural systems and value chains. It provides an overview of challenges in operationalizing resilience, proposes a pragmatic definition focused on enhancing adaptive capacity, and suggests indicators. Key recommendations include: (1) focus on assessing interventions that enhance resilience capacities rather than directly measuring resilience; (2) integrate resilience metrics with existing monitoring where possible; (3) examine interventions in terms of the shocks addressed, target outcomes, and how capacities are strengthened. A suite of indicators is presented relating to production systems, socioeconomics, and policy.
Keynote presentation by Philip Thornton, CCAFS Flagship Leader on Priorities and Policies for CSA, at the 3rd Conference on Agriculture and Climate Change in Budapest on 25 March 2019.
Rising to the challenge of establishing a climate smart agriculture - a global context presented as keynote in the Workshop on Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Asia workshop, organised by CCAFS, UNEP and IRRI.
Diversity has several benefits. Four approaches were discussed for modeling future scenarios around food and agriculture: Agrimonde Terra, Foodsecure, SIMPLE, and analyzing economic growth convergence. Agrimonde Terra found that with sustainable intensification and agroecology, global food needs could be met while stabilizing climate change and increasing ecosystem services. However, an insecure access to land could lead to a dual system, runaway climate change, and poor health outcomes. Foodsecure developed four scenarios around changing food prices. SIMPLE used Monte Carlo analysis to show a likely decline in food prices but potential for increases with certain productivity or demographic changes. Analyzing economic growth convergence matters, as faster growth in developing countries could significantly increase
The document discusses several topics related to climate change and agroforestry:
1. It outlines two research groups focusing on adaptation and mitigation of climate change through agroforestry.
2. It summarizes some of the impacts of climate change on agroforestry species and economic activities as well as limits to adaptation.
3. It also briefly discusses the contributions of agriculture and land use to greenhouse gas emissions and benefits of trees on farms.
Presentation on the rapid evidence review findings and key take away messages.
Current evidence for biodiversity and agriculture to achieve and bridging gaps in research and investment to reach multiple global goals.
Bridging the gap: sustainable forests, agriculture and food securityCIFOR-ICRAF
Terry Sunderland, Principal Scientist & Team Leader, Sustainable Landscapes and Food Systems
PEFC Conference: ”Sustainable Landscapes, Sustainable Livelihoods”
Bali, 17th November 2016
Mehmood Hassan and Patti Kristjanson of ICRAF and CCAFS respectively presented a paper titled "CGIAR reform and approaches to climate smart innovations that ensure farmer needs are incorporated & addressed in
research" at the ITAACC Final International Workshop, (ICIPE) Nairobi May 8-9, 2014.
This document discusses metrics for measuring progress on climate resilience in agricultural systems and value chains. It provides an overview of challenges in operationalizing resilience, proposes a pragmatic definition focused on enhancing adaptive capacity, and suggests indicators. Key recommendations include: (1) focus on assessing interventions that enhance resilience capacities rather than directly measuring resilience; (2) integrate resilience metrics with existing monitoring where possible; (3) examine interventions in terms of the shocks addressed, target outcomes, and how capacities are strengthened. A suite of indicators is presented relating to production systems, socioeconomics, and policy.
The document provides an overview of options for greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture. It discusses:
1) Agriculture contributes significantly to global emissions and reductions are necessary to meet climate targets. Many mitigation practices are compatible with sustainable development goals.
2) Key greenhouse gases from agriculture include methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide. Soils can also store carbon.
3) Common mitigation practices discussed include alternate wetting and drying of rice fields, livestock management improvements, efficient fertilizer use, agroforestry, and reducing food loss and waste.
4) The EX-ACT tool is introduced as a way to estimate and compare emissions between baseline and project scenarios to identify mitigation opportunities in agriculture
The document discusses the challenges of climate change and ensuring global food security. It argues that agriculture must be appropriately integrated into climate change agreements to address both climate change in the context of food security and food security in the context of climate change. Climate change is projected to reduce production of key crops like rice, maize and wheat by 2050 according to the models discussed, which could significantly increase food prices and malnutrition. Investments in agricultural adaptation and mitigation totaling $7 billion annually are needed to counteract the effects of climate change.
Presentation by Jeremy Bird, DG, International Water Management Institute, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013 in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Presentation by Pramod Aggarwal at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Africa and policies to promote food security and mitigate climate change through agriculture. It finds that climate change will significantly reduce crop yields but economic factors can lessen the impacts. Existing climate-smart agriculture practices can help increase production and reduce hunger and emissions to some degree. However, greater investment in technologies, irrigation, and research are needed to provide full adaptation and mitigation. The same policies that promote agricultural growth, like research and irrigation investment, also support climate goals when focused on efficiency. Africa could achieve climate-smart growth through agricultural emissions reductions paired with reduced deforestation.
This document provides a summary of research on managed grazing and its potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. It discusses four main areas of study on managed grazing: implementation techniques, grazing methods, impacts on flora and fauna, and greenhouse gas mitigation potential. It also examines socioeconomic factors and provides recommendations for implementing managed grazing, including establishing investment needs, converting land in phases, training farm hands, and creating cyclical management plans. Key areas for further research are identified.
Climate-smart food systems
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Improving estimates of GHG emission factors from livestock production systems...ILRI
In sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture is estimated to account for over 60% of GHG emissions, primarily due to land use change and enteric methane production in ruminants; and over 80% of agriculture (both area and production) is smallholder systems. No empirical studies on enteric CH4 emissions and very few studies on GHG emissions from soils in these systems have been conducted. This study sampled 60 farms in western Kenya using static chambers (3 reps) and analyzed soils once for total C/N content, BD and texture and 4 times for soil IN concentration.
This document summarizes climate-smart agriculture (CSA) options for mixed crop-livestock systems in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the importance of these systems for food security now and in the future given population growth. Several CSA practices are presented and evaluated based on their potential impacts on production, resilience, mitigation, feasibility, and adoption constraints. The analysis finds that CSA options often involve trade-offs. Additionally, broad-brush targeting of interventions is not appropriate given context-specific impacts. Improving the evidence base and addressing adoption constraints will help scale up promising CSA practices.
Climate change and food systems: Global modeling to inform decision makingCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
1. The Global Futures and Strategic Foresight program aims to improve quantitative modeling tools to inform priority setting in the CGIAR through scenario analysis and impact assessment.
2. The program involves all 15 CGIAR centers and other partners in building an integrated modeling framework and stronger community of practice for foresight.
3. The objectives are to improve modeling tools, strengthen the foresight community, improve assessments of alternative global futures, and inform research, investment, and policy decisions through collective scenario analysis.
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on Kenya, including rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and potential impacts on maize yields and child malnutrition. It also examines opportunities for agricultural mitigation activities like improved soil and livestock management, as well as synergies and tradeoffs between adaptation and mitigation efforts. Farmer surveys found awareness of links between agriculture and climate change, but less understanding of soil-based mitigation options. Developing irrigation, extension services, and capital access could support both adaptation and mitigation.
Presentation by Prof. Dr. Chinwe IFEJIKA SPERANZA. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
Adapting Livestock Production System to Climate Change in Nepal (Durga D. Pou...Colorado State University
A talk presented by Dr. Durga Poudel, Project Leader of the LCC CRSP SLPS Project (http://lcccrsp.org/projects/central-asia/slps/), to the School of Geosciences at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette on September 20, 2011.
The triennial conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) provides a platform for the Global Futures and Strategic Foresight (GFSF) teams of the CGIAR centers to showcase their work. The first symposium organized by these teams was on ‘Bio-economic modeling to assess options for enhancing food security under climate change in the developing world’ and it took place during the 29th IAAE conference in Brazil in 2012. The teams came again together in 2015 to organize a second symposium on ‘Interpreting results from using bio-economic modeling for global and regional ex ante impact assessment’ at the 30th IAAE conference which took place in Milan on August 8-14, 2015.
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is important for food security, adaptation, and mitigation of climate change. CSA aims to achieve food security under changing climate conditions through practices that sustainably increase productivity, resilience (adaptation), and reduce greenhouse gases (mitigation). While research has identified over 120,000 data points on CSA practices, studies analyzing all three components of CSA are still limited. Developing comprehensive CSA plans requires assessing vulnerability and risks, prioritizing appropriate practices and programs, and establishing enabling policies and investment to take CSA to scale.
This document summarizes a study exploring the interplay between forest conservation, food security, and commodity production in tropical forest landscapes. The study uses a nested, three-level design to examine three land use zones - forest, rubber agroforestry, and oil palm plantation - in Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia. Field methods include household surveys, biodiversity surveys, and assessments of ecosystem services, agriculture, livelihoods, and nutrition. The goal is to provide empirical evidence to inform debates around land sparing versus land sharing, and advance understanding of agricultural landscapes as socio-ecological systems. Preliminary results suggest that increasing agricultural production alone may not ensure food security or livelihoods.
Climate Information for Mitigation and AdaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Walther E. Baethgen asks and answers some of the most important questions concerning climate change:
Adaptation to What?
What Can We Expect?
What Mitigation options are likely to succeed?
Also it presents many interesting scenarios all related to climate change: for example how it would affect socioeconomics and vice versa.
Presentation by Claudia Ringler, Hartwig Kremer and Cheikh Mbow at the UNEA Science Policy Interface, May 19-20
Presentation focuses on the concept of the water, food and energy nexus and its importance within the development context. It also provides a number of cases highlighting nexus issues.
The document provides an overview of options for greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture. It discusses:
1) Agriculture contributes significantly to global emissions and reductions are necessary to meet climate targets. Many mitigation practices are compatible with sustainable development goals.
2) Key greenhouse gases from agriculture include methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide. Soils can also store carbon.
3) Common mitigation practices discussed include alternate wetting and drying of rice fields, livestock management improvements, efficient fertilizer use, agroforestry, and reducing food loss and waste.
4) The EX-ACT tool is introduced as a way to estimate and compare emissions between baseline and project scenarios to identify mitigation opportunities in agriculture
The document discusses the challenges of climate change and ensuring global food security. It argues that agriculture must be appropriately integrated into climate change agreements to address both climate change in the context of food security and food security in the context of climate change. Climate change is projected to reduce production of key crops like rice, maize and wheat by 2050 according to the models discussed, which could significantly increase food prices and malnutrition. Investments in agricultural adaptation and mitigation totaling $7 billion annually are needed to counteract the effects of climate change.
Presentation by Jeremy Bird, DG, International Water Management Institute, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013 in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Presentation by Pramod Aggarwal at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Africa and policies to promote food security and mitigate climate change through agriculture. It finds that climate change will significantly reduce crop yields but economic factors can lessen the impacts. Existing climate-smart agriculture practices can help increase production and reduce hunger and emissions to some degree. However, greater investment in technologies, irrigation, and research are needed to provide full adaptation and mitigation. The same policies that promote agricultural growth, like research and irrigation investment, also support climate goals when focused on efficiency. Africa could achieve climate-smart growth through agricultural emissions reductions paired with reduced deforestation.
This document provides a summary of research on managed grazing and its potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. It discusses four main areas of study on managed grazing: implementation techniques, grazing methods, impacts on flora and fauna, and greenhouse gas mitigation potential. It also examines socioeconomic factors and provides recommendations for implementing managed grazing, including establishing investment needs, converting land in phases, training farm hands, and creating cyclical management plans. Key areas for further research are identified.
Climate-smart food systems
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Improving estimates of GHG emission factors from livestock production systems...ILRI
In sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture is estimated to account for over 60% of GHG emissions, primarily due to land use change and enteric methane production in ruminants; and over 80% of agriculture (both area and production) is smallholder systems. No empirical studies on enteric CH4 emissions and very few studies on GHG emissions from soils in these systems have been conducted. This study sampled 60 farms in western Kenya using static chambers (3 reps) and analyzed soils once for total C/N content, BD and texture and 4 times for soil IN concentration.
This document summarizes climate-smart agriculture (CSA) options for mixed crop-livestock systems in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the importance of these systems for food security now and in the future given population growth. Several CSA practices are presented and evaluated based on their potential impacts on production, resilience, mitigation, feasibility, and adoption constraints. The analysis finds that CSA options often involve trade-offs. Additionally, broad-brush targeting of interventions is not appropriate given context-specific impacts. Improving the evidence base and addressing adoption constraints will help scale up promising CSA practices.
Climate change and food systems: Global modeling to inform decision makingCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
1. The Global Futures and Strategic Foresight program aims to improve quantitative modeling tools to inform priority setting in the CGIAR through scenario analysis and impact assessment.
2. The program involves all 15 CGIAR centers and other partners in building an integrated modeling framework and stronger community of practice for foresight.
3. The objectives are to improve modeling tools, strengthen the foresight community, improve assessments of alternative global futures, and inform research, investment, and policy decisions through collective scenario analysis.
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on Kenya, including rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and potential impacts on maize yields and child malnutrition. It also examines opportunities for agricultural mitigation activities like improved soil and livestock management, as well as synergies and tradeoffs between adaptation and mitigation efforts. Farmer surveys found awareness of links between agriculture and climate change, but less understanding of soil-based mitigation options. Developing irrigation, extension services, and capital access could support both adaptation and mitigation.
Presentation by Prof. Dr. Chinwe IFEJIKA SPERANZA. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
Adapting Livestock Production System to Climate Change in Nepal (Durga D. Pou...Colorado State University
A talk presented by Dr. Durga Poudel, Project Leader of the LCC CRSP SLPS Project (http://lcccrsp.org/projects/central-asia/slps/), to the School of Geosciences at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette on September 20, 2011.
The triennial conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) provides a platform for the Global Futures and Strategic Foresight (GFSF) teams of the CGIAR centers to showcase their work. The first symposium organized by these teams was on ‘Bio-economic modeling to assess options for enhancing food security under climate change in the developing world’ and it took place during the 29th IAAE conference in Brazil in 2012. The teams came again together in 2015 to organize a second symposium on ‘Interpreting results from using bio-economic modeling for global and regional ex ante impact assessment’ at the 30th IAAE conference which took place in Milan on August 8-14, 2015.
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is important for food security, adaptation, and mitigation of climate change. CSA aims to achieve food security under changing climate conditions through practices that sustainably increase productivity, resilience (adaptation), and reduce greenhouse gases (mitigation). While research has identified over 120,000 data points on CSA practices, studies analyzing all three components of CSA are still limited. Developing comprehensive CSA plans requires assessing vulnerability and risks, prioritizing appropriate practices and programs, and establishing enabling policies and investment to take CSA to scale.
This document summarizes a study exploring the interplay between forest conservation, food security, and commodity production in tropical forest landscapes. The study uses a nested, three-level design to examine three land use zones - forest, rubber agroforestry, and oil palm plantation - in Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia. Field methods include household surveys, biodiversity surveys, and assessments of ecosystem services, agriculture, livelihoods, and nutrition. The goal is to provide empirical evidence to inform debates around land sparing versus land sharing, and advance understanding of agricultural landscapes as socio-ecological systems. Preliminary results suggest that increasing agricultural production alone may not ensure food security or livelihoods.
Climate Information for Mitigation and AdaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Walther E. Baethgen asks and answers some of the most important questions concerning climate change:
Adaptation to What?
What Can We Expect?
What Mitigation options are likely to succeed?
Also it presents many interesting scenarios all related to climate change: for example how it would affect socioeconomics and vice versa.
Presentation by Claudia Ringler, Hartwig Kremer and Cheikh Mbow at the UNEA Science Policy Interface, May 19-20
Presentation focuses on the concept of the water, food and energy nexus and its importance within the development context. It also provides a number of cases highlighting nexus issues.
Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security CCAFS CIATCIAT
CCAFS aims to help agriculture and food systems adapt to and mitigate climate change through research. It has 4 themes: 1) adaptation to progressive climate change through technologies, practices and policies; 2) adaptation through managing climate risk at farm and food system levels; 3) pro-poor climate change mitigation; and 4) integration for decision making. Research is conducted in 3 focus regions - Indo-Gangetic Plains, West Africa, and East Africa - home to over 1 billion people dependent on agriculture. The goals are to close yield gaps, develop new adaptation strategies, and enable supportive policies and institutions from farm to national levels to strengthen food security under climate change.
What will it take to establish a climate smart agricultural world? Presentation on the problems, solutions and key challenges in Climate Smart Agriculture. Presentation made in the Wayamba Conference in Sri Lanka, August 2014.
The document discusses using climate analogues to help understand and plan for climate change impacts. It describes finding current locations with climates similar to projected future climates elsewhere, to learn from existing conditions. As an example, it identifies Fakara, Niger as analogous to the future climate projected for Kaffrine, Senegal based on temperature and rainfall data. Crop yield data from Fakara and other analogue sites can help estimate impacts on crops in Kaffrine under climate change. The analogue approach provides real-world examples to validate models and identify adaptation strategies.
By Bruce Campbell, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. Presented on 25 October 2013 at the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences (SLU). Watch the recording at http://youtu.be/krBoz2uLUV8
Presented by Andy Jarvis (CCAFS-CIAT, Theme Leader Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change) at the Seminar on CRP7: Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), ILRI, Nairobi, 12 May 2011.
Provides an overview of the CCAFS-CGIAR Research Program with introductions to the themes and horizon for exciting multi-centre science.
GFPR 2022 Nigeria June 23 _Report Overview and Policy Messages.pptxOmobolanle3
The document discusses the threats that climate change poses to global food systems and sustainability. It notes that climate change is exacerbating malnutrition and food insecurity through higher temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and more extreme weather. These impacts include reduced agricultural productivity, disrupted food supply chains, and displaced communities. The document calls for transformations to make food systems more resilient and adaptive to climate change through innovations, supportive policies, stakeholder collaboration, and other measures. It provides policy recommendations focused on areas like R&D, social protection programs, sustainable production and diets, and redirecting financial flows to support climate-smart food systems.
Policies and finance to scale-up Climate-Smart Livestock SystemsILRI
Presented by William Sutton, Pierre Gerber, Leah Germer, Félix Teillard, Clark Halpern, Benjamin Henderson, Michael Mcleod and Lee Cando at the Programme for Climate-Smart Livestock systems Closing Event, 13 September 2022
The document discusses a potential work program on agriculture under the UNFCCC Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA). It outlines some of the key issues that would need to be addressed in developing such a work program, including defining its scope and focus areas. Some divergent views among parties are also identified, such as whether the focus should be on adaptation with mitigation co-benefits or distinguishing between large-scale and small-scale agriculture. The document concludes by considering the feasibility of SBSTA establishing a work program and some initial elements it could include, such as reviewing existing literature, identifying technical gaps, and developing tools to measure vulnerability and greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.
Scaling up Climate Smart Agriculture: policies, development, adaptation and ...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document discusses scaling up climate-smart agriculture practices to help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector and help farmers adapt to climate change. It provides examples of climate-smart practices for different crops, livestock, and natural resource management. These practices can help reduce emissions, improve yields, increase resilience, and improve food security and incomes for smallholder farmers. However, adoption of new practices faces barriers such as insecure land tenure, lack of access to information, training and farm equipment. Providing an enabling environment can help overcome these barriers and scale up climate-smart agriculture.
Johan Swinnen and Channing Arndt
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Africa Discussion of IFPRI’s 2022 Global Food Policy Report Climate Change & Food Systems
IFPRI Africa Regional Office
Water-Food-Energy: well-being indicators for a better quality of life - Fabio...WWF ITALIA
This document discusses linking the water-food-energy nexus to well-being indicators for a better quality of life. It proposes a framework to analyze the nexus through domains of well-being like health, environment, labor and economic well-being. The nexus is shown to have direct impacts on health and the environment, and quasi-direct impacts on labor and economic well-being. Drivers like education, research, politics and quality of services can impact the nexus and domains of well-being. Features from Italy are provided as examples, like food and environmental pyramids, and data on health, land use, employment and income. The conclusion is that effective nexus management can strongly affect well-being by
The document discusses the challenges of climate change for agriculture and food security. As the concentration of greenhouse gases rises, crop suitability and yields are already changing, threatening food security. To meet growing demands, food production will need to increase by 60-70% by 2050. Left unchecked, climate change could result in 20% more malnourished children by 2050. The document outlines the research objectives and activities of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) to help adapt agriculture to climate change and reduce poverty through low-carbon pathways.
Scenario workshop honduras zamorano irbio 24 may 2011 wv rMildred_Lagos
The document discusses land use scenario development for climate change adaptation and mitigation. It provides background on scenarios, describing them as plausible stories about how the future may unfold based on assumptions. Scenarios are not predictions or projections. The document then discusses different types of scenarios and their purposes from environmental and social science perspectives. It provides an example of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenario process and outcomes. Finally, it discusses linking scenarios to models and participation.
Scenario workshop honduras zamorano irbio 24 may 2011 wv rMildred_Lagos
This document discusses land use scenario development for climate change adaptation and mitigation. It provides an overview of scenarios, including their purposes and types. Scenarios are plausible stories about how the future may unfold based on assumptions, and are not forecasts or predictions. They can address complex issues and uncertainties in an integrated manner. The document discusses examples of global assessments that use scenarios, including the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and OECD Environmental Outlook. It describes how scenarios can incorporate quantitative modeling and qualitative analysis at multiple scales from global to local.
Similar to Research needs for the advancement of integrated crop-livestock-tree uses (20)
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
The DryDev programme aimed to transform lives and landscapes in dryland areas through sustainable rural development. Over six years, it worked with over 164,000 smallholder farmers across five countries in Africa. Key achievements included rehabilitating over 163,000 hectares of land through watershed management and planting over 4.6 million trees. It also increased food security and incomes by expanding irrigation to over 16,000 hectares, utilizing over 950 water harvesting structures, and promoting climate-smart agricultural practices on over 60,000 hectares.
This document discusses measuring biodiversity on farmland. It notes that 60% of ecosystem services have been impaired and over 20% of global agricultural land is degraded. Assessing farmland biodiversity is challenging due to high spatial variability. Protocols for landscape-scale assessment include measuring land cover, trees, birds, and modeling remote sensing data with ground calibration. Optional protocols examine linear tree features, pollinators, natural enemies, and soil organisms. A farmland biodiversity score is proposed that weighs biomass, spectral diversity, neighborhood effects, and slope/proximity to water.
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses funding gaps and principles for successful financing of nature-based solutions (NBS) such as land restoration projects in Africa. It notes that while the Bonn Challenge and New York declaration on Forests call for $350 billion and $830 billion respectively for restoration, actual funding leaves large gaps. It advocates for bridging these gaps through public-private partnerships and prioritizing long-term sustainability over short-term profits. Six principles are outlined for financing NBS, including ensuring social and environmental safeguards, monitoring impacts, and directing funds toward low-carbon development in developing countries. The Regreening Africa program addresses livelihoods, biodiversity and climate change through land restoration projects across eight African nations.
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses agroforestry systems for environmental restoration in Brazil that balance social and ecological functions. It outlines that agroforestry can: (1) maintain ecosystem structure/functions like biodiversity and soil quality while providing social/economic functions for family farms; (2) perform restoration in an economically feasible way by including people and accelerating natural succession; and (3) improve livelihoods through appropriate management. However, balancing trade-offs between social/environmental benefits and costs is challenging. The document then provides examples of agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil and their costs, benefits for climate change adaptation/mitigation, food security, and carbon storage potential.
This document discusses the vulnerability of forest-dependent people and forests to climate change. It notes that over 1 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods, while 1 billion hectares of land are under agroforestry worldwide. Climate change poses direct risks like increased temperatures and wildfires, and indirect risks through impacts on species and ecosystems. Potential transition issues from policies like REDD+ could negatively impact land and tree rights of indigenous groups. The document argues that comprehensive vulnerability assessments are needed using qualitative and quantitative methods to understand all vulnerabilities, include stakeholders, and identify good practices to address risks to forests and forest-dependent communities from climate change.
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Species distribution modelling is being used to map the habitats of over 150 priority African plant species. More advanced modelling methods are being used to reduce bias, including spatial folding and thinning. Presence observations from across Africa are being used to calibrate provisional distribution models for individual species in countries like Ethiopia. The results will then be verified by botanists and combined with vegetation mapping data.
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document discusses approaches to achieving sustainable cocoa production in Ghana by 2020. It identifies several challenges in the cocoa sector including low productivity, rural poverty, and deforestation. It analyzes different stakeholder approaches and finds they mainly focus on increased productivity, while social and environmental issues are addressed less. Inclusive business models include many smallholder farmers but benefits are not always equitable. Responsible finance from impact investors and social lenders has potential to leverage more equitable models and landscape restoration, but investments have not been well adapted for cocoa sectors. A "multi-chain approach" is proposed to better leverage finance through a portfolio of value chains at the landscape level.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
The document discusses several projects aimed at improving agricultural outcomes through agroforestry. It describes a project in Uganda that introduced fodder shrubs to improve milk yields, which increased yields significantly. It is now scaling this approach in Kenya and Malawi through farmer cooperatives. Another project aims to better understand farmers' livelihood aspirations to customize technologies to their goals. A final project focuses on improving diets and health through diversifying crops and developing new food value chains. The document emphasizes the need for meaningful diagnosis, strong intervention design, credible evidence gathering, and efficient delivery to accelerate research impact on poverty, food insecurity, and environmental issues.
1) The document discusses watershed development projects in India, focusing on the state of Uttar Pradesh. It outlines the history and increasing scale of watershed programs in India over time from the 1960s to present.
2) Key data presented includes groundwater usage increasing dramatically from 25 km3 in 1960 to 250-300 km3 in 2009, and the number of bore wells increasing from 1 million to 20 million over the same period. Watershed programs have led to increased benefit-cost ratios, rates of return, and agricultural incomes.
3) The document then focuses on the Doubling Farmers' Income project targeting watershed interventions across several districts in Bundelkhand region of UP. It outlines strategies
NRM Innovations for Risk Management and Agricultural Transformation in Semiar...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document summarizes natural resource management innovations in semi-arid East African highlands. It discusses (1) managing extreme events like drought and flood to ensure sustainable ecosystem services and support livelihoods, (2) increasing and sustaining agricultural productivity through investments in NRM, and (3) two examples of NRM innovations - community-based watershed management in Ethiopia and using water spreading weirs to build resilience to climate risks in Ethiopia through a partnership between GIZ, ICRISAT, and local universities. The document also discusses the impacts of these innovations, including increased food security, higher crop yields, and institutional impacts like the site becoming a learning center that influenced regional soil and water conservation policies.
This document discusses land restoration efforts in Niger. It describes the land degradation issues facing the West Africa Sahel region due to fragile ecosystems and unsustainable agricultural practices. Various integrated land management techniques are being implemented and tested, including Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR), cereal/legume intercropping, microdosing of fertilizers, and restoring degraded lands. These techniques are improving soil fertility and crop yields when combined. The document outlines several partnerships working to scale these efforts across Niger, including restoring over 175 hectares of degraded land managed by 11,970 women generating more income. There is growing demand from farmers and partners to expand training and testing of integrated packages to improve livelihoods and food security.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Research needs for the advancement of integrated crop-livestock-tree uses
1. Research
needs
for
the
advancement
of
integrated
crop-‐
livestock-‐tree
systems
Henry
Neufeldt
World
Agroforestry
Centre
(ICRAF)
2.
3.
4.
5. Nutritional content of global
cereal supply has declined as
production has increased
since 1960.
DeFries et al. Science 2015;349:238-240
Published by AAAS
Intensifica<on
has
spared
18
to
27
million
hectares
that
would
have
been
required
to
produce
the
same
amount
of
cereals
with
yields
equivalent
to
those
in
the
mid-‐1960s.
But
intensifica<on
can
exacerbate
land-‐clearing
in
the
absence
of
appropriate
policies
and
enforcement.
Moreover,
intensifica<on
relies
on
high
inputs
of
energy,
fer<lizer,
pes<cides,
and
water.
7. • Farmers
most
interested
in
reducing
food
insecurity
• No
long-‐
or
medium-‐term
planning
possible
under
food
insecure
situa<on
• Tree
plan<ng
(and
other
investments
in
livelihood
improvements)
only
aTer
basic
food
security
is
guaranteed
• Food
insecurity
rose
by
at
least
one
month
(above
on
average
3
months)
during
drought
and
flooding
• Coping
strategies
lead
into
‘poverty
trap’
• Agroforestry
reduced
food
insecurity
by
about
1
month
All
#s
in
%
Reduce
Quan<ty,
Quality
or
#
of
meals
Comm-‐
unity
or
family
support
Help
from
Gov,
NGO,
Church
Borrow
money
Casual
Labor
Sell
possess-‐
ions
or
livestock
Consume
Seeds
Children
a^end
school
less
Lower
Nyando
85
30
42
32
28
72
72
38
Middle
Nyando
38
23
18
37.5
25
40
61
12.5
Farmer
climate
coping
strategies
Thorlakson
and
Neufeldt
2012
11. What
will
we
call
the
boundaries
of
Safe(r)
opera8ng
spaces
for
the
food
systems?
Beddington
et
al,
2012.
Science
And
how
will
we
nest
scales
effec<vely
and
efficiently?
12. Short
term
Long
term
Food
security
Mi<ga<on
Adapta<on
Small
scales
Large
scales
Climate-‐smart
agriculture
Efficiency
Fairness
Food
Systems
13. Presenter
ICLT
systems/
prac8ces
Labor
demand
Land
area
available
Degree
of
mechaniza8on
Scalability?
Luis
Alvarez
Welchez
Sistema
Quesungual
High
Low
Low
Low?
Tilahun
Amede
CLS
in
SSA
Rainwater
management
Micro
dosing
High
High
High
Medium
Low
L
to
H
Low
Low
to
high
Low
Medium?
High
High
Paulo
Herrmann
iLPF
(ICLF)
in
Brazil
Low
High
High
High
Muhammad
Ibrahim
Live
fences
Mul<strata
systems
Silvopastoral
systems
Medium
High
High
Low
Low
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Medium
Low
Medium?
Paul
Burges
Dehasa
Montado
Bocage
Wood
pastures
Intercropping
Grazed
orchards
Alley
cropping
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium?
Medium
High
14. Sustainability Challenges – Land Use
Food vs. Fuel
Pastoral Land Use
Biodiversity
Watershed
Land Use – Socioeconomic & Environmental Sustainability
15. Innova8on
and
food
security
Rela<onship
between
innova<veness
(number
of
farming
system
changes)
and
household
food
security
(number
of
food
deficit
months).
Error
bars
indicate
the
95%
confidence
interval
of
the
mean
Kristjanson
et
al
2012
16. Financial
benefits
of
no-‐<ll
wheat
produc<on
in
northern
Kasakhstan
Derpsch
et
al
2010
19. Constraints:
insecure
tenure
Economic,
Environmental
and
Social
Impacts
Unadjud
Freehold
Tenure
Effect
Net
returns
to
land
($
ha-‐1
y-‐1
)
$126
$288
2.28
Woody
crops,
woodlots
etc
(ha
km-‐2
)
5.4
25.6
4.7
Hedgerows
(km
km-‐2
)
5.2
23.6
4.5
Social
cost
from
embedding
-‐$40
$30
$70
Social
"tax"
-‐32%
+10%
Norton-‐Griffiths
2012
20. Priority
Ac8ons:
v Improve
networking
and
partnership
building
for
climate
adapta<on
along
the
value
chain
by
strengthening
exis<ng
plaoorms
at
all
levels
and
explore
the
role
of
market
incen<ves
in
suppor<ng
such
ac<vi<es,
v Develop
new,
flexible
financial
products
to
support
climate-‐resilient
and
inclusive
agro-‐value
chains
through
capacity
building
and
innova<ve
public-‐private
partnerships,
v I n v e s t
i n
c l i m a t e -‐ r e s i l i e n t
infrastructures
such
as
roads,
irriga<on
systems,
storage
facili<es
and
telecommunica<ons
should
remain
a
top
priority
to
support
agro-‐value
chain
development
and
build
produc<ve
capaci<es
in
a
changing
climate.
CRCV
ini<a<ve
Value
chains:
a
case
of
climate-‐resilient
coffee
(2)
25. – Moving
from
sex
disaggregated
diagnos<c
research
towards
informing,
catalyzing
and
targe<ng
adapta<on
and
mi<ga<on
solu<ons
to
women
– Finding:
Gender
norms
must
be
addressed
to
achieve
the
UN
Sustainable
Development
Goals
Gender
and
inclusion
for
resilience
26. • Can
we
predict
what
makes
integrated
crop-‐livestock-‐tree
systems
scalable?
• How
can
we
incen<vize
the
adop<on
of
ICLTS
through
horizontal
and
ver<cal
scaling?
• What
are
the
metrics
we
need
to
characterize
system
proper<es
at
appropriate
scales?
• How
can
we
support
decision-‐makers
(at
all
relevant
scales)
in
making
be^er
decisions?
29. GHG
mi<ga<on
through
agroforestry
by
regions
Region
Annual
rate
2000-‐2010
2011-‐2030
(Mt
CO2/yr)
(Mt
CO2)
(Mt
CO2)
North
America
24.6
270
491
Central
America
10.1
111
201
South
America
157.3
1,730
3,145
Europe
7.2
79
144
N
Africa
+
W
Asia
2.7
29
53
Sub-‐Saharan
Africa
10.0
110
201
N
+
Central
Asia
-‐4.0
-‐44
-‐79
South
Asia
23.5
258
469
South-‐East
Asia
23.8
262
477
East
Asia
36.2
398
723
Oceania
19.2
211
384
Globe
262.8
2,891
5,256
%
Gt
CO2/yr
0
0.26
20
0.37
25
0.39
30
0.41
50
0.47
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35. "The
landscape
approach
has
been
championed
by
organiza<ons
ac<ve
in
the
development
and
conserva<on
sectors
for
many
years,
though
the
concept
has
been
slow
to
migrate
into
mainstream
corporate
thinking.
Now
this
report
from
the
Landscape
for
People,
Food
and
Nature
Ini<a<ve,
sets
out
a
case
for
companies
to
think
about
their
business
in
landscape
terms."
-‐
José
Lopez,
Execu?ve
Vice
President,
Opera?ons,
Nestlé
S.A.
Connec<ng
commodi<es
to
landscapes
through
public-‐private-‐civic
partnerships
SBSTA
40,
6
June
2014
Gabrielle Kissinger
Lexeme Consulting
36. Agribusinesses
and
food
sector
response
to
sustainability
risks
from
field
to
landscape
Connec<ng
commodi<es
to
landscapes
through
public-‐private-‐civic
partnerships
SBSTA
40,
6
June
2014
Gabrielle Kissinger
Lexeme Consulting
44. INSTITUTIONAL
CAPACITY
AGROECOSYSTEM
ASSETS
Mi<ga<on
Economic
changes
Buffer
filter
Abundant
Limited
Fragile
Robust
Strong
Weak
External
drivers,
hasards
and
exposure
PATHWAY
Time
1
à
Time
2
SCENARIOS
A.
Different
driver
B.
Same
asset
Less
vulnerable
More
vulnerable
UNCERTAINTY
CLOUD
Indicator
-‐
AE
1
-‐
AE2
-‐
AE3
-‐
…
-‐
AEN
Indicator
-‐
A1
-‐
A2
-‐
A3
-‐
A4
-‐
…
-‐
AN
Indicator
-‐
I1
-‐
I2
-‐
I3
-‐
…
-‐
IN
Reduced
Risk
Increased
Risk
Based
on
Fraser
et
al,
2011
45. Agreement
on
goals/values
No
agreement
on
goals/values
High
uncertainty
Low
uncertainty
The
role
of
science
and
research
in
complex
systems
Straighoorward
design
Providing
arguments
Monitor
emerging
change
Collabora<ve
ac<on
research
Study
diversity
Experiment
with
mul<ple
op<ons
Extracted
from
Leeuwis,
2014
Complex
systems
thinking
46. Discovery,
tes<ng
and
implementa<on
of
mechanisms
across
scales
that
allow
for
adap<ve
management
and
adap<ve
governance
of
social-‐ecological
systems
essen<al
for
long-‐term
human
provisioning
Development
of
integrated
metrics
of
safe
space
that
are
prac<cal
and
meaningful
for
decision-‐making
by
relevant
communi<es
in
near
real
<me
Systema<c
gathering
and
integra<on
of
quality
data
and
informa<on
to
generate
knowledge
in
<me
frames
and
at
scales
relevant
for
decision-‐making
through
analy<cal
tools,
models
and
scenarios
Establishment
of
legi<mate
and
empowered
science
policy
dialogues
that
frame
post–disciplinary
science
agendas
on
local,
na<onal
and
interna<onal
scales
Key
areas
of
science
innova<on
Neufeldt
et
al
2013,
Agriculture
and
Food
Security
47. Research
for
the
advancement
of
integrated
crop-‐livestock-‐tree
systems
will
need
to
become
more
integrated,
post-‐disciplinary
and
systems
oriented