A talk presented by Dr. Durga Poudel, Project Leader of the LCC CRSP SLPS Project (http://lcccrsp.org/projects/central-asia/slps/), to the School of Geosciences at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette on September 20, 2011.
Presentation by Mario Herrero, Philip Thornton and Iain Wright to Workshop on climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the livestock sector, Kathmandu, Nepal, 28-29 October 2010.
Livestock and Climate Change - Tara Garnett, Food Climate Research Network, U...guycollender
This document summarizes livestock and dairy production's significant contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and discusses options for reducing emissions. Livestock accounts for around 15-18% of global GHG emissions. Meeting projected global demand increases in meat and dairy by 2050 without changes would be unsustainable. Technological improvements could reduce emissions by 13-30% by 2020 and 50% by 2050, but reductions in consumption are also needed to see an actual decrease in emissions. To meet UK climate targets, livestock consumption may need to be cut by 11-36% by 2020 and 48% by 2050. Approaches that focus on ecological constraints and meeting needs rather than demand are recommended.
This document discusses the role of livestock in food security, climate change, and resource use. It notes that livestock accounts for about 24% of global greenhouse gas emissions and that beef has the highest GHG intensity of various animal proteins. Rising incomes in developing countries are driving increased consumption of meat and dairy. Meeting future global food demand will require boosting productivity while reducing losses and limiting new agricultural land clearing and conversion to pasture. Improving the sustainability and efficiency of livestock production systems worldwide can help address these challenges.
Presentation by M. Herrero, P.K. Thornton, A. Notenbaert and S. Moyo to the FANRPAN Annual High Level Regional Food Security Policy Dialogue, Windhoek, Namibia, 30 August - 3 September, 2010.
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Fiona Flintan, Jason Sircely, Cesar Patino, Mireille Ferrari and Susan MacMillan at the Joint XI International Rangeland Congress and XXIV International Grassland Congress, Nairobi, Kenya (virtual), 24–30 October 2021
The transformative role of livestock in the developing worldILRI
Presented by Christopher Delgado (World Resources Institute) at the ILRI@40 side event on Livestock-based options for sustainable food systems, Des Moines, USA, 15 October 2014
Getting Farmers to improve the productivity of ruminants is a key way to improve rural livelihoods and improve food security .Farming systems that are more productive generally reduce enteric methane emissions per unit of animal product
Presentation by Mario Herrero, Philip Thornton and Iain Wright to Workshop on climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the livestock sector, Kathmandu, Nepal, 28-29 October 2010.
Livestock and Climate Change - Tara Garnett, Food Climate Research Network, U...guycollender
This document summarizes livestock and dairy production's significant contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and discusses options for reducing emissions. Livestock accounts for around 15-18% of global GHG emissions. Meeting projected global demand increases in meat and dairy by 2050 without changes would be unsustainable. Technological improvements could reduce emissions by 13-30% by 2020 and 50% by 2050, but reductions in consumption are also needed to see an actual decrease in emissions. To meet UK climate targets, livestock consumption may need to be cut by 11-36% by 2020 and 48% by 2050. Approaches that focus on ecological constraints and meeting needs rather than demand are recommended.
This document discusses the role of livestock in food security, climate change, and resource use. It notes that livestock accounts for about 24% of global greenhouse gas emissions and that beef has the highest GHG intensity of various animal proteins. Rising incomes in developing countries are driving increased consumption of meat and dairy. Meeting future global food demand will require boosting productivity while reducing losses and limiting new agricultural land clearing and conversion to pasture. Improving the sustainability and efficiency of livestock production systems worldwide can help address these challenges.
Presentation by M. Herrero, P.K. Thornton, A. Notenbaert and S. Moyo to the FANRPAN Annual High Level Regional Food Security Policy Dialogue, Windhoek, Namibia, 30 August - 3 September, 2010.
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Fiona Flintan, Jason Sircely, Cesar Patino, Mireille Ferrari and Susan MacMillan at the Joint XI International Rangeland Congress and XXIV International Grassland Congress, Nairobi, Kenya (virtual), 24–30 October 2021
The transformative role of livestock in the developing worldILRI
Presented by Christopher Delgado (World Resources Institute) at the ILRI@40 side event on Livestock-based options for sustainable food systems, Des Moines, USA, 15 October 2014
Getting Farmers to improve the productivity of ruminants is a key way to improve rural livelihoods and improve food security .Farming systems that are more productive generally reduce enteric methane emissions per unit of animal product
Drivers of change in crop-livestock systems and their potential impacts on ...ILRI
Presented by M. Herrero, P.K. Thornton, A. Notenbaert, S. Msangi, S. Wood, R. Kruska, J. Dixon, D. Bossio, J. van de Steeg, H. A. Freeman, X. Li, C. Sere, J. McDermott M. Peters and P. Parthasarathy Rao at the Nairobi Forum, ILRI, Nairobi, 21 September 2010
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Improving estimates of GHG emission factors from livestock production systems...ILRI
In sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture is estimated to account for over 60% of GHG emissions, primarily due to land use change and enteric methane production in ruminants; and over 80% of agriculture (both area and production) is smallholder systems. No empirical studies on enteric CH4 emissions and very few studies on GHG emissions from soils in these systems have been conducted. This study sampled 60 farms in western Kenya using static chambers (3 reps) and analyzed soils once for total C/N content, BD and texture and 4 times for soil IN concentration.
Climate smart agriculture and its benefits for ecosystems and food security 2...Alain Vidal
Conference given at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 17 November 2020 as part of Master CLUES (Sequence "Everyone Eating Well within Environmental Limits")
Diversity has several benefits. Four approaches were discussed for modeling future scenarios around food and agriculture: Agrimonde Terra, Foodsecure, SIMPLE, and analyzing economic growth convergence. Agrimonde Terra found that with sustainable intensification and agroecology, global food needs could be met while stabilizing climate change and increasing ecosystem services. However, an insecure access to land could lead to a dual system, runaway climate change, and poor health outcomes. Foodsecure developed four scenarios around changing food prices. SIMPLE used Monte Carlo analysis to show a likely decline in food prices but potential for increases with certain productivity or demographic changes. Analyzing economic growth convergence matters, as faster growth in developing countries could significantly increase
Impacts of climate change on livestock sector and Kenya’s preparedness on the...ILRI
Presented by Robin M. Mbae (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kenya) at the Expert panel: Sustainable solutions for the livestock sector: the time is ripe! 10th Global Forum for Food and Agriculture, Berlin, 19 January 2018
The document discusses the challenges of climate change and ensuring global food security. It argues that agriculture must be appropriately integrated into climate change agreements to address both climate change in the context of food security and food security in the context of climate change. Climate change is projected to reduce production of key crops like rice, maize and wheat by 2050 according to the models discussed, which could significantly increase food prices and malnutrition. Investments in agricultural adaptation and mitigation totaling $7 billion annually are needed to counteract the effects of climate change.
Fish breeding for future environments under climate changeExternalEvents
Fish breeding for future environments under climate change presented by Panya Sae-Lim, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
Climate-smart food systems
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) at University of Copenhagen, 13 June 2012. Visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org for more.
Presentation by Dr Mitulo Silengo from Mulungushi University, Zambia, at the Regional planning meeting on ‘Scaling-Up Climate-Smart Agricultural Solutions for Cereals and Livestock Farmers in Southern Africa – Building partnership for successful implementation’,13–15 September 2016, Johannesburg, South Africa
Presentation by Jeremy Bird, DG, International Water Management Institute, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013 in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Changes in climate affects the land and farming immensely. Due to this,the crop growth is affected and results in inadequacy of seasonal crop outcome which does not meet the demands of the living beings. Hence, Climatic change has become a chief issue to be looked forth in order to prevent further threatenings to the livelihood. I have made a gist of the existing issue on climate changes and the insecurities of food resources in India.
Keating - Sustainable intensification and the food security challenge CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Integrated crop livestock systems:A key to sustainable intensification in Af...ILRI
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Alan Duncan, Peter Thorne, Diego Valbuena, Katrien Descheemaeker, Sabine Homann-KeeTui at the 22nd International Grassland Congress, Sydney, Australia, 15−19 September 2013
Towards Sustainable Small Ruminant Production System in Response to Climate C...ACDI/VOCA
This document discusses strategies for sustainable small ruminant production systems in response to climate change in the Caribbean. It notes that climate change will negatively impact small ruminant agriculture through increased temperature, drought, and extreme weather events. This will reduce forage quality and availability, and directly stress animals through heat. The document recommends developing climate-smart farming practices like shade structures and intensive systems. It also stresses conserving genetic diversity, educating farmers, and developing regional expertise in animal agriculture to enhance food security under climate change.
Drivers of change in crop-livestock systems and their potential impacts on ...ILRI
Presented by M. Herrero, P.K. Thornton, A. Notenbaert, S. Msangi, S. Wood, R. Kruska, J. Dixon, D. Bossio, J. van de Steeg, H. A. Freeman, X. Li, C. Sere, J. McDermott M. Peters and P. Parthasarathy Rao at the Nairobi Forum, ILRI, Nairobi, 21 September 2010
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Improving estimates of GHG emission factors from livestock production systems...ILRI
In sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture is estimated to account for over 60% of GHG emissions, primarily due to land use change and enteric methane production in ruminants; and over 80% of agriculture (both area and production) is smallholder systems. No empirical studies on enteric CH4 emissions and very few studies on GHG emissions from soils in these systems have been conducted. This study sampled 60 farms in western Kenya using static chambers (3 reps) and analyzed soils once for total C/N content, BD and texture and 4 times for soil IN concentration.
Climate smart agriculture and its benefits for ecosystems and food security 2...Alain Vidal
Conference given at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 17 November 2020 as part of Master CLUES (Sequence "Everyone Eating Well within Environmental Limits")
Diversity has several benefits. Four approaches were discussed for modeling future scenarios around food and agriculture: Agrimonde Terra, Foodsecure, SIMPLE, and analyzing economic growth convergence. Agrimonde Terra found that with sustainable intensification and agroecology, global food needs could be met while stabilizing climate change and increasing ecosystem services. However, an insecure access to land could lead to a dual system, runaway climate change, and poor health outcomes. Foodsecure developed four scenarios around changing food prices. SIMPLE used Monte Carlo analysis to show a likely decline in food prices but potential for increases with certain productivity or demographic changes. Analyzing economic growth convergence matters, as faster growth in developing countries could significantly increase
Impacts of climate change on livestock sector and Kenya’s preparedness on the...ILRI
Presented by Robin M. Mbae (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kenya) at the Expert panel: Sustainable solutions for the livestock sector: the time is ripe! 10th Global Forum for Food and Agriculture, Berlin, 19 January 2018
The document discusses the challenges of climate change and ensuring global food security. It argues that agriculture must be appropriately integrated into climate change agreements to address both climate change in the context of food security and food security in the context of climate change. Climate change is projected to reduce production of key crops like rice, maize and wheat by 2050 according to the models discussed, which could significantly increase food prices and malnutrition. Investments in agricultural adaptation and mitigation totaling $7 billion annually are needed to counteract the effects of climate change.
Fish breeding for future environments under climate changeExternalEvents
Fish breeding for future environments under climate change presented by Panya Sae-Lim, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fishery and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
Climate-smart food systems
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) at University of Copenhagen, 13 June 2012. Visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org for more.
Presentation by Dr Mitulo Silengo from Mulungushi University, Zambia, at the Regional planning meeting on ‘Scaling-Up Climate-Smart Agricultural Solutions for Cereals and Livestock Farmers in Southern Africa – Building partnership for successful implementation’,13–15 September 2016, Johannesburg, South Africa
Presentation by Jeremy Bird, DG, International Water Management Institute, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013 in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Changes in climate affects the land and farming immensely. Due to this,the crop growth is affected and results in inadequacy of seasonal crop outcome which does not meet the demands of the living beings. Hence, Climatic change has become a chief issue to be looked forth in order to prevent further threatenings to the livelihood. I have made a gist of the existing issue on climate changes and the insecurities of food resources in India.
Keating - Sustainable intensification and the food security challenge CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Integrated crop livestock systems:A key to sustainable intensification in Af...ILRI
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Alan Duncan, Peter Thorne, Diego Valbuena, Katrien Descheemaeker, Sabine Homann-KeeTui at the 22nd International Grassland Congress, Sydney, Australia, 15−19 September 2013
Towards Sustainable Small Ruminant Production System in Response to Climate C...ACDI/VOCA
This document discusses strategies for sustainable small ruminant production systems in response to climate change in the Caribbean. It notes that climate change will negatively impact small ruminant agriculture through increased temperature, drought, and extreme weather events. This will reduce forage quality and availability, and directly stress animals through heat. The document recommends developing climate-smart farming practices like shade structures and intensive systems. It also stresses conserving genetic diversity, educating farmers, and developing regional expertise in animal agriculture to enhance food security under climate change.
Feeding livestock and poultry under climate changeDralisaqlain
Feeding livestock and poultry under climate change,feeding strategies for livestock and poultry under climatic stress,feed animals under climate change
This document summarizes a study on the potential impacts of climate change on water resources development in Nepal's Koshi Basin. The researchers used hydrological models to analyze current conditions and project future scenarios. Their key findings were:
1) Climate change is not expected to significantly reduce total annual water availability in the basin, but will likely increase seasonal and inter-annual variability.
2) By 2030, annual river flows are projected to decrease by 2% under one scenario and increase by 1% under another.
3) Adaptation strategies like seasonal water storage and transfer between areas will be important to manage future variability.
This document discusses a case study of climate change vulnerability in mountain agriculture in a Village Development Committee of Dolakha District, Nepal. The original proposed theme was to map vulnerability across the entire district, access perceptions and data, and explore climate change impacts and policy gaps. The theme was modified to focus on vulnerability mapping and exploring climate change impacts on agriculture in a limited study area, using additional data on land use patterns and changes, and identifying local institutions working to overcome impacts.
This document summarizes a study on green jobs in Nepal. It discusses five case studies of green jobs initiatives in the country related to organic farming, herbal medicine production, tea farming, and green infrastructure development. The study assessed these initiatives based on key components of green jobs - decent work, environmental conservation, and sustainability. It found that while the initiatives provided employment and benefited the environment, they also faced challenges in fully ensuring decent work standards and long-term financial sustainability. The document provides recommendations for improving green job opportunities in Nepal.
This document summarizes a project in Nepal that aims to scale up climate-smart agriculture practices. The project is a partnership between two research institutions, LI-BIRD and CCAFS. It is testing and promoting suitable climate-smart agriculture technologies and practices in three districts. The goal is to improve agricultural resilience and productivity while reducing emissions. It also seeks to build capacity and develop plans to scale up promising climate-smart agriculture strategies nationally.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT in NepalExternalEvents
The document discusses public-private partnerships for sustainable agricultural development in Nepal. It provides an overview of Nepal's agricultural sector, including its contribution to GDP and challenges around productivity and instability. It outlines the government's policies and programs to support agriculture. It discusses areas where public-private partnerships have been implemented successfully, as well as potential additional areas for partnership. It also notes challenges to effective public-private partnerships in Nepal and how the new Agriculture Development Strategy addresses issues like improving small farmer resilience and developing agricultural value chains.
This document summarizes the effects of global climate change on food grain production in Nepal. It finds that climate change is causing higher temperatures and more erratic rainfall patterns that are negatively impacting agricultural productivity. Droughts and floods have significantly reduced rice, maize, wheat, and other crop yields in recent years. While higher carbon dioxide levels and temperatures may slightly increase yields at higher altitudes, climate change poses serious risks to Nepal's food security overall by threatening the livelihoods of farmers and reducing stability in food production. The document recommends strategies to enhance crop resilience and agricultural practices to help Nepal adapt to the challenges presented by climate change.
Children in rural Nepal are already experiencing impacts from climate change such as floods, droughts, and landslides. This report shares the perspectives of children in Nepal on how climate change is affecting their lives, livelihoods, health, education, and emotional well-being. The children identified impacts to their families' livelihoods from changes in weather patterns and explained constraints they face in adapting. They emphasized needs like reforestation, improved agriculture, infrastructure, knowledge on climate impacts, and disaster prevention to help their communities adapt. The report recommends including children's views and needs in climate adaptation planning and ensuring children's rights to be heard, to adaptation measures, and to education are upheld in the face of climate change impacts.
The document discusses climate change impacts in the Nepal Himalaya region. It notes that climate change is affecting temperature and rainfall patterns, causing glaciers to melt at faster rates. This is negatively impacting local communities who rely on natural resources for livelihoods. Case studies from the Annapurna Conservation Area show how community-based adaptation efforts, such as alternative energy programs and agriculture diversification, are helping to build resilience. The document calls for raising awareness of climate impacts in the Himalayas on a global scale.
Food security in Martadi VDC of Bajura district, FWDR Nepalbasudevupadhyay
Elusine caracana, Setaria italic (L.), Triticum aestivum are highly potential dryland cereal crops that need to promoted with special interventions. Some humanitarian agencies with support of Government of Nepal have been playing an important role in reducing the impact of food deficiency in the region.
Climate change is having significant impacts in Nepal. Temperatures have risen by 0.06°C from 1977-2000, with greater increases at higher altitudes and in winter. Projections estimate rises of 1.4°C by 2030, 2.8°C by 2060, and 4.7°C by 2090. Precipitation trends are less certain but include more intense rainfall and variable river flows. Glaciers are retreating rapidly, increasing glacial lake outburst flood risks. Agriculture, water resources, forests, biodiversity, livestock, and health are all being affected. Nepal has developed the National Adaptation Programme of Action and Local Adaptation Plans of Action framework to help communities assess vulnerabilities
The document presents information from a presentation on biogas plants including different types of biogas plant designs, substrates used, factors that affect biogas production, and methods to calculate embodied energy and payback times. It discusses research that has been done on distributed renewable energy systems and embodied energy of building materials. Tables show data on embodied energy, net energy output, and payback times for different sized biogas plants. The conclusion is that embodied energy and payback times decrease with increasing plant size.
Sustainable animal husbandry practices for Kerala_ Dr Prem Jain (The Kerala E...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Prem Jain, Deputy Director, Animal Husbandry Department, Kerala provided information on sustainable animal husbandary practices relevant for Kerala
Moving from Flood Management to Flood ResilienceAdvisian
Register for the webinar: https://advisiannam.webex.com/advisiannam/onstage/g.php?MTID=e0a16ae626a9a24529bbade2272f71687
Are you thinking ahead? Moving from Flood Management to Resilience. Join Advisian’s Robert Larson as he discusses four key elements to flood management and proper resilience planning.
This document summarizes sustainable development, including its meaning, major components, sustainable resources, and current challenges. Sustainable development is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The major components are environmental, economic, and social. Sustainable resources discussed include solar energy, wind power, tides, hydroelectricity, and geothermal power. Current challenges to achieving sustainable development are reducing poverty and inequality while strengthening environmental protection through inclusive strategies that change consumption and production patterns.
Climate change impacts in nepal and its futureprajwal1974ad
Climate change is expected to have significant impacts in Nepal:
- Temperatures are increasing faster than the global average, with winters warming more than summers. Extreme weather events will become more common.
- Agriculture, which many depend on for livelihood, will be negatively impacted. Staple crops like rice, wheat and maize are expected to see decreased yields.
- Glacial retreat and increased glacial lake outburst floods pose catastrophic flooding risks. The frequency and size of such events are increasing.
- Other impacts include increased water-borne diseases, altered ecosystems affecting livelihoods, and substantial expected economic losses.
- Adaptation is a priority given Nepal's high vulnerability and existing low
Dr. Hari Krishna Shrestha presented on approaches to flood management and climate change in Nepal. Structural approaches like embankments face challenges due to uncertainties from climate change. Non-structural approaches like improved drainage and awareness are becoming more important. Climate change is impacting parameters like temperature, rainfall patterns and amounts, and flood return periods. This requires reexamining infrastructure design. Current activities in Nepal aim to better manage floods and climate change impacts through mainstreaming risk management, mapping, and collaboration on early warning systems. Regional data sharing and agreed methodologies could help transboundary flood management.
Climate change impacts on animal health and vector borne diseasesILRI
Presentation by Bernard Bett and Delia Grace at a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) climate change technical officers' meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 1 April 2014.
This document summarizes the progress of agriculture in India between 1951 and 2011, highlighting the Green, White, and Blue Revolutions that led to major increases in foodgrain, milk, and fish production. It also discusses ongoing challenges around malnutrition, climate change impacts, and the need for continued investment in agriculture research and development to sustain gains and ensure food security. Key priorities include making growth more inclusive to reduce poverty and inequality, adapting to and managing climate risks, and taking a systems-based approach to achieve comprehensive nutrition security.
‘Scenarios for Policy: Transforming Farming, Landscape and Food Systems for the 21st Century’ was a side event held at the Hunger for Action Conference: 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change. This session, coordinated by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) considered future policy options for the major transformative changes needed in farming, landscapes and food systems to make climate-smart agriculture a reality.
Water is essential for every life on the earth and also for all kinds of socioeconomic development activities. Freshwater scarcity is a major issue in the developing world in terms of human consumption and irrigation. Water is not evenly distributed throughout the world so that some regions (particularly in south Asian countries, West Asia, North Africa or sub-Saharan Africa) are going through water scarcity problems. A major reason for water scarcity is population growth and changing climatic variability. Apart from some regions of Europe and Northern America, water is insufficient due to poor management and poor policy. However, climate change has an adverse impact on the water availability and this will increase water insecurity in the future. So, from now we have to develop efficient adaptive capacity such as storage development to conserve water. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into the global water demand and supply scenario exploring regional conflict and water scarcity; and to outline the local level best water management options that are beneficial for conservation and efficient use of water for better life.
This chapter discusses how seasonality influences buffalo production. Reproduction in buffaloes is affected by the seasons, with higher fertility occurring when daylight hours decrease. In tropical countries north of the equator, buffalo fertility decreases in summer due to heat stress and restricted feeding. Some countries are finding ways to improve fertility, such as mating buffaloes out of their normal breeding season and providing access to water pools. Overall reproductive performance and reduction in embryonic mortality can be improved by enhancing environmental conditions for buffaloes.
- Philippine agriculture employs 37% of the labor force and is an important source of food and livelihood for rural communities. However, labor productivity has been declining.
- Key challenges include low investment in agriculture, environmental degradation, high population growth, land conversion, and effects of climate change like more frequent typhoons. This has led to low agricultural productivity and widespread poverty and unemployment.
- To address these issues, the document recommends increasing food production and rural employment, boosting agricultural productivity through improved technology and education, and developing climate-resilient varieties and conservation measures to confront climate change impacts.
Analysis of Value Chain of Cow Milk: The Case of Itang Special Woreda, Gambel...PriyankaKilaniya
Ethiopia has a long and rich history of dairy farming, which was mostly carried out by small and marginal farmers who raised cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, among other species, for milk. Finding the Itang Special Woreda cow milk value chain is the study's main goal. In order to gather primary data, 204 smallholder dairy farmer households were randomly selected, and the market concentration ratio was calculated using 20 traders. Descriptive statistics, econometric models, and rank analysis were used to achieve the above specified goals. Out of all the participants in the milk value chain, producers, cafés, hotels, and dairy cooperatives had the largest gross marketing margins, accounting for 100% of the consumer price in channels I and II, 55% in channels III and V, and 25.5% in channels V. The number of children under five, the number of milking cows owned, the amount of money from non-dairy sources, the frequency of extension service contacts, the amount of milk produced each day, and the availability of market information were found to have an impact on smallholders' involvement in the milk market. Numerous obstacles also limited the amount of milk produced and marketed. The poll claims that general health issues, sickness, predators, and a lack of veterinary care are plaguing farmers. In order to address the issue of milk perishability, the researchers recommended the host community and organization to construct an agro milk processor, renovate the dairy cooperative in the study region, and restructure the current conventional marketing to lower the transaction and cost of milk marketing.
Analysis of Value Chain of Cow Milk: The Case of Itang Special Woreda, Gambel...AI Publications
Ethiopia has a long and rich history of dairy farming, which was mostly carried out by small and marginal farmers who raised cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, among other species, for milk. Finding the Itang Special Woreda cow milk value chain is the study's main goal. In order to gather primary data, 204 smallholder dairy farmer households were randomly selected, and the market concentration ratio was calculated using 20 traders. Descriptive statistics, econometric models, and rank analysis were used to achieve the above specified goals. Out of all the participants in the milk value chain, producers, cafés, hotels, and dairy cooperatives had the largest gross marketing margins, accounting for 100% of the consumer price in channels I and II, 55% in channels III and V, and 25.5% in channels V. The number of children under five, the number of milking cows owned, the amount of money from non-dairy sources, the frequency of extension service contacts, the amount of milk produced each day, and the availability of market information were found to have an impact on smallholders' involvement in the milk market. Numerous obstacles also limited the amount of milk produced and marketed. The poll claims that general health issues, sickness, predators, and a lack of veterinary care are plaguing farmers. In order to address the issue of milk perishability, the researchers recommended the host community and organization to construct an agro milk processor, renovate the dairy cooperative in the study region, and restructure the current conventional marketing to lower the transaction and cost of milk marketing.
This document proposes a study to investigate the utilization of donkey dung for biogas production in Lamu County, Kenya. Donkey dung is readily available but currently a nuisance, littering towns. The study aims to assess biogas production from different mixtures of donkey dung and cow dung in flexi bag digesters. Five treatments mixing donkey and cow dung at ratios of 25-75%, 50-50%, 75-25%, 100% donkey dung, and 100% cow dung (control) will be evaluated. The volume of biogas produced daily will be measured to determine if co-digesting donkey and cow dung can improve biogas yields for energy needs in Lamu
Livestock production in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prospects for exploiting resilien...SIANI
This presentation was held by Okeyo, A. Mwai & J.M.K. Ojango at the international seminar 'Livestock Resources for Food Security in the Light of Climate Change' co-hosted by SIANI and SLU Global in Uppsala on the 11th of March 2016.
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on Indonesian agriculture and food security. It provides context on Indonesia's development and agriculture sector, then analyzes how climate change may negatively affect agricultural production and food availability based on climate modeling scenarios. The document outlines Indonesia's national policies around climate change mitigation and adaptation for the agriculture sector. These include mainstreaming climate change into development planning, establishing a climate change roadmap, and sectoral plans to reduce emissions and increase resilience of food production.
FAO’s Policy Advice on Sustainable Rice Intensification: Closing the yield ...Sri Lmb
This document discusses sustainable rice intensification to close yield gaps and protect ecosystems. It notes that rice production must increase 70-100% by 2050 to feed a growing population amid declining resources. Sustainable Rice Intensification optimizes ecosystem services to boost yields with fewer inputs. Charts show the rice yield gap between top farmers and average could be closed. Diagrams illustrate tradeoffs between intensification methods and ecosystem services. International agreements also aim to strengthen pesticide regulation to conserve biodiversity in wetlands while supporting rice production.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
Community Breeding Practice and the Challenges in Dairy Cattle Management in ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
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Adapting Livestock Production System to Climate Change in Nepal (Durga D. Poudel, University of Louisiana, Lafayette; September 20, 2011)
1. Presented to
UL Lafayette Faculty, Staff and Students
September 20, 2011
Durga D. Poudel
Project Leader
Livestock-Climate Change CRSP/USAID sponsored
Nepal Seed Grant Program SLPS Project
Professor and Coordinator
Environmental Science Program
School of Geosciences
UL Lafayette
4. The fault line in
South Asia.
Major earth quakes.
-2005 Kashmir
Earth Quake, 7.5
Richter Scale,
75,000 death tolls
in Pakistan
-2001 Gujrat Earth
Quake.
- September 18, 2011
Sikkim Earth
Quake, at least 50
people dead, a lot
of damages.
Map source – Google.com
5. For South Asian sub-regions please see Poudel’s article at
http://www.telegraphnepal.com/national/2011-09-
09/adapting-to-climate-change-impacts-in-south-asia.html
6.
7. Country profile: Nepal
Data/information Source
7.5 million people (1/4th of country’s population) living Newsletter of the Adapting
Livestock Systems to Collaborative
below poverty line. Research Support Program,
Spring 2011
Nepal is the poorest country in South Asia and the 13th Newsletter of the Adapting
Livestock Systems to Collaborative
poorest nation in the world; in 2009, 43 of 75 districts Research Support Program,
faced food deficit and 23 were chronically insecure. Spring 2011
Approximately 55% Nepalese live below the World Bank, World Development
Indicators, cited by US AID’s Feed
international poverty line of $1.25/day. The Future Initiative: Nepal, FY
2010 Implementation Plan.
More than 80% of the population works in agriculture Feed The Future Initiative: Nepal,
FY 2010 Implementation Plan.
sector that accounts for 38% of GDP.
Nearly half of children six months to five years of age UNICEF State of the World’s
Children and 2005 Ethiopia
are anemic; 49% of under-five children suffering from Demographic and Health Survey,
stunting; 13% suffering from wasting; and 39% cited by USAID’s Feed the Future
underweight. Initiative: Nepal, FY 2010
Implementation Plan.
8. “Recent declining agricultural production has
depressed rural economies and increased
widespread hunger and urban migration
throughout Nepal. This situation is compounded
by a population growth rate of over two percent
per year and one of the highest ratios of
population to arable land in the world.”
Sources: Feed the Future Initiative: Nepal, FY
2010 Implementation Plan, and World Bank;
www.worldbank.org.np
12. Human population of Nepal (millions)
30.000 Estimated livestock population
25.000
for 2009/2010 in Nepal was as
follows: goats 8,762,000, cattle
20.000
7,199,000, buffalo 4,832,000, pigs
15.000 1,062,000, and sheep 797,000.
10.000
Buffalo contributed 1,066,000
5.000
MT (71.3%) of the total milk
0.000 production, and 162,213 MT
1979-80 1996-97 2009-10
(65.3%) of the total meat
6,000
production in 2009/2010.
Number of buffaloes and buffalo milk and meat
production in Nepal
5,000 There is 89.91% increase in
human population from 1979/80 to
4,000
2009/10 and the corresponding
Number (000)
3,000 Milk prod. (000 MT)
increase in buffalo population was
Meat prod. (000 MT)
85.49%. Cattle population
2,000 increased from 5,986,000 to
7,199,000 during the same period.
1,000
0 Poudel, 2011.
1979-80 1996-97 2009-10 Telegraphnepal.com
13. Climate Change Impacts
The South Asia Environment Outlook 2009 published by UNEP, SAARC and
DA reports nearly 15,000 glaciers will likely to retreat from their present total
area of 500,000 sq. km. to the total area of 100,000 sq. km. by 2035 in South
Asian region.
IPCC Climate Change 2007 publication projects crop yields decline about 2.5 –
10% in 2020s and 5 to 30% in 2050s compared with 1990s levels in some parts
of Asia. More human diseases, especially water borne diseases, diarrhea, and
cholera associated with climate change are expected to increase in the future.
Droughts, flash floods, and torrential rains in Afghanistan; outburst of glacial
lakes in Nepal; glacier melts in Bhutan; rise in sea level rise in Maldives;
increased in saline areas, flooding, and cyclones in Bangladesh; declining
ground water table in India; and flooding in Pakistan.
Increase on mosquito-transmitted diseases, diarrhea and lack of clean water
supply, desertification and land degradation, river cuttings, temperature rise,
shifting of habitats and cropping zones, and changes on hydrology.
14. Retreat of
AX010 glacier
in Sorong
Himal Nepal:
a. Map
showing the
changes in the
glacier area b.
Changes in the
glacier
and the rate of
terminus
retreat c.
Photographs
of glacier
terminus
between 1978-
1996
Source : WWF
Nepal Program
2005.
18. With an average of 0.06oC/year, a rise in
temperature from 1975 to 2006 by 1.8oC has
been recorded in Nepal (Malla, 2008).
From analysis of the Madi River (1979-2006),
annual flow has been increased by 0.149 %
annually with increased loss of top soil each
year.
“More than 30 million people were displaced last
year by environmental and weather-related
disasters across Asia, experts have warned, and the
problem is only likely to grow worse as climate
change exacerbates such problems.”
Fiona Harvey, Sept 19, 2011
19. Capacity-building and strengthening of
livestock production system while
adapting to climate change in Nepal
UL Lafayette, NARC Nepal, Tribhuvan University Nepal, CARE-
Nepal, ADB Nepal, Asta-Ja Abhiyan Nepal, Nyayik Sansar Nepal
Objectives
Identify factors that are responsible for the downward spiral of
livestock production systems.
Identify impacts of climates change on livestock production and
adaptation measures.
Assess opportunities and challenges for capacity-building.
Disseminate project finding.
20. Hypothesis
“… that the livestock production system in Nepal is
intricately related to forest resources, soil quality, and
crop productivity, and its development and adaptation
to climate change requires capacity-building and
strengthening of the production system.”
21. We seek to answer the following research questions:
1. What are the interrelationships and linkages with respect to livestock
production, forest resources, soil quality, crop productivity, farm labor, climate
change, government policies, and community capacity?
2. What are the factors responsible for the downward spiral of the livestock
production system?
3. How is climate change impacting livestock production?
4. How are livestock systems adapting to these changes?
5. What opportunities and challenges exist in relation to capacity-building at the
national, district, and the community level for strengthening livestock
production system and adapting to climate change?
22. Project Implementation
Project Partners’ Meeting
Watershed Visit
Formation of Community Livestock Groups (CLGs)
CLG Training
LCC-CRSP Stakeholders’ Meeting
Water Quantity and Quality Monitoring
Livestock Production Record Keeping
Fecal Sample Analyses
Livestock Climate Change Adaptation Measures
Project Evaluation
23. Project Partners’ Meeting (I) Kathmandu, June 15, 2011
Guest Speaker - Mr. Mukesh Raj Shrestha, SME (Small
Micro-enterprise) Chief, ADB Ltd.
Participants:
NARC = 1; ADB Ltd = 5; CARE-Nepal = 1
Asta-Ja Abhiyan Nepal = 9
Asta-Ja Abhiyan Nepal Nuwakot = 4
Nyayik Sansar = 1
UL Lafayette, LA = 1; TU Nepal = 1
MAHA Agriculture Pvt. Ltd. = 1
24. Major outcomes from KTM partners’ meeting
Involving District Soil Conservation Office Nuwakot in project
implementation.
Better understanding of the project by local stakeholders and
project partners prior to its implementation.
Involving youths in the project.
Insufficient feed availability as one of the major problems in
livestock production.
Learning lessons from previous similar watershed studies
conducted especially by CARE-Nepal, WWF, FECOFUN,
NTNC, and DFID.
25. Contd..
Pre-existence of some livestock groups affiliated with
governmental agencies in the watershed.
Criteria for CLG formation - based on common pasture or VDC
representation. Stream network, resource use and interactions,
or geomorphic units (besi vs lekh) could be other criteria for CLG
formation.
Possibility of acquiring soil and plant analyses kits locally
available.
26. Thulo Khola Watershed, Nuwakot - Field Visit, June 26, 2011
Participants:
NARC = 1; TU Nepal = 1;
CARE-Nepal = 1;
Asta-Ja Abhiyan Nepal = 3;
Asta-Ja Abhiyan Nepal Nuwakot = 3;
UL Lafayette, LA = 1; Nyayik Sansar = 1;
Local people = 3;
Other = 1
28. Climate change impact, environmental hazards
Dried Road
spring Erosion
Road Falling
slip tree
29. Livestock production challenges
Parasites are major problems- liver
flukes (buffalo, cattle, goat), round
worm (goat), and tape worm
(buffalo, goat, pig).
Skin disease appears to be the
most common problem followed by
infectious diseases such as Pestidis
Pestis Ruminantis (goat), Chronic
Respiratory Disease (chicken),
pneumonia (goat), respiratory
disease, mastitis for buffalo and cow
(almost 90% affected), and F&M
disease (ox and buffalo).
Remarkable increase in the
livestock diseases mainly respiratory
disease, mastitis, skin diseases, and
pneumonia (especially on goat) in
recent years.
30. Occurrence of very high level of drug resistance in livestock.
With respect to our questions on climate change and its impacts on
livestock and agricultural production, Mr. Koirala feels that climate change
might have caused drug resistance in livestock, increased incidence of
diseases (blast in rice) and pests in crop, and corn sterility.
Disappearance of pasture land, grazing restrictions by CFUGs, high cost of
animals, and lack of animal feed are some of the major constrains for livestock
production.
Major grass species promoted by the government targeting livestock system
are jai, berseem, stylo and napier. However, only a limited number of farmers
have planted these grass species in their fields.
Marketing of milk is not a problem at all, and cattle milk exceeds buffalo
milk in terms of the volume of production. Large animals are stall-fed.
31. Livestock production challenges -
management
Poor health, very scrawny animals
Poor feed and fodder supply
Extremely poor living conditions,
bad shape pens and sheds, no
ventilation, unhygienic management.
32. Vet Doctor in the watershed
Dr. Ram Pukar Thakur, one of our team members,
starts treating and prescribing medicine for injured and
sick animals in the watershed.
Emergency livestock veterinary support fund is
necessary while a team with a vet doctor visits the
watershed.
Farmers expect free service from the vet doctor and
the vet doctor ethically cannot ignore the sick animals.
Farmers were happy with Dr. Thakur’s services.
36. Project Partners’ Meeting (I) Nuwakot, June 27, 2011
Participants:
NARC = 1; ADB Ltd = 1; CARE-Nepal = 1
Asta-Ja Abhiyan Nepal = 3
Asta-Ja Abhiyan Nepal Nuwakot = 4
UL Lafayette, LA = 1; TU Nepal = 1
District Agriculture Office, Nuwakot = 1
District Soil and Water Conserv. Nuwakot = 1
District Forest Office, Nuwakot = 1
Community Forest Association = 1
Bidur Municipality = 1
37. Major outcomes from Nuwakot partners’ meeting
In order to monitor water level at the outlet of the Thulo Khola we
decided to request DWIDP (Department of Water Induced Disaster
Prevention).
To avoid any confusion while project implementation, Mr. Humagain
suggested informing local political leaders about the project.
Participants suggested consultation of Nuwakot Agricultural
Committee which is under the leadership of the Local Development
Officer (LDO).
Formation of a CLGs co-ordination group consisting of the group
leaders from the nine CLGs for better co-ordination.
Need for experimental research with respect to various livestock related
issues such as landuse conversion to support livestock production,
improved livestock sheds, or comparative studies on feed production.
38. CLG formation and CLG workshop, July 3, 2011.
Grop Village Group Name Members Stream Monitoring
No. Station
1. Chanaute Tallo Bagar Ghat Ms. Iswori Nepal Thulo Khola Bridge
Gaun Ms. Sumitra Nepal
Ms. Anita Poudel
Ms. Manju Adhikari
Ms. Sirjana Subedi
2. Lamichane Gaun Lamichane Gaun Mr. Prakash Nepal Thulo Khola Boksi Chhango
Mr. Madhab Nepal
Mr. Shiva Rijal
Mr. Shiva Prasad Phuwal
Ms. Ganga Nepal
3. Banje Gaun Banje Gaun, Ms. Sirjana Adhikari Thulo Khola Ghore Paharo
Panchkhale Ms. Chadni Nepal
Ms. Sangita Nepal
Mr. Gopi Nepal
Mr. Prem Bdr. Adhikari
4. Khani Gaun Khani Ms.Gita Nepal Bimire Khola Mahadev Than
Gaun/Chakleti Ms. Sumitra Khatiwada
Chapleti Gaun Mr. Bishnu Prasad Nepal
Mr. Krishna Prasad Rimal
Ms. Sangita Nepali
Ms. Sushila Nepal
39. Grop No. Village Group Name Members Stream Monitoring
Station
5. Bet Pani, Nepal Dupcheshwor Mr. Ramhari Ghimire Bimire Khola
Chok Mr. Bishnu Prasad Rijal Deurali
Mr. Sambhu Prasad Rijal
Ms. Rewati Nepal
Mr. Ram Prasad Nepal
Ms. Binda Nepal
Ms. Kalpana Nepal
6. Utpanneshowor Bhangeri Mr. Jibraj Khatiwada Sisneri Khola Chhamure
Mr. Ramesh Bdr. Khatiwada
Mr. Buddhi Prasad Paneru
Ms. Ganga Devi Rijal
Mr. Indra Bahadur Khatiwada
Mr. Ambar Bahadur Tamang
Mr. Dinesh Tamang
7. Bhasme Bageshwori Ms. Manju Khatiwada Thulo Khola Khalte Bari
Ms. Sita Khatiwada
Ms. Gita Shrestha
Mr. Devi Bahadur Shrestha
Mr. Kul Bahadur Shrestha
40. Grop Village Group Name Members Stream Monitoring
No. Station
8. Gurung Gaun Khatiwada Gaun Ms. Sumitra Adhikari Thulo Sungara
Ms. Pabitra Adhikari Khola
Ms. Laxmi Thapa
Mr. Sagar Phuwal
Ms. Sarswati Tamang
9. Gopale Malika Mr. Toran Bahadur Tamang Thulo Hariya Lekh
Bhanjyang Gauraghar Mr. Tirtha Bahadur Tamang Khola
Mr. Bishnu Bahadur Tamang
Mr. Som Raj Tamang
Mr. Kumar Bahadur Tamang
Ms. Hira Maya Tamang
Female = 25, Male = 26,
Students = 9, Teacher cum student = 2, Teacher = 2; Farmers = 38
41. CLG workshop- Livestock monitoring, record keeping, and water
quality monitoring training, July 3 2011
42. Livestock production system monitoring variables
and record keeping by each CLG member
Variables
Household profile
Pasture management
Health recording
Breeding
Livestock management
Forest use
Fodder /grass supply
Reproduction interval
Feed supply
Income
Manure production
Monitoring
Daily record keeping
Monitoring every 15 days by
monitoring staff
43. Fecal coliform, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate
determination in Thulo Khola water sample by the participants
44. Water quality test results for the outlet of
Thulo Khola watershed, July 3, 2011.
Water quality Water quality Condition
parameter
pH 8 Good
Fecal Coliform Positive Poor
Dissolved Oxygen 8 PPM Excellent
Turbidity > 100 JTU Poor
Phosphate > 4 PPM Poor
Nitrate < 5 PPM Good
45. Handing out water quality monitoring kits – fecal coliform, turbidity, pH,
dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate to the CLG group members
46. CLGs and water quality monitoring in Thulo Khola watershed-
fecal coliform will be monitored every month while rest of the
parameters will be monitored every fifteen days by each group.
CLG Group Water quality monitoring
number
1 Fecal coliform, pH, turbidity, DO, nitrate, phosphate
2 Fecal coliform
3 Fecal coliform
4 Fecal colifrom, pH, DO, nitrate, phosphate
5 Fecal coliform
6 Fecal coliform, pH, turbidity, DO, nitrate, phosphate
7 Fecal coliform
8 Fecal coliform
9 Fecal coliform, pH, DO, nitrate, phosphate
47. Livestock parasites, soil quality, and fodder nutrient analyses for livestock
herd, agricultural land, and fodder tress and grass of each CLG member in
Thulo Khola watershed, Nuwakot
Sampling and Analysis Time interval
monitoring
Livestock fecal and Parasites Every month
urine
Soils pH, N, P, K, soil texture, Once in project
bulk density, OM duration
Fodder, grass, straw Nutrient content Different stages of
fodder, grass
49. We have tested total 112 faecal samples (47 from buffalo, 31
from cattle and 34 goat), of which 15 (32%), 18 (58%) and 29
(85%) samples respectively were positive for parasites.
In cattle and buffalo, Fasciola was predominant in all
positive samples followed by Paramphistomes.
The highest prevalence of mixed type of parasites were
observed in Goats (85%). In goats, mixed infection with
Strongyles, Coccidia, Moneizia and Trichuris were observed.
The predominant species were Strongyles and Coccidia.
These species of parasites cause severe diarrohea,
dehydration, weakness, loss of weight and death of affected
goats.
50. LCC-CRSP Stakeholders Meeting, July 6, 2011
Priority research area of livestock
system climate change identified:
Animal health (especially parasitic,
epidemic, and zoonotic disease
management)
Water management
Soil health
Female empowerment
Climate change communication
Breed productivity
Market incentives in rural areas
Climate change adaptation research
Capacity-building
51. Preliminary findings
Climate change impacts – dried stream, drought, floods, untimely rains
Farmers’ awareness and perception with regard to climate change–
diseases, parasites
Climate change, adaptation and mitigation
Livestock management, parasites, diseases
Nutrient loss (P) from manure
Livestock sheds, pens condition
Feed and nutrition
Forest use and forest condition
Environmental hazards, soil erosion, nutrient loss
Animal procurement, concentrated feed, herd management
Family nutrition and health, sanitation
Community support and enthusiasm for the project
Implementation of research findings and the scaling up of the project
52. Future activities
Reconnaissance visit for the characterization of geology, climate change, soils,
hydrology, forests, feed supply, and cropping systems.
Interdisciplinary team will do a survey of geology, climate change,
hydrology, land resources, soil quality, assess and characterize
farming systems, fodder trees, biomass production, and forest
types in the watershed.
Household surveys
A sizeable proportion of the total households in the watershed
will be included in the survey. Survey data will be analyzed and
the results will be reported.
Institutional analyses
Review of literature, policies, and programs, institutional
surveys, round-table discussions, and office visits will be some
of the techniques utilized for institutional information
collection and analyses.
53. Expected results
1. Factors responsible for the downward spiral of the livestock production system.
Survey data will go through analysis to identify different factors
responsible for the deterioration of livestock production in the watershed.
This analysis will enhance our understanding of the system and enable us in
suggesting possible intervention measures for sustainable livestock production.
2. Identification and characterization of livestock management systems and feed supply.
It is important to investigate the opportunities and constraints of
existing and emerging livestock management systems so that their
linkages with respect to livestock production, forest resource, soil quality,
and crop production could be understood and quantified accurately.
We will also assess year-round feed supply, nutrient status, and constraints.
54. 3. Implementation of adaptation measures to climate change.
Identify various measures that farmers have already adapted or
are going to adapt to cope with climate change impacts on
livestock production. Implementation of adaptation measures
4. Opportunities and challenges for capacity-building
Formation of CLGs and their performance, raising awareness, trainings
and skills development, and results from institutional analyses and
program and policy reviews will serve as the basis for our output in
relation to capacity-building for livestock management. Opportunities
and challenges for capacity-building will be reported.
55. Livestock Climate Change Adaptation Measures
Nine themes of our project:
Water availability
Animal health
Forest health
Soil health
Crop production
Female empowerment
Policy issue
Climate change communication
Capacity-building
56. Adaptation measures
Climate change adaptation measures to water availability include:
•Reforestation of the watershed for increased water conservation.
•Minimizing water wastage.
•Runoff collection ponds for irrigation water and buffalo wallowing.
•Rain water harvest for household use, livestock water supply, and gardening.
•Irrigation management and enhancing water use efficiency.
•Soil moisture conservation.
•Watershed plan for water diversion or reservoir construction for water supply.
•Introducing crops that require less amount of water.
•Livestock species selection according to water availability.
•Source protection to avoid water pollution.
•Nonpoint source water pollution control.
57. Theme Climate change adaptation measures
Animal health Animal insurance, community awareness of the link between climate change and animal
health, early warning system of disease outbreak, surveillance and response system,
governmental capacity-building, feed improvement, livestock shed improvement
Forest health Controlling invasive species, controlling forest diseases and pests, improving forest soils
and rangeland’s condition, improving forest status and forest cover, understanding climate
change impacts on forest health e.g. lichen communities, reforestation
Soil health Improving soil quality - Soil pH, CEC, organic matter content, soil aggregate stability, base
saturation, nutrient content, soil PMN, infiltration rate, soil moisture content; controlling
soil erosion and land degradation
Crop production Controlling diseases and pest, improving crop yields, controlling weeds and invasive
species, enhancing nutrient management, controlling nutrient loss, and enhancing plant
health research capability
Female Promoting gender equality, enhancing educational and political empowerment, increasing
empowerment women’s influence in household and public decision making, training for women, women
entrepreneurs, women in community organizations
Policy issue Policy advocacy, policy training, political engagement on climate change issue, public
engagement with climate change
Climate change Timely climate change communication for policy makers, educators, communicators, and
communication media; climate change threats to the society, attitudes and behavioral changes, climate
change impacts and opportunities for economic growth, jobs, and innovation
Capacity-building Education and community awareness, motivation, partnerships development, project
planning and implementation, training and skills development, facilities
58. Opportunities Challenges
Collaborative partnerships Coordination and communication
Indigenous knowledge and Modern technologies, quick-fix
technologies
Diversified farming system Commercialized agriculture
Communication system Ignoring climate change issues
Community organizations Heavily political
Government policies and programs Policy failures, poor implementation
Donor’s supports, aids Citizen versus client
Community enthusiasm and Sustaining the enthusiasm
participation
Economic development through Appropriate measures, sustained effort,
climate change adaptation and capacity-building
Climate change adaptation measures Expenses and skills needed
59. Acknowledgements
This presentation was made possible by the United States Agency
for International Development and the generous support of the
American people through Grant No. EEM-A-00-10-00001. The
opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International
Development or the U.S. government.