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Scaling watershed development in India
1. 1
Scaling watershed development in India
Haveli structure, Birdha village, Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India
Kaushal K Garg
ICRISAT
Challenges of
the 21st
Century
1545 m3
5177 m3
120 million
ha affected
54.6% population
depends on
agriculture
contributes only
14% to GDP
2. 2
Groundwater use status in India
Details Values
Surface water irrigated area 21 Million ha
Groundwater irrigated area 42 Million ha
Groundwater withdrawal (1960) 25 Km3
Groundwater withdrawal (2009) 250-300 Km3
Number of bore wells (1960) 1 Million
Number of bore wells (2009) 20 Million
Time line
Journey of watershed program in India
3. 3
Impact of watershed programs
0.6
13.2 12.2
2.6 3.9
67.5
0
15
30
45
60
75
<1 1 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5 >5
Benifit-cost ratio
Watershed(%)
1.9
30.2
8.6
11.1
6.8
41.4
0
9
18
27
36
45
<10 10 to 20 20 to 30 30 to 40 40 to 50 >50
Internal rate of return (%)
Watershed(%)
Components Scope for improvement /Research & development opportunities
Soil conservation
measures
• Field bunding with proper outlet for safe disposal of runoff;
• Tree plantation on field bunds for getting stability and long term income
Water
conservation
Practices
• Consideration of watershed hydrology in designing density of structures
• Technical suitability of structure site;
• Structure quality and Structure Stability criteria
Best Management
Practices &
Capacity building
• Fodder and Livestock components;
• Suitable cultivars; Agronomic management practices;
• Mechanization for reducing Cost of cultivation
Monitoring impact • Land use change analysis; water balance components, modeling
No of watersheds = 636
(Joshi et al, 2008)
Increased Efficiency of Resources for
Sustainable Intensification
Land
Water
Energy
Nutrients
Labor
4. 4
Large yield gaps to be bridged:
Evidence from Parasai-Sindh
watershed, Jhansi, UP
Consortium Partner: ICAR-CAFRI;
Funding : Cococola India
Foundation
Impact on water balance components
5. 5
Significant fallow land brought
under cultivation both in Kharif and
Rabi seasons
Crop yields increased by 10-70%
Crop intensification
Improved crop yield
Impact on Cropping intensity and crop production
Change in Land use
Significant area of fallow land especially at upstream locations
converted into cultivated land
6. 6
Parasai-Sindh w/s: Impact on annual HH income
Description Before After Diff
Kharif area under cultivation (ha) 968 1057 89
Net income generated - kharif (Rs in million) 13.8 20.3 0.65
Rabi area under cultivation (ha) 797 1083 286
Net income generated rabi (Rs in million) -0.26 185 211
Total net income from Ag (Rs in million) 11.2 38.8 27.6
Buffalo population 950 1300 350
Avg. milk yield (L/day/animal) 6 8.5 2.5
Annual income from livestock (Rs in million) 10.2 21.2 11
Total net income (Rs in million /year) 21.4 60 38.6
Number of households 417 417 -
Average household income (Rs ,000/year) 51 143 92
District Block Villages
Lalitpur Talbehat Pura-Khurdh, Birdha,
Jhawar
Jhansi Babina Imiliya, Rajapur, Amarpur
Jalaun Mahiva Noorpur, Naserpur,
Hydalpur
Hamirpur Sumerpur Saukhar, Nazarpur, Karimati
Mahoba Kabarai Chandpura, Nathupura,
Baniyatala
Banda Thindwari Benda, Amlikaur, Jauharpur
Chitrakoot Karwi Rowli-Kalyanpur, Rasin
Doubling farmers income:
Scaling up interventions in UP Bundelkhand region
Consortium institutes
7. 7
Strategy for Implementation
Pilot sites: 5000 ha hydrological unit in each district
Identified partners & constituting the consortium
SAUs, ICAR-CAFRI, IGFRI, IIPR, BAIF; KVKs; NGOs
Demonstrations and Field/ Farmers days
Need based mechanization
Decentralized water harvesting
Livestock improvement: AI with sexed semen, feed/fodder
Convergence of government schemes and other IDC projects
Capacity strengthening
Monitoring, evaluation and learning at all levels
Facilitating market linkages and insurance thru farmer
collectives
Ridge to valley approach of drainage line treatment
DFI UP Bundelkhand project: Rajapur village, Jhansi district, UP
8. 8
Rejuvenating traditional water harvesting system:
Haveli Cultivation
DFI UP Bundelkhand project: Birdha village, Lalitpur district, UP
Farm pond and Field drainage channel
DFI UP Bundelkhand project: Birdha village, Lalitpur district, UP
9. 9
Field bunding/Agroforestry/teak plantation
Targets made of RWH structures
District RWH structure
planned
RWH structures
completed
Storage capacity
created (m3)
Jhansi 10-12 3 40,000
Jalaun 10-12 2 200,000
Lalitpur 10-12 2 50,000
Hamirpur 10-12 2 30,000
Mahoba 10-12 1 5000
Banda 10-12 1 25000
Chitrakoot 10-12 1 150,000
Total 70-84 12 500,000
• Target to create storage capacity by end of the project= 3.5 MCM
• Created storage capacity = 0.5 MCM (i.e., equivalent to 100 check dams of 5000
cubic meter capacity)
• No of filling during monsoon season = 2-3 times (minimum)
• Expected runoff harvesting in 2019-20= one million cubic meter (> 1 MCM)
• Nearly 200 km running length of field cum trench made for in-situ water
harvesting and 110,000 seedlings planted in Kharif 2019-20
10. 10
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
Thank you!
DFI UP Bundelkhand project: Birdha village, Lalitpur district, UP