The DryDev programme aimed to transform lives and landscapes in dryland areas through sustainable rural development. Over six years, it worked with over 164,000 smallholder farmers across five countries in Africa. Key achievements included rehabilitating over 163,000 hectares of land through watershed management and planting over 4.6 million trees. It also increased food security and incomes by expanding irrigation to over 16,000 hectares, utilizing over 950 water harvesting structures, and promoting climate-smart agricultural practices on over 60,000 hectares.
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
Peter Minang, FTA, ICRAF
Social and environmental justice as a trigger of robust ambitious climate action and prosperous future for all
Chilean pavilion, COP 25, Madrid, 7th December 2019
Presentation by Bob Winterbottom (Director, Ecosystem Services Initiative, WRI) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
Presentation by Sara Scherr (President, EcoAgriculture Partners) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
Peter Minang, FTA, ICRAF
Social and environmental justice as a trigger of robust ambitious climate action and prosperous future for all
Chilean pavilion, COP 25, Madrid, 7th December 2019
Presentation by Bob Winterbottom (Director, Ecosystem Services Initiative, WRI) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
Presentation by Sara Scherr (President, EcoAgriculture Partners) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
Building Climate Smart Agriculture in the Sahel (Africa's Drylands)
Presentation from March 1, 2012 discussion on experiences in the Sahel using Climate Smart Agriculture to increase productivity and resiliency including lessons learned from farmer innovations and observed landscape transformations in Niger, Burkina Faso & Mali.
FInd out more at http://www.wri.org/event/2012/03/building-climate-smart-agriculture-and-resiliency-sahel
Presentation by Dr. Sonja Vermeulen at the UN Climate Talks in Bonn, 17 May 2016. Find out more about this event and work by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security at https://ccafs.cgiar.org/sb44-side-event-adapting-climate-change-agricultural-systems-experience-latin-america-africa-and
Assessing the roles of forests in reducing poverty and enhancing climate resilience in the Philippines.
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Mike McGahuey, Natural Resources Management Specialist, USAID
Presentation from March 1, 2012 discussion on experiences in the Sahel using Climate Smart Agriculture to increase productivity and resiliency including lessons learned from farmer innovations and observed landscape transformations in Niger, Burkina Faso & Mali.
FInd out more at http://www.wri.org/event/2012/03/building-climate-smart-agriculture-and-resiliency-sahel
Presentation by Dennis Garrity (Senior Fellow, World Agroforestry Centre) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
: Keynote speech (via skype) by Prof. Han van Dijk, forest engineer and anthropologist with 25 years of experience in Africa – fragile and conflict states and natural resource management, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. “I think the five key future challenges for the Sustainable Forest governance (SFM) are mitigation of climate change through forests and trees; knowledge base; reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) and forest tenure reform; gender equity; and multiple uses of forests” said van Dijk.
Taking the long view USAID, USFS, USGS investment in smallholder and communit...CIFOR-ICRAF
Jordan Kimball, Scott Bode, Nicodème Tchamou, Boubacar Thiam, Diane Russell, Gray Tappan and Dan Whyner with inspiration from Tim Resch and Mike McGahuey
Taking Stock of Smallholder and Community Forestry Montpellier, 24-26 March 2010
Presentation on success stories and challenges ahead to make global agriculture more climate smart. Brownbag presentation in the WorldBank on 15th May by Andy Jarvis from the CCAFS program of the CGIAR.
Presentation by Chris Reij (Senior Fellow, WRI) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
Presentation by Abdoulaye Mando at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016sangeetkhule
AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016
Afforestation is a process where new forests are planted across land without trees. As a forest grows, it naturally removes CO2 from the atmosphere and stores it in its trees.
Climate Smart Landscapes: addressing trade-offs and delivering multiple benef...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Building Climate Smart Agriculture in the Sahel (Africa's Drylands)
Presentation from March 1, 2012 discussion on experiences in the Sahel using Climate Smart Agriculture to increase productivity and resiliency including lessons learned from farmer innovations and observed landscape transformations in Niger, Burkina Faso & Mali.
FInd out more at http://www.wri.org/event/2012/03/building-climate-smart-agriculture-and-resiliency-sahel
Presentation by Dr. Sonja Vermeulen at the UN Climate Talks in Bonn, 17 May 2016. Find out more about this event and work by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security at https://ccafs.cgiar.org/sb44-side-event-adapting-climate-change-agricultural-systems-experience-latin-america-africa-and
Assessing the roles of forests in reducing poverty and enhancing climate resilience in the Philippines.
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Mike McGahuey, Natural Resources Management Specialist, USAID
Presentation from March 1, 2012 discussion on experiences in the Sahel using Climate Smart Agriculture to increase productivity and resiliency including lessons learned from farmer innovations and observed landscape transformations in Niger, Burkina Faso & Mali.
FInd out more at http://www.wri.org/event/2012/03/building-climate-smart-agriculture-and-resiliency-sahel
Presentation by Dennis Garrity (Senior Fellow, World Agroforestry Centre) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
: Keynote speech (via skype) by Prof. Han van Dijk, forest engineer and anthropologist with 25 years of experience in Africa – fragile and conflict states and natural resource management, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. “I think the five key future challenges for the Sustainable Forest governance (SFM) are mitigation of climate change through forests and trees; knowledge base; reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) and forest tenure reform; gender equity; and multiple uses of forests” said van Dijk.
Taking the long view USAID, USFS, USGS investment in smallholder and communit...CIFOR-ICRAF
Jordan Kimball, Scott Bode, Nicodème Tchamou, Boubacar Thiam, Diane Russell, Gray Tappan and Dan Whyner with inspiration from Tim Resch and Mike McGahuey
Taking Stock of Smallholder and Community Forestry Montpellier, 24-26 March 2010
Presentation on success stories and challenges ahead to make global agriculture more climate smart. Brownbag presentation in the WorldBank on 15th May by Andy Jarvis from the CCAFS program of the CGIAR.
Presentation by Chris Reij (Senior Fellow, WRI) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
Presentation by Abdoulaye Mando at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016sangeetkhule
AFFORESTATION AND NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME AND ACT - 2016
Afforestation is a process where new forests are planted across land without trees. As a forest grows, it naturally removes CO2 from the atmosphere and stores it in its trees.
Climate Smart Landscapes: addressing trade-offs and delivering multiple benef...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT
A presentation by ICRISAT Director General William Dar on the topic 'Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics'.
The presentation highlights:
- Challenges in Agriculture in SAT
- CGIAR Research Programs
- Adaptation to Climate Change
- Major Impact of ICRISAT’s Research
- Key Stakeholders
Land degradation threatens the livelihoods, food and nutrition security of the poorest, most vulnerable smallholder farmers and pastoralists in Africa.
Rapid land transformation driven by large scale investments is one of the big trends defining this century. In a virtual briefing for the Global Donor Platform members CIAT agriculture expert Deborah Bossio dismisses the cry for more investments often heard in development circles. From her perspective a lack of investments is not the problem. The more pressing question is whether these large scale investments could be sustainable and socially inclusive. How are they going to play out in the end?
Another emerging feature, according to Bossio, is the dominance of globalization as well as foreign income and international trade as major drivers of land use change. Taking a closer look at these dynamics shows that we aim at achieving multiple goals (sustaining communities, produce goods, store carbon, protect wildlife, sustain biodiversity, ecosystem services). The landscapes approach provides a vehicle for realizing those objectives.
After outlining the reasons behind choosing landscapes approaches, Deborah rounds off with introducing specifics of CIAT’s landscapes approach.
Deborah Bossio is the director of soils research area at CIAT. She is based in Nairobi, Kenya, and has more than 15 years experience working in sustainable agriculture development research.
See the virtual briefing here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-sUzAC-B7w
Harold Roy-Macauley's presentation on "Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice): A CGIAR research center and pan-African association of member countries" to the World Bank delegation from Côte d'Ivoire led by Mr Pierre Laporte, World Bank Country Director for Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea, and Togo based in Abidjan, visited AfricaRice headquarters on 15 July 2016. The other members of the delegation were Mr Abdoulaye Touré, Lead Agricultural Economist and Task Team Leader of WAAPP-World Bank (Africa Bureau); and Mr Taleb Ould Sid Ahmed, Senior Communications Officer. Mr Hiroshi Hiraoka, Senior Agriculture Economist, AFTA2, World Bank and member of the Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) Steering Committee also accompanied the delegation.
ICRISAT Annual Report - Agricultural and digital technologies approach- Integ...ICRISAT
Faced with frequent unpredictable dry spells, farmers rely on mobile climate advisories for critical and timely information to decide when to sow crops and when to store or release harvested rainwater in villages.
Speakers: Gaoussou Traore and Erika Styger
Title: Improving and Scaling Up SRI in West Africa - A Success Story
Date: September 15, 2015
Venue: SRI-Rice Seminar Series, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
1. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Phosiso Sola, PhD; World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
And DryDev Team
Dryland Development Programme (DryDev)
Close out Webinar
30th June 2020
2. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
The programme
• Six-year initiative (August 2013 to July 2019) funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
(MoFA) of the Netherlands and World Vision Australia (WVA).
• The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) is the overall implementing agency working
with a Consortium of 21 NGOs
Country National Lead Organization Implementing Partners
Burkina Faso ICRAF (Reseau Marp) SNV; Tree Aid
Ethiopia World Vision EOC/DICAC; REST
Kenya World Vision SNV; CARITAS; ADRA
Mali Sahel Eco OXFAM; AMEDD; AMEPPE
Niger Care International OXFAM; World Vision; KARKARA; AREN; RAIL; CRESA
3. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
The programme
Vision: Households residing in arid and semi arid areas
have transitioned from subsistence farming and
emergency aid to sustainable rural development
• Through increasing food and water security, enhancing
market access, and strengthening the local economy for
different categories of farmers.
• Implemented in 110 sites across 5 countries
• Informed by farmer priorities
• Site based integration and saturation of
interventions
• Scaling up what works
4. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
The journey
Inception Phase
(Aug 2013 – March 2015)
Implementation Phase
New theory of
change
New
programming
frame
Limited field
contact
Bridge phase
(April –June 2015
Programme full swing
A lot of technical
support to partners
and farmers
Planned comparison
roll out
>70% on
development targets
Re-launch
June –Dec 2015
2016 to June 2018
Design Phase
Partner selection
County business plans
developed
Implementation quick
wins
Less coordinated
approach
Programme
approval July
New
contracting
process
Integration of
research
Field work in
October
Consolidation and
Exit Phase
Programme full swing
Reduced technical
support to partners
and farmers
Conclusion of planned
comparison
Scaling activities
>80 % on
development targets
July 2018 –June
2019
Development activities
Action research activities
5. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Options by Context approach
Learning /research
priorities
Yes
Implement using
current practice /as
recommended
No
• Is there something the farmers and team are not absolutely
confident about the selected options with regards to i) applicability
(where does it work best), ii) application (how is it implemented)
and, iii) effectiveness (where and when does it give desired
outcomes)?
• Are there differing opinions among i) farmers, ii) extension/
technical experts, and iii) between farmers and technical experts ?
• Is there another way of implementing the option?
Prioritized
Options
Identification
of options
Vision
setting
Community
engagement
and team
preparation
Basis for the programme implementation plans
Core values
1. Bottom-up farmer-led approach
2. Leveraging strategic partnerships
3. Integration on site
6. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Number of farmers reached
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Numberoffarmers
Year
Total Women
41,772 43,922
35,363
46,437
52,200
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Numberoffarmersreached
Country
Farmers reached, by 2019
Total Women
49%
97%
7. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Number of farmers reached
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Numberoffarmersreached
Year
Sub-catchment management On-farm Water & Soil management
Climate Smart Agriculture Enhancing Market Access
Financial services linking Local governance &institutional strengthening
Planning, monitoring and learning
8. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Overview of achievements
Outcome 1: Increased water capture & soil conservation/ fertility at
sub catchment & farm levels
9. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Improved natural resources management in sub catchments
Burkina Faso Ethiopia Kenya Mali Niger Total
Number engaged 41,772 43,922 20,509 46,437 12,169 164,809
Number engaged women 22,379 16,690 9,199 20,328 5,905 74,501
Area managed using improved NRM
practices (ha)
21,087.8 50,711 13,472 27,558 50,917 163,745.55
Average per person (ha) 0.50 1.15 0.66 0.59 4.18 0.99
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Landarea(ha)
Numberofpeople
Year
Total people engaged Women engaged
Area rehabilitated (ha)
• National watershed management
strategy facilitated work in
Ethiopia
• Private land holding delayed work
in Kenya
• Long standing history of FMNR
catalysed work in Niger
10. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Burkina Faso Niger
Almost 100,000 ha of land rehabilitated in agro-pastoral areas of Sahel countries
Mali
11. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Watershed rehabilitation, Tseda Emba -Ethiopia
Rain water harvesting upland
Reclaimed and productive lands
Productive lands downstream
12. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Rehabilitation of riverine land in Kyon SBV -Burkina
Goundo river: rehabilitation of 20
ha of riverine land to support
24,000 users agro-sylvo-pastoralists
13. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Kenya, Machakos, Ndivuni:
Rehabilitation of land through trenches, seed balling, FMNR
Rehabilitated land improved
fodder, bee keeping
Sand dam: Improved water security for 900 HHs
and over 13,550 livestock and micro irrigation
14. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Improved grazing management for increased productivity Samre in Ethiopia
free-grazing regime causing
severe erosion and floods
Introduced cut and carry system
• Improved on 42 ha through grass
seeding
• Serves as a water recharge zone, ground
water for irrigation and livestock
• Improved milk production per cow more
than two-fold
15. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
• Grass reseeding on 261 ha by
111 women for goat breed
improvement
• Cross-breeding of 127 Small
East African Goat (SEG) giving
315 Filial Generation1 (F1)
Galla-SEG off-springs in 18
months
• Galla-SEG sold at USD150
instead of USD40 for the small
local SEG
Rehabilitation of denuded lands for fodder production in Makueni County, Kenya
16. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Tree planting
Burkina Faso Ethiopia Kenya Mali Niger Total
Trees planted 328,332 3,320,895 164,658 182,211 629,782 4,625,878
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Numberoftreesplanted
Year
• 72% of trees
planted in Ethiopia
• survival improved
through mulching
and watering
17. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Overview of achievements
Outcome 2: Increased production of profitable, climate‐smart
commodities & food crops
18. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
• 953 rainwater harvesting and storage
units
• 53,779 farmers (12,972 women)
engaged in irrigation
• 16,481.68 ha of land was put under
irrigation
• 70% of which was in Ethiopia,
• and 13% in both Burkina Faso and
Kenya
• Farmers were able to grow crops twice-
a-year, which more than doubled their
yield especially in Ethiopia and Kenya
Water buffering and gardening in Niger
Water buffering a game changer in drylands food production
19. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
More than 50 sand dams in Kenya storing water for
market gardening, livestock and household use
Kitui: Sand dam providing water up to 500m away (shallow and deep well)
20. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Burkina Faso
Mali
Ethiopia
229 farm ponds in Kenya
Farm ponds/wells extended and or doubled the cropping cycles, facilitated engagement of more women and youth
21. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Water buffering Samre check dam -Ethiopia
Large scale water
buffering
Made possible by
levering strategic
partnerships like the IPs
and government
programmes in Ethiopia
22. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Soil and water conservation (SWC) key in dryland farming
149, 119 farmers,
(55,995 women
=38%) participated
putting 105,592 ha
under SWC by
20190
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
AreaunderSWC(ha)
Numberoffarmersengaged
Year
Total
Women
Land with promoted soil and water management options (ha)
23. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Soil and water conservation (SWC) key in dryland farming
• Across all countries 55% of the farmers
engaged were practicing SWC
• relatively more farmers were engaged in
Burkina Faso (41,772) and Niger (43,777)
• more land under SWC in Burkina Faso
(15,684.50ha) and Kenya (18,376 ha)
• larger pieces of land covered in Ethiopia
and Kenya with 1.2 ha and 0.89 ha per
farmer respectively
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Numberfofarmers
Year
Farmers reached with on farm SWC information and events
Farmers practising promoted soil and water management
options
24. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Zai pit technology assured a harvest for most farmers and increased
yield for others
NigerKenya
Burkina Faso
25. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Maize crop performance in 2x2 m Zai pits in Kenya planned comparison
Practice Makueni All counties
Number Mean Yield
(Kg/Ha)
Number Mean Yield
(Kg/Ha)
Farmer practice 103 598 (1125) 278 347 (809)
Farmer practice +
manure
41 743 (972) 180 337 (770)
Zai pit (2x2) 13 800 (1430) 86 800 (1277)
Zai pit (2x2) +
manure
115 2308
(2140)
315 1611
(1677)
26. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Participating in climate smart agricultural (CSA) production
125,154 farmers (55,347
women) participated
105,481 farmers (46,596
women) applied
promoted climate smart
production options
on 60,585 ha, across the
five countries0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
AreaunderCSP(ha)
Numberoffarmers
Year
Farmers reached with on farm CSP information and events
Number of farmers using/applying promoted climate smart production options
Farm land with one or more promoted climate smart production options (ha)
27. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Climate smart agriculture production diversified crops and increased yields using
contextually appropriate seed and seed systems
Kenya
Niger
Burkina Faso
Ethiopia
Mali
28. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Overview of achievements
Outcome 3: Increased sales of targeted value chain commodities by
male, female, and vulnerable
29. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Increased participation of male, female and disadvantaged farmers in lucrative value
chains
• 81,750 people (36,582 women)
engaged in various value chains
• about 40% of the farmers and 33%
of the women
• . More than 71,000 farmers (36,582
women) were producing
• 50,000 were selling commodities
especially in Burkina Faso (13,645)
and Ethiopia (14,232)
• =Most produced for food
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Numberoffarmers
Year
Farmers reached with information and events for market linkages
Total
Farmers reached with information and events for market linkages
Women
Number of farmers producing commodities of the targeted value
chains Total
30. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
#Farmers reached
Total W
Number of farmers producing
commodities
71,633 36,582
Number of farmers selling commodities 52,570 27,960
Number of farmers processing or adding
value
20,333 10,459
32 value chains
were developed to
varying levels of
success
Burkina Faso Ethiopia Kenya Mali Niger
Groundnut
Millet
Onion
Indigenous
chicken
Cow peas
Sorghum
NTFP based
Milk
Haricot bean
Honey
Onion
Potato
Indigenous
chicken
Shoat (Goat,
sheep)
Sorghum
Tomato
Wheat
Honey
Mangoes
Onion
Indigenous
chicken
Pulses (green
gram,
pigeon, cow
peas)
Goat
Spinach
Tomato
Watermelon
Millet
Sorghum
Groundn
ut
Cow peas
Sugar
cane
NTFP
based
products
Women appr. 51%
Increased participation in
lucrative value chains
31. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Relatively successful value chain commodities
Potatoes -Ethiopia
Shea -Burkina Faso
Honey -Kenya
Goats -Ethiopia
Harricot bean -Ethiopia
NTFPs -Niger
Green grams -Kenya
Magoes -Kenya
Chickens -Ethiopia
Onion -Burkina Faso
Millet, soghum -Mali
Tomatoes -Kenya
32. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Increased numbers of famers linked to credit/financial services
• 63,156 people, (26,243 women),
participated in financial literacy and
linkages activities
• a 20-times increase from 2015
• MFIs availed USD1.6 million in loans
to more than 63,266 farmers (23,310
women)
• 60,525 farmers (30,207 women) were
able to save with financial institutions
including VSLAs.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Valueofloans/savingsinUSD1000
Numberoffarmers
Programme period
Number of farmers engaged with finacial linkages information and events
Number of farmers accessing loans
Number of farmers saving
Value/amount of loans accessed by farmers US$
Value/amount of savings made by farmers
33. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Overview of achievements
Outcome 4: Improved local governance & institutional
functioning
34. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
2016 2017 2018 2019
%farmers
Numberoffarmers
Year
Chart Title
Number of farmers in FO
Number of people engaged in institutional capacity building
% farmers in farmer orgnisation
% women in farmer organisations
Improving farmer organisations
694 farmer organisations were
supported and formalised through
registration as cooperatives or
associations
High proportion of women in FO, many
women only organisations
More than 2,568 people (789 women)
duty bearers had capacity
took action with regards to their roles
and leadership responsibilities
driving and catalysing farmer to farmer
extension systems.
35. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
0 10 20 30 40
Improved compliance, certificate renewal, by law review
Increased membership, new groups, active participation
Clarity of roles, reduced conflict, more cohesion, trust
Increased participation, transparency and accountability
Improved leadership, group management
More investment/benefits, grant, loan, contributions
Activity diversification, goats, pultry, grass, treep planting,
terraces/zai pits
Vision setting, planning , record keeping, financial
management
% Respondents in Kenya
ChangesinFOs Increased capacity of local duty-bearers and farmer organizations
36. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Overview of achievements
Outcome 5: Critical mass of development actors motivated, able, and resourced to
support/directly implement evidenced options
37. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Multi stakeholder sharing and learning
What works, for who, where, with what, with who?
38. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Outcome 5
Critical mass of development actors motivated, able, and
resourced to support/directly implement evidenced options
• 350 scaling
stakeholders were
engaged across the
five countries
• Opportunities and
potential for scaling
identified
• Process not
completed
39. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Outcome 6
More supportive/appropriate policies & wider conducive institutional
environment for wide uptake of evidence
In the Sahel countries contributed to
• improvements in land tenure security,
• revitalization of land tenure commissions (CoFo) at village levels.
Kenya the main achievement
• domesticating the Water Act that empowers Water Resource Users Associations
• formation of village and ward level development committees and stakeholder forums for
improved coordination, cooperation and service delivery
41. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Lessons and insights
• Options by context framework allowed promotion of locally suited and priority interventions to
farmers and cultivated a sense of ownership among the farmers and it is expected that the farmers will
sustain the programme results
• Funding research in development
• Integration of research and learning contingent on funds availability
• Limited funds constrained generation of evidence and scaling
• Need for proactive gender and social inclusion strategy
• Relatively fewer women engages -needed targeted efforts to influence and challenge existing gender
and social norms to allow women to participate and make decision about household resource
allocation including labour
42. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Lessons and insights
• Meticulous partner selection is critical for consortium delivery
• Innovative delivery requires more than capacity, needs learning, ability, willingness and ability to
change, adapt
• Proper functioning of country level consortiums was key and this was not achieved in all the
countries affecting programme delivery
• Limited staffing and technical capacity in some the country teams
• DryDev not benefiting from partner development infrastructure, always treated as separate unit
• Programme governance and oversight critical in mobilising and directing technical support
• Clear separation of responsibilities, roles among the three tier structure, implementing agency,
national lead organization and implementing partner
• Responsibilities should be accompanied by adequate resoures at all levels
• Implementation time frame
• The extended inception period rendered the implementation quite short, when interventions need longer term
investment to deliver impacts
43. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Lessons and insights
• Enabling sub national governance systems can make the ultimate difference
• Subnational governance systems and existence of stakeholders with capacity to engage with and leverage
resources to the programme played a key role in the success of the East Africa Programme
• Effective extension and facilitation are key for success
• DryDev relied on grassroots extension service, often weak or inexistent
• Each country teams designed technology transfer models and methods centred on farmer-to-farmer
extension, with variable degrees of success
Land tenure
• Can influence the success and appropriate strategy to design watershed management
interventions; it took longer to negotiate approach in the private land in Kenya
• Scale of intervention for natural resources management
• DryDev used the sub-catchment watershed scale to implement community-based landscape
restoration commonly used in Eastern Africa, Sahelian concept was not easily implemented
44. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
Key message
• Contextual tailoring of interventions, bottom up processes and co-learning
approaches enhance farmer-stakeholders interaction and technology
uptake/ adoption –builds confidence
• Generating evidence on what works where for who is critical for learning,
adoption and scaling in mega development projects
• Successful scaling of technologies require massive local level participation
facilitated by enduring local institutions including farmer organisations,
subnational governments and strategic stakeholders with capacity to
leverage resources
45. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees
World Agroforestry (ICRAF),
United Nations Avenue, Gigiri,
P.O Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Phone: +254 20 722 4000
Fax: +254 20 722 4001
Email: icraf@cgiar.org
Website: www.worldagroforestry.org
Thank you!
p.sola@cgiar.org
Editor's Notes
Farmers learnt that no one size fits all, what works for one does not necessarily work for the other due to fine variation in context
Farmers and scientists, technical staff, discussion results of post harvest pest control PC in Kenya