With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Prospects for REDD+ in swidden landscapesCIFOR-ICRAF
Abstract of the research referred to in this presentation: The mosaic swidden landscapes with forests, fallows, and fields of northern Laos are undergoing rapid land use change as intensified agriculture and plantations are expanding. This may occur at the expense of older forests, but it is mostly secondary regrowth that is removed and not allowed to grow back to forest. This happens as a response to: 1) land allocation policies that restrict swidden systems to very short fallow cycles; 2) economic policies promoting investment in cash crops and land development; and 3) the uneven enforcement of land policies. We show how contradicting land and economic policies in Laos cause deforestation and forest degradation, with local people as both potential winners and losers. Based on interviews with villages and district, provincial and national level government staff, we argue that successful REDD+ will be difficult to achieve in the current policy environment. Moreover, as local people seize every opportunity to increase their well-being, REDD+ without substantial local payments will not be competitive with other land use activities. A strong focus on the multiple benefits of non-carbon ecosystem services will have to be developed in conjunction with REDD+ to spare the mosaic swidden landscapes that provide these services.
This presentation was given by Ole Mertz at the IUFRO conference in Beijing, China that was held from October 24-27, 2016.
Risk coping in swidden livelihoods and the potential of REDD+ in Laos CIFOR-ICRAF
Abstract this presernation refers to. This paper examines the risk coping strategies of swidden farmers in Phonxai district of northern Laos, where management of forest and agriculture mosaics is a traditional land use strategy that is well attuned to managing risks. The remaining forests in Lao PDR are largely found in these swidden landscapes where swidden farmers are frequently disadvantaged minority peoples with limited land rights. Misconceptions about swidden are common in Laos – swidden is considered as the major driver of deforestation and forest degradation, and its potential for delivery of ecosystem services over the longer term is largely ignored. As such, policies are in place to restrict swidden, affecting livelihood and landscape sustainability.
We used mixed methods to understand local livelihoods and risk coping strategies. The farmers rely heavily on kinship support and frequently adapt their swidden fields and fallows in response to market signals. We also used field-based games to assess how swidden farmers will respond to forest incentives such as PES or REDD+. The games structure delivery of incentives in the form of individual actions, communal performance and as a form of insurance – mimicking livelihood and coping strategies. The group-oriented incentives provide highest impact in reducing forest use. Results suggest that well-designed incentives can complement forest management within swidden landscapes.
This presentation was given by Grace Wong at the IUFRO conference in Beijing, China that was held from October 24-27, 2016.
The evolving role of tropical forests for local livelihoods in IndonesiaCIFOR-ICRAF
Locals along Malinau River in East Kalimantan say village life is improving, thanks to development projects, logging and mining activities, but they are concerned about the declining quality of their forests and the environment. The trade-off is negative to their livelihoods, especially in the long-term. Forest communities, often living in remote areas, support both development and conservation efforts. Giving greater control to local people in managing tropical forests, e.g. through adaptive and collaborative management, therefore offers both environmental and development benefits. CIFOR scientist Imam Basuki gave a presentation on these findings in a parallel session of the inaugral International Conference of Indonesian Forestry Researchers (INAFOR), held from 5 – 7 December 2011 in Bogor, Indonesia. INAFOR aims to provide a knowledge-sharing forum for Indonesia’s forestry scientists from governmental agencies or the private sector, and is planned as a preparatory forum for Indonesia’s increased involvement in IUFRO (the International Union of Forest Research Organisations).
Smallholder and community forest management in the tropics: what we know and ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Communities now own or manage a quarter of the world’s tropical forests, but the case studies in this presentation illustrate the many key challenges remaining for smallholder and community forest management in the tropics. For example, the customary rights of smallholders and communities are still not properly recognised; there are discrepancies between the law and the reality in forest management and use; and there are difficulties in linking communities to markets.
CIFOR scientist Amy Duchelle explains how the smallholder and community forest management model came about, and where we need to go next. She gave this presentation on 16 June 2012 as part of the Forest Stewardship Council’s side event at Rio+20. She was answering the topic “Focussing on smallholders and forest communities: achievements and challenges at the local level”.
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods.
Prospects for REDD+ in swidden landscapesCIFOR-ICRAF
Abstract of the research referred to in this presentation: The mosaic swidden landscapes with forests, fallows, and fields of northern Laos are undergoing rapid land use change as intensified agriculture and plantations are expanding. This may occur at the expense of older forests, but it is mostly secondary regrowth that is removed and not allowed to grow back to forest. This happens as a response to: 1) land allocation policies that restrict swidden systems to very short fallow cycles; 2) economic policies promoting investment in cash crops and land development; and 3) the uneven enforcement of land policies. We show how contradicting land and economic policies in Laos cause deforestation and forest degradation, with local people as both potential winners and losers. Based on interviews with villages and district, provincial and national level government staff, we argue that successful REDD+ will be difficult to achieve in the current policy environment. Moreover, as local people seize every opportunity to increase their well-being, REDD+ without substantial local payments will not be competitive with other land use activities. A strong focus on the multiple benefits of non-carbon ecosystem services will have to be developed in conjunction with REDD+ to spare the mosaic swidden landscapes that provide these services.
This presentation was given by Ole Mertz at the IUFRO conference in Beijing, China that was held from October 24-27, 2016.
Risk coping in swidden livelihoods and the potential of REDD+ in Laos CIFOR-ICRAF
Abstract this presernation refers to. This paper examines the risk coping strategies of swidden farmers in Phonxai district of northern Laos, where management of forest and agriculture mosaics is a traditional land use strategy that is well attuned to managing risks. The remaining forests in Lao PDR are largely found in these swidden landscapes where swidden farmers are frequently disadvantaged minority peoples with limited land rights. Misconceptions about swidden are common in Laos – swidden is considered as the major driver of deforestation and forest degradation, and its potential for delivery of ecosystem services over the longer term is largely ignored. As such, policies are in place to restrict swidden, affecting livelihood and landscape sustainability.
We used mixed methods to understand local livelihoods and risk coping strategies. The farmers rely heavily on kinship support and frequently adapt their swidden fields and fallows in response to market signals. We also used field-based games to assess how swidden farmers will respond to forest incentives such as PES or REDD+. The games structure delivery of incentives in the form of individual actions, communal performance and as a form of insurance – mimicking livelihood and coping strategies. The group-oriented incentives provide highest impact in reducing forest use. Results suggest that well-designed incentives can complement forest management within swidden landscapes.
This presentation was given by Grace Wong at the IUFRO conference in Beijing, China that was held from October 24-27, 2016.
The evolving role of tropical forests for local livelihoods in IndonesiaCIFOR-ICRAF
Locals along Malinau River in East Kalimantan say village life is improving, thanks to development projects, logging and mining activities, but they are concerned about the declining quality of their forests and the environment. The trade-off is negative to their livelihoods, especially in the long-term. Forest communities, often living in remote areas, support both development and conservation efforts. Giving greater control to local people in managing tropical forests, e.g. through adaptive and collaborative management, therefore offers both environmental and development benefits. CIFOR scientist Imam Basuki gave a presentation on these findings in a parallel session of the inaugral International Conference of Indonesian Forestry Researchers (INAFOR), held from 5 – 7 December 2011 in Bogor, Indonesia. INAFOR aims to provide a knowledge-sharing forum for Indonesia’s forestry scientists from governmental agencies or the private sector, and is planned as a preparatory forum for Indonesia’s increased involvement in IUFRO (the International Union of Forest Research Organisations).
Smallholder and community forest management in the tropics: what we know and ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Communities now own or manage a quarter of the world’s tropical forests, but the case studies in this presentation illustrate the many key challenges remaining for smallholder and community forest management in the tropics. For example, the customary rights of smallholders and communities are still not properly recognised; there are discrepancies between the law and the reality in forest management and use; and there are difficulties in linking communities to markets.
CIFOR scientist Amy Duchelle explains how the smallholder and community forest management model came about, and where we need to go next. She gave this presentation on 16 June 2012 as part of the Forest Stewardship Council’s side event at Rio+20. She was answering the topic “Focussing on smallholders and forest communities: achievements and challenges at the local level”.
Community forest concessions in Petén, Guatemala: Effective governance for tr...IFPRI-PIM
The devolution of forest rights to local communities is seen as a critical element of strategies aimed at conserving tropical forests and strengthening livelihoods based on them. In this webinar on December 13, 2018, Dietmar Stoian (Bioversity) and Iliana Monterroso (CIFOR) presented findings of an in-depth study of 12 community concessions in the Maya Biosphere Reserve in Petén, Guatemala that focused on the community forest enterprises.
See more at https://pim.cgiar.org/2018/11/29/webinar-community-forest-concessions-in-peten-guatemala/
Costs, benefits and impacts of community forests on livelihoods in CameroonCIFOR-ICRAF
Verina Ingram, Emilie Beauchamp, Guillaume Lescuyer,
Marc Parren, Claude Njomgang, Abdon Awono
Presentation for the conference on
Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry
Montpellier France
March 24-26, 2010
Investment in the sustainable commons conditions for commons based enterprisesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Steven Lawry and Ruth Meinzen-Dick at “GLF Discussion Forum on Commons Tenure for a Common Future” on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Assessing the sustainability of forest plantations in Mezam Division of the N...ijsrd.com
Objectives: The study examined the sustainability of plantation forestry in Mezam Division of the North West Region. Methodology and results: Respondents drawn from a cross-section of plantation owners in five (5) sub-divisions (i.e. Tubah, Bali, Bafut, Santa and Bemenda central) of Mezam Division. Fifty- (50) plantation owners selected through a system of random sampling. Data collected through the administered questionnaires were on social, economic, ecological, profitability, management strategies and constraints to plantation forestry in the study area. Structure questionnaires were instrument used for data collection. Analytical tools used were descriptive statistic including tables, means, and percentages to describe the socio-economic characteristic of respondents, while chi-square and Benefit Cost Ratio models were used to determined profitability and opinion of plantation owners respectively. The results reveal that majority of plantation owners were men 84.5% and widows make up 15.5% of the respondents. They all owned families. Benefit Cost Ratio B/C calculated was 0.7 (B/C . 1) this results implies that plantation business is not profitable compared to an alternative land use system, although they was a marginal profit of eight thousand five hundred francs 8500f ($ 17 USD) for the sale of one acre of plantation. Chi-square test of equal probability showed that they were no significant difference at 0.05% probability level for private plantation owners. The main constraints confronting plantation forestry business in the study area are access to finance, followed by wildfires, unfavorable government policies and finally bad road networks leading to their plantation. The Benefit Cost Ratio B/C calculated (B/C . 1) mean plantation business is not profitable compared to an alternative land use system, although they were marginal benefits. The study therefore recommend that private plantation be encourage to ensure less dependence on natural forest and to also mitigation climate change and through this jobs created and livelihood improved to the rural communities
Framing the discussion: Developing IBLI Ethiopia research agendaILRI
Presented by S. Chantarat (Cornell University) at the workshop on developing index-based livestock insurance to reduce vulnerability due to drought-related livestock deaths, ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 12 July 2010.
Taking the long view USAID, USFS, USGS investment in smallholder and communit...CIFOR-ICRAF
Jordan Kimball, Scott Bode, Nicodème Tchamou, Boubacar Thiam, Diane Russell, Gray Tappan and Dan Whyner with inspiration from Tim Resch and Mike McGahuey
Taking Stock of Smallholder and Community Forestry Montpellier, 24-26 March 2010
Why managing and restoring tropical forests matterCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Plinio Sist at “Managing and restoring natural tropical forests: Ensuring a sustainable flow of benefits for people in the context of global change” Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Are community based forest enterprises financially viable: Three case studies...CIFOR-ICRAF
Shoana Humphries, University of Florida
Dr. Tom Holmes, USDA Forest Service
Dr. Karen Kainer, University of Florida
Carlos Gabriel Koury, IDESAM
Rosana de Miranda Rocha, IDSM
Edson Cruz, Projeto Ambe
Presentation for the conference on
Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry
Montpellier France
March 24-26, 2010
Mr. Nicolás Lucas - Addressing Deforestation at the Country LevelJohn Blue
Addressing Deforestation at the Country Level - Mr. Nicolás Lucas, Environmental Management and Natural Capital, Ministry of Agroindustry, Argentina, from the 2016 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), October 5 - 6, 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
More presentations at http://trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2016-global-roundtable-sustainable-beef
the delicate topic of Sustainable Development through a
book which I have co-authored and give to the audience also a perspective on
how Education can sensitively provide support for this framework.
I will participate in my role of affiliate professor of management and behavior
for Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France ( www.ggsb.com)
by mark esposito (m.esposito@ht.umass.edu)
Similar to Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest concessions: Evidence from the Maya Biosphere Reserve in Petén, Guatemala
Community forest concessions in Petén, Guatemala: Effective governance for tr...IFPRI-PIM
The devolution of forest rights to local communities is seen as a critical element of strategies aimed at conserving tropical forests and strengthening livelihoods based on them. In this webinar on December 13, 2018, Dietmar Stoian (Bioversity) and Iliana Monterroso (CIFOR) presented findings of an in-depth study of 12 community concessions in the Maya Biosphere Reserve in Petén, Guatemala that focused on the community forest enterprises.
See more at https://pim.cgiar.org/2018/11/29/webinar-community-forest-concessions-in-peten-guatemala/
Costs, benefits and impacts of community forests on livelihoods in CameroonCIFOR-ICRAF
Verina Ingram, Emilie Beauchamp, Guillaume Lescuyer,
Marc Parren, Claude Njomgang, Abdon Awono
Presentation for the conference on
Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry
Montpellier France
March 24-26, 2010
Investment in the sustainable commons conditions for commons based enterprisesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Steven Lawry and Ruth Meinzen-Dick at “GLF Discussion Forum on Commons Tenure for a Common Future” on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Assessing the sustainability of forest plantations in Mezam Division of the N...ijsrd.com
Objectives: The study examined the sustainability of plantation forestry in Mezam Division of the North West Region. Methodology and results: Respondents drawn from a cross-section of plantation owners in five (5) sub-divisions (i.e. Tubah, Bali, Bafut, Santa and Bemenda central) of Mezam Division. Fifty- (50) plantation owners selected through a system of random sampling. Data collected through the administered questionnaires were on social, economic, ecological, profitability, management strategies and constraints to plantation forestry in the study area. Structure questionnaires were instrument used for data collection. Analytical tools used were descriptive statistic including tables, means, and percentages to describe the socio-economic characteristic of respondents, while chi-square and Benefit Cost Ratio models were used to determined profitability and opinion of plantation owners respectively. The results reveal that majority of plantation owners were men 84.5% and widows make up 15.5% of the respondents. They all owned families. Benefit Cost Ratio B/C calculated was 0.7 (B/C . 1) this results implies that plantation business is not profitable compared to an alternative land use system, although they was a marginal profit of eight thousand five hundred francs 8500f ($ 17 USD) for the sale of one acre of plantation. Chi-square test of equal probability showed that they were no significant difference at 0.05% probability level for private plantation owners. The main constraints confronting plantation forestry business in the study area are access to finance, followed by wildfires, unfavorable government policies and finally bad road networks leading to their plantation. The Benefit Cost Ratio B/C calculated (B/C . 1) mean plantation business is not profitable compared to an alternative land use system, although they were marginal benefits. The study therefore recommend that private plantation be encourage to ensure less dependence on natural forest and to also mitigation climate change and through this jobs created and livelihood improved to the rural communities
Framing the discussion: Developing IBLI Ethiopia research agendaILRI
Presented by S. Chantarat (Cornell University) at the workshop on developing index-based livestock insurance to reduce vulnerability due to drought-related livestock deaths, ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 12 July 2010.
Taking the long view USAID, USFS, USGS investment in smallholder and communit...CIFOR-ICRAF
Jordan Kimball, Scott Bode, Nicodème Tchamou, Boubacar Thiam, Diane Russell, Gray Tappan and Dan Whyner with inspiration from Tim Resch and Mike McGahuey
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Why managing and restoring tropical forests matterCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Plinio Sist at “Managing and restoring natural tropical forests: Ensuring a sustainable flow of benefits for people in the context of global change” Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
Are community based forest enterprises financially viable: Three case studies...CIFOR-ICRAF
Shoana Humphries, University of Florida
Dr. Tom Holmes, USDA Forest Service
Dr. Karen Kainer, University of Florida
Carlos Gabriel Koury, IDESAM
Rosana de Miranda Rocha, IDSM
Edson Cruz, Projeto Ambe
Presentation for the conference on
Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry
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Mr. Nicolás Lucas - Addressing Deforestation at the Country LevelJohn Blue
Addressing Deforestation at the Country Level - Mr. Nicolás Lucas, Environmental Management and Natural Capital, Ministry of Agroindustry, Argentina, from the 2016 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), October 5 - 6, 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
More presentations at http://trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2016-global-roundtable-sustainable-beef
the delicate topic of Sustainable Development through a
book which I have co-authored and give to the audience also a perspective on
how Education can sensitively provide support for this framework.
I will participate in my role of affiliate professor of management and behavior
for Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France ( www.ggsb.com)
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An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge.
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
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Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
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Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
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Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest concessions: Evidence from the Maya Biosphere Reserve in Petén, Guatemala
1. Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest concessions:
Evidence from the Maya Biosphere Reserve in Petén, Guatemala
Dietmar Stoian, Aldo Rodas & Iliana Monterroso
XXV IUFRO World Congress, Curitiba, Brazil, October 1, 2019
2. Prensa Libre, Guatemala; August 12, 2018
Radachowsky et al. (2012)
Problem addressed: Tenure conflicts, land use change, and community
stewardship in the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR), Petén, Guatemala
MBR
Diario de Centroamérica, September 12, 2019
3. Study Design
Three Phases
1) Context analysis: political-legal & institutional frameworks, value chains
2) Enterprise assessment: all 12 Community Forest Enterprises (CFEs)
3) Household assessment: CFE members (n=292), mostly selected at random
Donovan & Stoian (2012)
Livelihood and business assets:
human, social, natural, financial
and physical capital
-G
5Capitals: First cohort of 3 active concessions 2014/15
5Capitals-G: 2016/17 data from 6 remaining active concessions (w Rainforest Alliance)
2018 assessment of 3 inactive concessions
Gender-responsive version
(Stoian et al. 2019)
4. Study area: 12 community concessions (400,830ha) in the Multiple Use Zone (MUZ)
of the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Petén, Guatemala
6. effective, readily available, advanced, well developed, highly functional
moderately effective, existent, developing, functional
ineffective, unavailable, rudimentary/inexistent, underdeveloped, dysfunctional
Context Analysis:
Enabling/disabling
conditions
Enabling conditions for the management
of community forest concessions in the MUZ
At present
Before signing
concession
contracts
Tenure security (de jure)
Tenure security (de facto)
Sense of ownership regarding forest resources
Political and institutional support provided by government agencies
Guidelines for managing timber and non-timber forest products based on
technical criteria (e.g. regeneration and growth rates)
Obtaining forest certification (FSC)
Science-based evidence of the sustainability of timber extraction including
species protected under CITES
Sense of ownership and skills development for forest management and
conservation
Technical support provided by government agencies
Technical support and advocacy provided by NGOs and projects
Access to working capital for timber extraction and processing
Availability of commercially valuable timber and non-timber forest products
Availability of forest products for supporting livelihoods needs
Access to markets for high-value timber species
Access to markets for lesser-known timber species
Access to markets for non-timber forest products
Complementarity/Compatibility between timber and NTFP utilization
Opportunities for women with respect to forest activities and the
administration of community forest enterprises
Internal and external governance structures that allow to mitigate external
threats (from outside the MUZ), such as wild fires, expansion of cattle
ranching and illicit activities
General improvement of
enabling environment
but persisting threats from
outside of the community
concession areas
7. Note: This map shows deforestation trends in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Petén, Guatemala
during the period 2000-2013; hashed areas are certified forestry concessions. Courtesy of the
Rainforest Alliance.
Effective "social fencing" in 9 active community concessions, but deforestation in 3 inactive concessions.
Still, community stewardship best model for ensuring both forest conservation and livelihood benefits.
Context: Conservation/deforestation in Maya Biosphere Reserve
Source: Hodgdon (2015)
9. Community Forest Enterprises (CFE)
9 active CFEs: membership increased by 26% (2000–2017)
3 inactive CFEs: ceased to operate between 2007 and 2009
Numberofmembers
CFE
Evolution of membership in the 12 CFEs, 1994-2017
Numberofmembers
10. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Full-time Full-time women Part-time Part-time women Full-time Full-time women Part-time Part-time women
Today Five years Ago
NumberofEmployees
CFE
Employment in 6 CFEs assessed with 5Capitals-G
AFISAP SCAV SCEE SCCUSTOSEL SCIS SCOMYC
5 years ago
Gendered employment in CFEs
Today
11. Today (semi-)professional management in 9 active CFEs
Own sawmill operated by 8 of them
Table 3:Evolution of CFE Management Over Time
Year
AFIC
APROLAPA
APROSAM
AFICC
AFISAP
Coop.Carmelita
SCAV
SCEE
SCCUSTOSEL
SCIS
SCLB
SCOMYC
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001 *
2002 *
2003
2004
2005 *
2006 *
2007 *
2008 * *
2009 * *
2010 * * *
2011 * * * * * *
2012 * * * * * *
2013 * * * * * *
2014 * * * * * *
2015 * * * * *
2016 * * * * *
2017 * * * *
Key: CFE Management
Red Not in operation
Tan No manager
Yellow Manager without formal training
Green Manager with formal training
* Manager is Non-Member of the CFE
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Degreeofprocessing
Year
Evolution of wood processing
AFIC APROLAPA APROSAM AFICC
AFISAP Coop. Carmelita SCAV SCEE
SCCUSTOSEL SCIS SCLB SCOMYC
CFE-owned sawmill
Rented sawmill
Roundwood sales
Flitch
Standing timber
No sales
Professionalization
ofmanagement
andprocessing
12. Q 187.3 millions (~US$25 million) from timber sales
Source: Own elaboration based on unpublished CFE data
Timber sales of active CFEs, 2012-2016 (in GTQ)
Financial Capital: CFE timber sales, 2012-2016
Timber sales of active CFEs, 2012-2016, by year (in GTQ)
High dependency on mahogany: 50% of volume, 74% of value
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
15. n=292 households11 CFEs
Forest income:
38%
Other sources
Cattle ranching
Pension
Remittances Tourism Agriculture Rent Beekeeping
Support from
their children
Petty
commerce: 19%
Employment
(temporary or
permanent):
19%
Handicrafts
Financial Capital: Composition of household income among members of 9 active
CFEs and ex-members of 2 inactive CFEs (average across 11 CFEs)
Forest income in 9 active CFEs contributes 11-63% of hh income.
Additional sources include petty commerce, employment, agriculture and others.
16. Re-investment of forest income
in human, social and physical capitals
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Inversión en
el hogar
Salud Educación Inversión en
el hogar
Salud Educación
Ingreso proveniente del ingreso por
empleo EFC
Inversión proveniente por repartición
de dividendo
PorcentajedemiembrosdeEFC
AFICC AFISAP Coop. Carmelita
SCAV ESEE SCCUSTOSEL
SCIS SCLB SCOMYC
Housing
improvement
Health Education Health Education
Investments based
on CFE employment
Investments based
on CFE dividend
PercentageofCFEmembers
Housing
improvement
18. Año / Concesión La Colorada (%) La Pasadita (%) San Miguel (%)
1990 97 93 92
1995 96 91 91
2000 95 89 91
2007 95 78 89
2010 82 63 77
2011 82 61 77
2012 83 59 74
2013 83 59 75
2014 84 58 76
2015 84 56 74
2016 84 55 74
Entre 2010 y 2016 2 -8 -3
Year | CFE
After cancellation/ suspension, 2010-2016 +2 -8 -3
Ongoing deforestation in two inactive concessions
Halted deforestation in another, but at a high cost (US$200,000 per year)
Forest cover in inactive concessions, 1990-2016
19. Principal income sources today, during and prior to CFE operations
Agriculture
Bee keeping
Livestock raising
Other employment
Daily wages
Petty commerce
Today During Before
CFE employment
Allspice
Xate
Livelihood shifts in inactive concession – San Miguel
n=13 households
Number of households
Move out of forest-based activities into agriculture and livestock raising.
21. Principal findings
• Livelihood & business assets (human, social, natural, physical and financial capitals)
have increased, and asset-building at the CFE level helps building those of CFE
member households ➔ positive feedback loops
• Annual forest-based income (US$500-10,000 per household) allows most CFE
member households to move out of extreme poverty, or poverty altogether.
• Gender-differentiated job opportunities exist in value chains for timber and NTFPs,
improving both sexes' access to and control over livelihood and business assets.
• Enhanced job opportunities reduce outmigration and, overall, there are important
spillover effects to local communities and the regional economy.
• General improvement of governance in the CFEs and their concessions, but threats
from outside (buffer zone, core zone, competing claims over MBR resources)
22. Conclusions
• By far the largest reform process in protected areas in Central America, with local
communities as both beneficiaries and stewards of tropical forest conservation
• Combined evidence of the community concessions' environmental and socio-
economic performance ➔ strong case for concession renewal (due 2022-2027)
• Maya Biosphere Reserve clear example of powerful role community stewardship
of tropical forests for forest conservation and rural development ➔ important
lessons for other countries promoting forest governance reforms
23. Thank you!
Available online (Bioversity International, CIFOR & World Agroforestry websites):
Monterroso, Stoian, Lawry & Rodas (2018)Stoian, Rodas & Arguello (2017)
Stoian, Rodas, Butler et al. (2019)
Stoian, Rodas, Butler et al. (2019)