A review paper on watchdog mechanism in wireless sensor network to eliminate ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Wireless Sensor network (WSN) are broadly used today in various fields such as environmental control, surveillance task, object tracking, military applications etc. As WSN is an ad-hoc network which is deployed in such an environment which is physically insecure, intrusion detection has been one of the major area of research in WSN. Inorder to achieve an appropriate level of security in WSNs we cannot depend on cryptographic techniques as these techniques fall prey to insider attacks. This paper discusses on watchdog mechanism, one of the intrusion detection techniques in Wireless Sensor Network. Watchdog is a monitoring technique which detects the misbehaving nodes in the network. The main area of focus in this paper is being made to the problems in existing watchdog technique for malicious node detection. Index Terms: Wireless Sensor Network, Security Intrusion Detection, Watchdog.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
We would send hard copy of Journal by speed post to the address of correspondence author after online publication of paper.
We will dispatched hard copy to the author within 7 days of date of publication
Real-Time Location Systems Security using Distance BoundingIJRES Journal
Traditional Authentication protocols, that run between a prover and a verifier, enable the verifier to decide whether a prover is fraud or authenticate by using technique like password, smart card, but location based attacks cannot be prevent using these techniques. Networks like Real Time Location System (RTLS), Wireless, Mobile Adhoc Network (MANet) suffer location based attacks. Location based attacks categories in distance fraud, mafia fraud, and terrorist fraud. Distance bounding technique is use for secure neighbor detection in RTLS that cryptographically measure an upper bound for the physical distance between two network devices. In this paper propose architecture for physical proximity or location verification of devices, for all types of attacks and prevention technique to these location based attacks
A Security Mechanism Against Reactive Jammer Attack In Wireless Sensor Netwo...ijsptm
Providing an efficient security for wireless sensor network is a crucial challenge which is made more
difficult due to its broadcast nature and restrictions on resources such as energy, power memory usage,
computation and communication capabilities. The Reactive Jammer Attack is a major security threat to
wireless sensor networks because reactive jammer attack is a light weight attack which is easy to launch
but difficult to detect .This work suggest a new scheme to neutralize malicious reactive jammer nodes by
changing the characteristic of trigger nodes to act as only receiver. Here the current approach attempts to
identify the trigger nodes using the group testing technique, which enhances the identification speed and
reduces the message complexity of the status report sent periodically between the sensor nodes and the
base station.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A review paper on watchdog mechanism in wireless sensor network to eliminate ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Wireless Sensor network (WSN) are broadly used today in various fields such as environmental control, surveillance task, object tracking, military applications etc. As WSN is an ad-hoc network which is deployed in such an environment which is physically insecure, intrusion detection has been one of the major area of research in WSN. Inorder to achieve an appropriate level of security in WSNs we cannot depend on cryptographic techniques as these techniques fall prey to insider attacks. This paper discusses on watchdog mechanism, one of the intrusion detection techniques in Wireless Sensor Network. Watchdog is a monitoring technique which detects the misbehaving nodes in the network. The main area of focus in this paper is being made to the problems in existing watchdog technique for malicious node detection. Index Terms: Wireless Sensor Network, Security Intrusion Detection, Watchdog.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
We would send hard copy of Journal by speed post to the address of correspondence author after online publication of paper.
We will dispatched hard copy to the author within 7 days of date of publication
Real-Time Location Systems Security using Distance BoundingIJRES Journal
Traditional Authentication protocols, that run between a prover and a verifier, enable the verifier to decide whether a prover is fraud or authenticate by using technique like password, smart card, but location based attacks cannot be prevent using these techniques. Networks like Real Time Location System (RTLS), Wireless, Mobile Adhoc Network (MANet) suffer location based attacks. Location based attacks categories in distance fraud, mafia fraud, and terrorist fraud. Distance bounding technique is use for secure neighbor detection in RTLS that cryptographically measure an upper bound for the physical distance between two network devices. In this paper propose architecture for physical proximity or location verification of devices, for all types of attacks and prevention technique to these location based attacks
A Security Mechanism Against Reactive Jammer Attack In Wireless Sensor Netwo...ijsptm
Providing an efficient security for wireless sensor network is a crucial challenge which is made more
difficult due to its broadcast nature and restrictions on resources such as energy, power memory usage,
computation and communication capabilities. The Reactive Jammer Attack is a major security threat to
wireless sensor networks because reactive jammer attack is a light weight attack which is easy to launch
but difficult to detect .This work suggest a new scheme to neutralize malicious reactive jammer nodes by
changing the characteristic of trigger nodes to act as only receiver. Here the current approach attempts to
identify the trigger nodes using the group testing technique, which enhances the identification speed and
reduces the message complexity of the status report sent periodically between the sensor nodes and the
base station.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Combined Approach for Worm-Hole and Black-Hole Attack Detection in MANETIJERA Editor
Mobile ad hoc network is a kind of wireless network, in this network all nodes are connected through the wireless links and perform cooperative communication.Due to limited radio range of these devices any time can leave or join the network. Therefore the routing techniques are responsible for the network organization and communication flow. Due to this the performance of MANET is low as compared with the traditional wired communication networks. In addition of that network is suffers from the probability of attacks. Thus in this paper MANET routing strategy and their attacks are investigated and learned. In addition of that in order to secure the communication recent approaches of security in MANET also investigated. Finally a new algorithm for prevention of malicious attack in MANET is suggested. Additionally the based on the concluded facts, future extension of the proposed work is also suggested.
This presentation covers Security Issues in Mobile Adhoc Network in brief, highlighting various attacks such as Sleep Deprivation, Wormhole, Blackhole and Eavesdropping in particulars.
misrouting attack in wireless sensor networks under replication attack. agent based security schemes in Security schemes for wireless sensor networks. International journal paper on wireless sensor networks.
AN APPROACH TO PROVIDE SECURITY IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS USING COUNTER MODE ...IJNSA Journal
Security in any of the networks became an important issue in this paper we have implemented a security mechanism on Medium Access Control layer by Assured Neighbor based Security Protocol to provide authentication and confidentiality of packets along with High speed transmission for Ad hoc networks. Here we have divided the protocol into two different parts. The first part deals with Routing layer information; in this part we have tried to implement a possible strategy for detecting and isolating the malicious nodes. A trust counter for each node is determined which can be actively increased and decreased depending upon the trust value for the purpose of forwarding the packets from source node to destination node with the help of intermediate nodes. A threshold level is also predetermined to detect the malicious nodes. If the value of the node in trust counter is less than the threshold value then the node is denoted ‘malicious’. The second part of our protocol deals with the security in the link layer. For this security reason we have used CTR (Counter) approach for authentication and encryption. We have simulated all our strategies and schemes in NS-2, the result of which gives a conclusion that our proposed protocol i.e. Assured Neighbor based Security Protocol can perform high packet delivery against various intruders and also packet delivery ratio against mobility with low delays and low overheads.
The vampire attack is the class of Denial-of-Service attack. Denial-of-Services in the network is caused by consuming the power of the sensor node. It is also called power draining attacks because of this attack consume the power of sensor nodes and disable the network. It creates a protocol-compliant message and sends it into the network so that the energy used by the network is more than if the same message transmitted of identical size to the same destination.
Black Hole Attack:
A malicious node advertises the wrong paths as good paths to the source node during the pathfinding process.
When the source selects the path including the attacker node, the traffic starts passing through the adversary node and this node starts dropping the packets selectively or in whole.
Black hole region is the entry point to a large number of harmful attacks.
An Assessment of Security Mechanisms Against Reactive Jammer Attack In Wirele...ijfcstjournal
Wireless sensor networks have been widely applied to various domains such as environmental monitoring
and surveillance. Since wireless sensor networks utilize open transmission media, they are prone to radio
jamming attacks. These attacks are easy to launch but difficult to defend. These attacks may lead to low
network throughput because of jamming signals. Failure of data transmission in sensor networks is due to
corruption of packets by reactive jammers. A number of defence techniques have been proposed in recent
years to deal with these jammer attacks. However, each defence technique is suitable for only a limited
network range and specific jamming conditions. This paper proposes an adaptive approach to detect and
isolate the reactive jammers by using status messages and trigger identification service.
this ppt is useful for both b.e/b.tech students as well as for mca students. in this ppt u will find different types of security issues in manet and their countermeasures.
CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH KEY ALGORITHM TO MITIGATE WORMHOLE ATTACKS AND LURE CATCH ...IAEME Publication
Ad hoc networks are vulnerable to attacks due to mobility of nodes in a dynamic network where nodes can its position at any point of time. In MANeT, a lot of attacks can be initiated but most of them are comparatively easy to detect because of their property of dramatically changing the network data. It is very vital when considering security issues of MANET to consider wormhole attack, which is complex to detect & can spoil important data by directing to illegal nodes. It consists of two malicious nodes and a tunnel among them through which an attacker tunnel the data. In the route discovery process, a wormhole can relay route request and response messages between far-away nodes, creating the manifestation of shorter path to destination.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Comparison of Relational Database and Object Oriented DatabaseEditor IJMTER
The object-oriented database (OODB) is the combination of object-oriented
programming language (OOPL) systems and persistent systems. Object DBMSs add database
functionality to object programming languages. They bring much more than persistent
storage of programming language objects. A major benefit of this approach is the unification
of the application and database development into a seamless data model and language
environment. This report presents the comparison between object oriented database and
relational database. It gives advantages of OODBMS over RDBMS. It gives applications of
OODBMS.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Combined Approach for Worm-Hole and Black-Hole Attack Detection in MANETIJERA Editor
Mobile ad hoc network is a kind of wireless network, in this network all nodes are connected through the wireless links and perform cooperative communication.Due to limited radio range of these devices any time can leave or join the network. Therefore the routing techniques are responsible for the network organization and communication flow. Due to this the performance of MANET is low as compared with the traditional wired communication networks. In addition of that network is suffers from the probability of attacks. Thus in this paper MANET routing strategy and their attacks are investigated and learned. In addition of that in order to secure the communication recent approaches of security in MANET also investigated. Finally a new algorithm for prevention of malicious attack in MANET is suggested. Additionally the based on the concluded facts, future extension of the proposed work is also suggested.
This presentation covers Security Issues in Mobile Adhoc Network in brief, highlighting various attacks such as Sleep Deprivation, Wormhole, Blackhole and Eavesdropping in particulars.
misrouting attack in wireless sensor networks under replication attack. agent based security schemes in Security schemes for wireless sensor networks. International journal paper on wireless sensor networks.
AN APPROACH TO PROVIDE SECURITY IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS USING COUNTER MODE ...IJNSA Journal
Security in any of the networks became an important issue in this paper we have implemented a security mechanism on Medium Access Control layer by Assured Neighbor based Security Protocol to provide authentication and confidentiality of packets along with High speed transmission for Ad hoc networks. Here we have divided the protocol into two different parts. The first part deals with Routing layer information; in this part we have tried to implement a possible strategy for detecting and isolating the malicious nodes. A trust counter for each node is determined which can be actively increased and decreased depending upon the trust value for the purpose of forwarding the packets from source node to destination node with the help of intermediate nodes. A threshold level is also predetermined to detect the malicious nodes. If the value of the node in trust counter is less than the threshold value then the node is denoted ‘malicious’. The second part of our protocol deals with the security in the link layer. For this security reason we have used CTR (Counter) approach for authentication and encryption. We have simulated all our strategies and schemes in NS-2, the result of which gives a conclusion that our proposed protocol i.e. Assured Neighbor based Security Protocol can perform high packet delivery against various intruders and also packet delivery ratio against mobility with low delays and low overheads.
The vampire attack is the class of Denial-of-Service attack. Denial-of-Services in the network is caused by consuming the power of the sensor node. It is also called power draining attacks because of this attack consume the power of sensor nodes and disable the network. It creates a protocol-compliant message and sends it into the network so that the energy used by the network is more than if the same message transmitted of identical size to the same destination.
Black Hole Attack:
A malicious node advertises the wrong paths as good paths to the source node during the pathfinding process.
When the source selects the path including the attacker node, the traffic starts passing through the adversary node and this node starts dropping the packets selectively or in whole.
Black hole region is the entry point to a large number of harmful attacks.
An Assessment of Security Mechanisms Against Reactive Jammer Attack In Wirele...ijfcstjournal
Wireless sensor networks have been widely applied to various domains such as environmental monitoring
and surveillance. Since wireless sensor networks utilize open transmission media, they are prone to radio
jamming attacks. These attacks are easy to launch but difficult to defend. These attacks may lead to low
network throughput because of jamming signals. Failure of data transmission in sensor networks is due to
corruption of packets by reactive jammers. A number of defence techniques have been proposed in recent
years to deal with these jammer attacks. However, each defence technique is suitable for only a limited
network range and specific jamming conditions. This paper proposes an adaptive approach to detect and
isolate the reactive jammers by using status messages and trigger identification service.
this ppt is useful for both b.e/b.tech students as well as for mca students. in this ppt u will find different types of security issues in manet and their countermeasures.
CRYPTOGRAPHIC HASH KEY ALGORITHM TO MITIGATE WORMHOLE ATTACKS AND LURE CATCH ...IAEME Publication
Ad hoc networks are vulnerable to attacks due to mobility of nodes in a dynamic network where nodes can its position at any point of time. In MANeT, a lot of attacks can be initiated but most of them are comparatively easy to detect because of their property of dramatically changing the network data. It is very vital when considering security issues of MANET to consider wormhole attack, which is complex to detect & can spoil important data by directing to illegal nodes. It consists of two malicious nodes and a tunnel among them through which an attacker tunnel the data. In the route discovery process, a wormhole can relay route request and response messages between far-away nodes, creating the manifestation of shorter path to destination.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Comparison of Relational Database and Object Oriented DatabaseEditor IJMTER
The object-oriented database (OODB) is the combination of object-oriented
programming language (OOPL) systems and persistent systems. Object DBMSs add database
functionality to object programming languages. They bring much more than persistent
storage of programming language objects. A major benefit of this approach is the unification
of the application and database development into a seamless data model and language
environment. This report presents the comparison between object oriented database and
relational database. It gives advantages of OODBMS over RDBMS. It gives applications of
OODBMS.
Data Center Proposal (System Network Administration)Muhammad Ahad
Introduction to Data Center.
Data Center Network Design.
Data Center Network Application Architecture Models.
Data Center Architecture.
Data Center Typologies.
Data Center Services.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK UNDER HELLO FLOOD ATTACKIJCNCJournal
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is highly used in many fields. The network consists of tiny lightweight
sensor nodes and is largely used to scan or detect or monitor environments. Since these sensor nodes are
tiny and lightweight, they put some limitations on resources such as usage of power, processing given task,
radio frequency range. These limitations allow network vulnerable to many different types of attacks such
as hello flood attack, black hole, Sybil attack, sinkhole, and many more. Among these attacks, hello flood is
one of the most important attacks. In this paper,we have analyzed the performance of hello flood attack and
compared the network performance as number of attackers increases. Network performance is evaluated
by modifying the ad-hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol by using NS2 simulator. It
has been tested under different scenarios like no attacker, single attacker, and multiple attackers to know
how the network performance changes. The simulation results show that as the number of attackers
increases the performance in terms of throughput and delay changes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
REPLICATION ATTACK MITIGATIONS FOR STATIC AND MOBILE WSNIJNSA Journal
Security is important for many sensor network applications. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are often deployed in hostile environments as static or mobile, where an adversary can physically capture some of the nodes. once a node is captured, adversary collects all the credentials like keys and identity etc. the attacker can re-program it and replicate the node in order to eavesdrop the transmitted messages or compromise the functionality of the network. Identity theft leads to two types attack: clone and sybil. In particularly a harmful attack against sensor networks where one or more node(s) illegitimately claims an identity as replicas is known as the node replication attack. The replication attack can be exceedingly injurious to many important functions of the sensor network such as routing, resource llocation, misbehavior detection, etc. This paper analyzes the threat posed by the replication attack and several novel techniques to detect and defend against the replication attack, and analyzes their effectiveness in both static and mobile WSN.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Protecting Global Records Sharing with Identity Based Access Control ListEditor IJCATR
Generally, the information is stored in the database. Protecting sensitive information are encrypted before outsourcing to a
service provider. We send the request to service provider through SQL queries. The query expressiveness is limited by means of any
software-based cryptographical constructs then deployed, for server-side query working on the encrypted data.Data sharing in the
service provider is emerging as a promising technique for allowing users to access data. The growing number of customers who stores
their data in service provider is increasingly challenging users’ privacy and the security of data. The TrustedDB an outsourced
database prototype that allows clients to execute SQL queries with privacy and under regulatory compliance constraints by leveraging
server-hosted. Tamper-proof believed hardware in crucial query processing levels, thereby removing any limits on the type of
supported queries. It focuses on providing a dependable and secure data sharing service that allows users dynamic access to their
information. TrustedDB is constructed and runs on hardware, and its performance and costs are evaluated here.
Lecture presented by Chito N. Angeles at PAARL's Conference on the theme "The Power of Convergence: Technology and Connectivity in the 21st Century Library and Information Services" held on Nov. 11-13, 2009 at St Paul College, Pasig City
Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols (ADSDV, OLSR and TORA) in Wireless ...ijsrd.com
In routing process a node i.e. source transmit the data packets to another node i.e. destination. Routing in wireless networks have great challenges due to mobility, limited transmission range, There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc. which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols ADSDV, OLSR and TORA based on metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay by using the NS-2 simulator.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
Research by ahad attack on the physical layer
1. Attack on the Physical layer
The physical layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits rather than logical data packets
over a physical link connecting network nodes. The bit stream may be grouped into code words
or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a hardware transmission
medium. The physical layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the
transmission medium.
The physical layer consists of the basic networking hardware transmission technologies of a
network.
Typically, networking hardware includes gateways, routers, network bridges, switches, hubs, and
repeaters. But it also includes hybrid network devices such as protocol converters, modem,
wireless access points and networking cables.
Types of attack:
1) Direct attack:
Such attack includes:
*attack at network transmission tapping, tapping and jamming signal processing.
*attack at optical amplifier local or remote or cross talk.
*attack at optical transmission fiber cut.
2) Indirect attack:
Certain network elements are more likely to be attacked indirectly, because it is too
complicated to attack them directly, or they are not easily accessible.
Such attack includes:
*Indirect cross talk.
*Unauthorized access through add/drop ports.
3) Pseudo-attacks:
Anomalies which are not intrusions, but may be interpreted as such, due to significant
Changes in the signal quality depending on the physical network design.
Attack can be classified by its resources (passive or active), its means of attack
(transmission/reception, protocol, control system), the target (specific users or network/sub
network), the intended effect (service disruption or tapping), the location of the attack (terminal,
node, link, multiple locations), and the attacker’s willingness to be discovered (covert, subtle,
open).
Optical fibers propagate light of different wavelengths. Light that propagates through the fiber is
kept in its core by total internal reflection, which keeps radiation from the fiber at a negligible
level, thus making the fiber immune to electromagnetic interference. However, the fiber is not
shielded, and an attacker with a physical access to it can easily cut the fiber or bend it slightly, so
that the light can be radiated into or out of the core. Fiber cut, which can be considered as a
component fault, causes denial of service. Light radiating out of the fiber can not only degrade
the quality of service, but it can also deliver the carried information straight into the hands of the
attacker i.e. tapping. Another way of performing tapping is by exploiting fiber nonlinearities.
2. Under normal operating conditions fibers are fairly linear, but under high input power (e.g. at the
output of an amplifier) or long distances, they exhibit certain nonlinear characteristics which
cause signals on different wavelengths to affect each other. For instance, cross-phase modulation
and Raman effects may cause a signal on one wavelength to amplify or attenuate a signal on
another wavelength. A sophisticated attacker may take advantage of this crosstalk to co
propagate a malicious signal on a fiber and decrease quality of services.
When light is radiated into the fiber, service can be interrupted on a single wavelength by
injecting light on the same wavelength, without breaking or otherwise disrupting the fiber.
This technique is called in-band jamming, and the attack is difficult to localize. If tapping is
combined with jamming, an especially efficient service disruption attack is achieved. This kind
of attack is called correlated jamming. In it, an attacker first taps a signal at one point and then
injects a signal down stream, which has especially harmful effects to signals with relatively low
signal-to-noise ratio.
Optical amplifiers have specific characteristics, which can be exploited to perform physical-layer
attacks. Gains competitions is a common target for attackers. An amplifier has a finite amount
of gain available(a limited pool of upper-state photons) which is divided among the incoming
signals. Thus bus injecting a high power signal with in a amplifier passband, an attacker can
deprive other signal of power while increasing it’s own allowing it to propagate through the
network causing service degradation or even service denial.
Gain competition can be used to create a powerful out of-band jamming attack. In it, the
attacker injects a powerful signal on a wavelength different from those of other, legitimate
signals (Authorized), but still within the pass band of the amplifier. The amplifier, unable to
distinguish between the attack signal and legitimate data signals, will provide gain to each signal
indiscriminately. This means that the stronger, attacking signal will be provided with higher gain
than weaker, legitimate signals, robbing them of power. Thereby, the quality of service level on
the legitimate signals will deteriorate, potentially leading to service denial.
Passive Attack:
These attacks are not harmful to the networks; they take place for information-gathering. A
malicious user just listens to the all inbound (moving inward) and outbound (That is going out)
traffic of a wireless network. As we know, traffic contains packets, and each packet contains
juicy information such as packet sequence numbers, MAC address, and much more. The nature
of these attacks is silent, that is why they are hard to detect. Using this attack, a malicious
attacker can make an active attack to the wireless network. Sometimes malicious users use
packet-deciphering tools (Convert code into ordinary language) in order to steal information by
decrypting the data from it. Deciphering packets in WEP is really easy, as WEP’s security is very
low and easily breakable. Sometimes this technique is also called WAR DRIVING. (War
driving is the act of searching for Wi-Fi wireless network by a person in a moving vehicle, using
a portable computer, smartphone or personal digital assistant).
Active Attack:
As the attacker does a passive attack in order to get information about the wireless network, now
she/he will do an active attack. Mostly, active attacks are IP spoofing & Denial of Service attack.
3. IP Spoofing: In this attack scenario, the attacker accesses the unauthorized wireless network. IP
spoofing is the creation of Internet Protocol (IP) packets with a source IP address, with the
purpose of concealing the identity of the sender or impersonating another computing system. Not
only that, but also she/he does packet crafting in order to impersonate the authorization of that
server or network.
Denial of Service Attack: Here the attacker makes an attack on a particular target by flooding
(Become filled to overflowing) the packets to the server. In most cases, SYN packets are used
because they have those capabilities of generating the flood storm.
The attack involves having a client repeatedly send SYN (synchronization) packets to every port
on a server, using fake IP addresses. When an attack begins, the server sees the equivalent of
multiple attempts to establish communications. The server responds to each attempt with a
SYN/ACK (synchronization acknowledged) packet from each open port, and with a RST (reset)
packet from each closed port.
MITM Attack: The (man-in-the-middle attack) is a form of active eavesdropping (is secretly
listening to the private conversation of others without their consent) in which the attacker makes
independent connections with the victims and relays messages between them, making them
believe that they are talking directly to each other over a private connection, when in fact the
entire conversation is controlled by the attacker.
Here the attacker accesses the information of the AP of any active SSID. Here dummy APs are
created. The attacker listens the communication between to end points. (The SSID is a
unique identifier that wireless network devices use to establish and maintain wireless
connectivity).
Let’s suppose a client is having a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) connection with any
server, then the attacker will be the man in the middle and she/he splits that TCP connection into
two separate connections, whose common node will be an attacker himself/herself. So the first
connection is from client to an attacker, and the second connection will be from the attacker to
the server. So each and every request and response will be taking place between client and server
via an attacker. So an attacker can steal information passing in the air between them.
4. Wireless Signal Jamming Attack: In this attack scenario, wireless radio signals are used. An
attacker may have a stronger antenna for a signal generator. First, the attacker identifies the
signal patterns around him or the target AP. Then she/he creates the same frequency pattern radio
signals and starts transmitting in the air in order to create a signal tornado of a wireless network.
As a result, the target AP gets jammed. On top of that, the legitimate user node also gets jammed
by signals. It disables the AP connection between a legitimate user of wireless network and the
network itself. There can be mainly three reasons for jamming the wireless network:
1. Fun – Prevent the legitimate user from receiving any kind of data from the Internet.
2. Spy – Delay in packet deployment to the legitimate user can give more time to an
attacker for deciphering the packet in order to steal the information.
3. Attack – Attacker may spoof the packets and send it to the victim in order to take control
over the user’s machine or network.
This is a type of DOS attack on the wireless networks. This attack takes place when any fake or
rough RF frequencies are making trouble with the legitimate wireless network operation. In some
cases, those are false positives, such as a cordless telephone that uses the identical frequency to
the wireless network. So in that case, you might see some
results in your wireless monitoring software or mechanism, but it is actually not a jamming of
signal. It is not a very common attack, as it requires a ton of capable hardware.
Pre-Shared Key Guessing: As we all know, a pre-shared key is used by the node in order to
encrypt the data communication. Generally administrators of those Wi-Fi networks don’t change
the default key in place. Professional hackers always try to find the manufacturer of wireless
access points in order to get the default ID and password.
Frame injection attack: To perform this kind of attack, an attacker must have a deep
understanding and knowledge of the protocol. Any professional hacker will perform this method
in order to perform an injection attack on wireless networks. Firstly, she/he will perform passive
information gathering of that network. Then the attacker creates wireless protocol frames in
order to send it to the targeted network. There are basically two ways of doing so. One can either
create a false packet or insert it into that network. The other way is to sniff the network traffic.
Once these packets are sent to the server, the response from that wireless network is captured,
intercepted and modified by an attacker to perform a man-in-the-middle attack. This is hard to
detect, as it happens at layer two.
Denial of sleep attack: Sometimes wireless networks don’t use radio transmission. So in order
to reduce consumption, it regulates the communication of that particular node. A malicious user
can take advantage of this mechanism. An attacker may drain the power supply of the sensor
device in order to make node’s life very short, or attack the MAC layer to reduce the sleep period
of it. If a number of drained nodes go high, the whole network can be disrupted. Only the MAC
protocol has an ability to create longer sleep duration. Without that, you cannot extend the
lifetime of your wireless network.
5. Collision attack:In this type of attack, the attacker tries to spoil the packets to be transmitted to
the receiver. So when the attacker is successful, the resulting packet’s checksum will not be
expected at the receiver’s end. As a result of that, the whole packet will be discarded at the
receiver’s node. Now retransmission of that packet will consume high energy of that particular
sensor node. A second approach to collision attack can be defined as this: Sometimes, messages
get transmitted on the node via same frequency, and it can also generate collision. An illustration
of this same frequency problem can be understand in the figure below.
De-Synchronization Attack: In this attack, the attacker tries to modify the control flags and
sometimes the sequence numbers in order to forge the packets, or messages. As a result, the
attacker limits the legitimate user from exchanging the messages between the server and client. It
will continuously request retransmission of those messages. This attack causes an infinite cycle
of retransmission. It acquires a lot of energy. We can also say that the attacker disturbs the
established connection between two end points.
Flooding Attack: There are plenty of DoS attacks which reduce the network lifetime in different
ways. One of the common methods is Denial of Service attack. An attacker sends a huge amount
of packets in order to stop the network from communicating with different nodes. The main aim
of this attack is to exhaust the resources on the victim’s machine.
Reply Attack: In this process, transmission data is repeated maliciously. An attacker intercepts
the data in order to retransmit it further. It’s a part of masquerade attack (In system security
masquerade attack is a type of attack in which one system assumes the identity of another) this
6. can be carried away by substitution of an IP packet. A stream cipher attack can be taken place
into that.
An attacker repeats copies of the packets to the victim in order to exhaust the energy or power
supply. This kind of attack has ability to crash applications which are designed poorly.
Selective Forwarding Attack: It may also refer as ‘gray hole attack’. In this form of attack, an
attacker may stop the node to pass packets through by forwarding or dropping those messages. In
one form of selective forwarding attack, a node selectively rejects the packets by dropping them
from coming into that network from an individual node or a group of individual nodes.
The above figure illustrates this attack. Here you can see that a malicious node is selectively
dropping packets from a certain node or group of nodes. It may do that or forward it to
somewhere else which will create no trustable routing information due to forwarding packets to
any wrong path within the network.
Unauthorized Routing Update Attack: In the routing process, many components take place
such as hosts, base station, access points, nodes, routing protocols, etc. A malicious user may try
7. to update all this information in order to update the routing table. It may be possible that due to
this attack, some of the nodes get isolated from the base station. Also, a network partition may
occur due to this attack. Packets may be dropped after the TTL expires. Packets can be
forwarded to any unauthorized user. All of these incidents are the impact of this attack.
Wormhole Attack: In this type of attack, an attacker copies the whole packet or message by
tunneling them to another network from the originator. Then the attacker transmits them to the
destination node. When the attacker transmits the copied messages or packets to the destination
node, she/he transmits it speedily in such a way that copied packets reach the destination node
before the original packets (from the legitimate user) reach it. To do that, the attacker uses a
wormhole tunnel. Wormhole nodes are fully invisible.
Sink Hole Attack: This is a special kind of selective forwarding attack which draws attention on
the compromised node. A compromised node attracts all maximum possible traffic of the
network. Then it places malicious node to the closest base station and it enables the selective
forwarding attack. It is a very complex attack. Detection of a sinkhole attack is very hard and it
affects the higher layer applications. The below figure illustrates the architecture of a sinkhole
attack.
8. Impersonate Attack & Sybil Attack: This attack is very common and well known. The attacker
may obtain the legitimate person’s IP address or MAC address in order to steal his/her identity
and make it his/her own. Then the attacker may attack another victim and can do plenty of things
with that new stolen identity of the legitimate user. A Sybil attack is an advanced version of an
impersonate attack in which a malicious user (attacker) may steal multiple identities. In technical
terms, a malicious node represents itself to the other fellow nodes by acquiring multiple
identities within it self. Impacts will be the same as in an impersonate attack.
Traffic Analysis Attack: Here an attacker gains the information of the network traffic as well as
the behavior of the nodes. Traffic analysis can be done via checking the message length, pattern
of message, and duration in which it stayed within the session. Then the attacker might correlate
all this inbound and outbound traffic to any single custom router, which might violate the privacy
of the members due to being linked with those messages. Sometimes an attacker might able to
link two nodes with an unrelated connection within the network.
USB Port: With one on almost every device in your plant, USB ports are the easiest way to
introduce viruses into or remove secrets from a system.
Plugs: Network systems can be shut down if someone unplugs a cable or plugs it into the wrong
location. Mostly attackers do this to shut down the other security systems.
Cables: The easiest way to get information is cables tampering. Attacker can easily do inside the
organization or outside the organization.
Research by: Muhammad Ahad.
Department BSIT
Submitted to: Sir Shafan.