International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Survey paper on Detecting Blackhole Attack by different Approaches and its Co...IJARIIE JOURNAL
This document summarizes research on detecting blackhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It first defines MANETs and describes blackhole attacks, where malicious nodes drop packets to disrupt routing. The document then reviews several approaches for detecting single or cooperative blackhole attacks and compares their assumptions and effectiveness. It finds that while various methods have been proposed, consistently detecting multiple cooperative blackhole nodes remains a challenge, as detection requires cooperation between non-malicious nodes. Future work could involve further simulation-based comparison of detection method performances.
This document summarizes a research paper about denial of service (DoS) attacks on wireless sensor networks. It begins by outlining some key security goals for wireless sensor networks, including data confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authentication. It then discusses DoS attacks specifically, noting they aim to degrade efficient use of network resources. The document proposes that DoS attacks can occur at different layers of the OSI model. It provides examples of physical layer attacks like jamming and describes how frequency hopping can help counter jamming. In closing, it notes DoS attacks threaten the availability security goal for wireless sensor networks.
Energy Efficient and Secure, Trusted network discovery for Wireless Sensor Ne...IOSR Journals
This document describes a proposed energy efficient and secure trusted network discovery framework for wireless sensor networks called TARF. The framework aims to secure routing against attacks like sinkhole, wormhole, and Sybil attacks by evaluating the trustworthiness of neighboring nodes. It identifies untrustworthy nodes and routes around them. TARF also aims to be energy efficient. It uses elliptic curve cryptography for encryption and maintains a neighborhood table with trust and energy cost values to select low-cost, trusted next hop nodes for routing. The framework generates network certificates, starts sensor nodes, creates a trusted center, and has nodes find neighbors to select routing paths while avoiding attackers. Simulation results show certificate generation, node interfaces, the trusted center, and a node finding
This document discusses security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and reviews several secure routing protocols proposed to address these challenges. It begins by introducing MANETs and explaining that routing in MANETs is difficult due to the dynamic topology. It then discusses common security goals for routing protocols like confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Several attacks on MANET routing protocols are described, including passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like wormhole and blackhole attacks. The document proceeds to review six secure routing protocols for MANETs - DSDV, SAR, SAODV, SRP, Secure AODV using RSA signatures, and TORA - and describes their approaches to providing routing security. It concludes
A survey on complex wormhole attack in wirelessfarrukh Farrukh
This document discusses wormhole attacks in wireless networks. It begins by defining a wormhole attack as when a malicious node captures packets from one location and tunnels them to another malicious node in a distant location. It then describes different modes of wormhole attacks including using encapsulation, out-of-band channels, high power transmission, packet relay, and protocol deviations. It classifies wormholes as open, half-open, or closed and compares the different attack modes from an attacker's perspective in terms of advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and possible solutions. Finally, it provides references for further research on wormhole attack detection and prevention techniques.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document summarizes a research paper that aims to detect and prevent wormhole attacks in wireless sensor networks. It first provides background on wormhole attacks, where an attacker tunnels network traffic to another location to compromise routing. It then reviews related work detecting wormholes using cryptography, location verification, or intrusion detection. The paper proposes a system with guard nodes that collaboratively monitor links to detect compromised nodes. It describes modules for network topology establishment, attack establishment through different wormhole modes, and an elimination mechanism where guard nodes isolate attackers once malicious behaviors exceed thresholds. Simulations test the ability of this scheme to improve security against wormhole attacks in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks.
Survey paper on Detecting Blackhole Attack by different Approaches and its Co...IJARIIE JOURNAL
This document summarizes research on detecting blackhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It first defines MANETs and describes blackhole attacks, where malicious nodes drop packets to disrupt routing. The document then reviews several approaches for detecting single or cooperative blackhole attacks and compares their assumptions and effectiveness. It finds that while various methods have been proposed, consistently detecting multiple cooperative blackhole nodes remains a challenge, as detection requires cooperation between non-malicious nodes. Future work could involve further simulation-based comparison of detection method performances.
This document summarizes a research paper about denial of service (DoS) attacks on wireless sensor networks. It begins by outlining some key security goals for wireless sensor networks, including data confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authentication. It then discusses DoS attacks specifically, noting they aim to degrade efficient use of network resources. The document proposes that DoS attacks can occur at different layers of the OSI model. It provides examples of physical layer attacks like jamming and describes how frequency hopping can help counter jamming. In closing, it notes DoS attacks threaten the availability security goal for wireless sensor networks.
Energy Efficient and Secure, Trusted network discovery for Wireless Sensor Ne...IOSR Journals
This document describes a proposed energy efficient and secure trusted network discovery framework for wireless sensor networks called TARF. The framework aims to secure routing against attacks like sinkhole, wormhole, and Sybil attacks by evaluating the trustworthiness of neighboring nodes. It identifies untrustworthy nodes and routes around them. TARF also aims to be energy efficient. It uses elliptic curve cryptography for encryption and maintains a neighborhood table with trust and energy cost values to select low-cost, trusted next hop nodes for routing. The framework generates network certificates, starts sensor nodes, creates a trusted center, and has nodes find neighbors to select routing paths while avoiding attackers. Simulation results show certificate generation, node interfaces, the trusted center, and a node finding
This document discusses security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and reviews several secure routing protocols proposed to address these challenges. It begins by introducing MANETs and explaining that routing in MANETs is difficult due to the dynamic topology. It then discusses common security goals for routing protocols like confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Several attacks on MANET routing protocols are described, including passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like wormhole and blackhole attacks. The document proceeds to review six secure routing protocols for MANETs - DSDV, SAR, SAODV, SRP, Secure AODV using RSA signatures, and TORA - and describes their approaches to providing routing security. It concludes
A survey on complex wormhole attack in wirelessfarrukh Farrukh
This document discusses wormhole attacks in wireless networks. It begins by defining a wormhole attack as when a malicious node captures packets from one location and tunnels them to another malicious node in a distant location. It then describes different modes of wormhole attacks including using encapsulation, out-of-band channels, high power transmission, packet relay, and protocol deviations. It classifies wormholes as open, half-open, or closed and compares the different attack modes from an attacker's perspective in terms of advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and possible solutions. Finally, it provides references for further research on wormhole attack detection and prevention techniques.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document summarizes a research paper that aims to detect and prevent wormhole attacks in wireless sensor networks. It first provides background on wormhole attacks, where an attacker tunnels network traffic to another location to compromise routing. It then reviews related work detecting wormholes using cryptography, location verification, or intrusion detection. The paper proposes a system with guard nodes that collaboratively monitor links to detect compromised nodes. It describes modules for network topology establishment, attack establishment through different wormhole modes, and an elimination mechanism where guard nodes isolate attackers once malicious behaviors exceed thresholds. Simulations test the ability of this scheme to improve security against wormhole attacks in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks.
PREVENTION OF WORMHOLE ATTACK IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKIJNSA Journal
Ubiquitous and pervasive applications, where the Wireless Sensor Networks are typically deployed, lead to the susceptibility to many kinds of security attacks. Sensors used for real time response capability also make it difficult to devise the resource intensive security protocols because of their limited battery, power, memory and processing capabilities. One of potent form of Denial of Service attacks is Wormhole attack that affects on the network layer. In this paper, the techniques dealing with wormhole attack are investigated and an approach for wormhole prevention is proposed. Our approach is based on the analysis of the two-hop neighbors forwarding Route Reply packet. To check the validity of the sender, a unique key between the individual sensor node and the base station is required to be generated by suitable scheme.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes WRSR, a routing protocol for wireless mesh networks that is resistant to wormhole attacks. WRSR can detect and prevent routes containing wormhole links during the route discovery process. It does not require specialized hardware like GPS or synchronized clocks. WRSR uses the unit disk graph model to determine that for a path to be wormhole-free, any two-hop sub-path must have an alternate shorter sub-path. This allows WRSR to identify route requests traversing wormhole links and quarantine those routes before they can be established. The key features of WRSR are its ability to defend against hidden and Byzantine wormhole attacks without relying on extra hardware or computationally intensive cryptography.
Detection and prevention of wormhole attack in mobile adhoc networksambitlick
This document discusses detection and prevention of wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. A wormhole attack is a powerful attack where two or more malicious nodes collude to tunnel packets between them, emulating a shorter route and attracting traffic. This can severely disrupt network communication. The paper proposes a novel trust-based scheme to identify wormhole-creating nodes without cryptography. Extensive simulations show the scheme effectively handles colluding malicious nodes without imposing extra network conditions.
WDA: Wormhole Attack Detection Algorithm based on measuring Round Trip Delay ...ijsrd.com
The recent advancements in the wireless arena and their wide-spread utilization have introduced new security vulnerabilities. The wireless media being shared is exposed to outside world, so it is susceptible to various attacks at different layers of OSI network stack. For example, jamming and device tampering at the physical layer; disruption of the medium access control (MAC) layer; routing attacks like Blackhole, rushing, wormhole; targeted attacks on the transport protocol like session hijacking, SYN flooding or even attacks intended to disrupt specific applications through viruses, worms and Trojan Horses. Wormhole attack is one of the serious routing attacks amongst all the network layer attacks launched on MANET. Wormhole attack is launched by creation of tunnels and it leads to total disruption of the routing paths on MANET. In this paper, Wormhole detection algorithm (WDA) is proposed based on modifying the forwarding packet process that detects and isolates wormhole nodes in ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol.
MANETs have unique characteristics like dynamic topology, wireless radio medium, limited resources and lack of centralized administration; as a result, they are vulnerable to different types of attacks in different layers of protocol stack. wormhole attack detection in wireless sensor networks
This document summarizes security issues and threats related to wireless sensor networks. It discusses how sensor networks deployed in hostile environments are vulnerable to attacks due to resource limitations. Common attacks include falsifying data, extracting private information, compromising network readings, and denial of service attacks. The document also analyzes security requirements at the link layer, including access control, message integrity, confidentiality, and discusses specific attacks like selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, and HELLO flooding.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
REPLICATION ATTACK MITIGATIONS FOR STATIC AND MOBILE WSNIJNSA Journal
Security is important for many sensor network applications. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are often deployed in hostile environments as static or mobile, where an adversary can physically capture some of the nodes. once a node is captured, adversary collects all the credentials like keys and identity etc. the attacker can re-program it and replicate the node in order to eavesdrop the transmitted messages or compromise the functionality of the network. Identity theft leads to two types attack: clone and sybil. In particularly a harmful attack against sensor networks where one or more node(s) illegitimately claims an identity as replicas is known as the node replication attack. The replication attack can be exceedingly injurious to many important functions of the sensor network such as routing, resource llocation, misbehavior detection, etc. This paper analyzes the threat posed by the replication attack and several novel techniques to detect and defend against the replication attack, and analyzes their effectiveness in both static and mobile WSN.
The document discusses defense mechanisms against flooding attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with broad background on networks and network security. It then discusses specific areas including MANETs and flooding attacks. The document reviews several papers from 2008-2011 on related topics. It discusses methodologies, advantages and drawbacks of approaches for detecting and preventing flooding attacks in MANETs, including using period-based mechanisms, trust-based classification of nodes, and probabilistic broadcasting. The comparative study section provides brief summaries of several papers analyzing defenses against flooding attacks in MANETs.
NetSim Webinar on Network Attacks and DetectionDESHPANDE M
Webinar Contents:
Why use a Network Simulator
Introduction to NetSim
Introduction to Sinkhole Attack : Attack scenario in MANET using NetSim
Intrusion Detection System: Detection mechanism in MANET using NetSim
Analyzing Metrics
Areas of R & D in MANET
Q & A
AN APPROACH TO PROVIDE SECURITY IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS USING COUNTER MODE ...IJNSA Journal
Security in any of the networks became an important issue in this paper we have implemented a security mechanism on Medium Access Control layer by Assured Neighbor based Security Protocol to provide authentication and confidentiality of packets along with High speed transmission for Ad hoc networks. Here we have divided the protocol into two different parts. The first part deals with Routing layer information; in this part we have tried to implement a possible strategy for detecting and isolating the malicious nodes. A trust counter for each node is determined which can be actively increased and decreased depending upon the trust value for the purpose of forwarding the packets from source node to destination node with the help of intermediate nodes. A threshold level is also predetermined to detect the malicious nodes. If the value of the node in trust counter is less than the threshold value then the node is denoted ‘malicious’. The second part of our protocol deals with the security in the link layer. For this security reason we have used CTR (Counter) approach for authentication and encryption. We have simulated all our strategies and schemes in NS-2, the result of which gives a conclusion that our proposed protocol i.e. Assured Neighbor based Security Protocol can perform high packet delivery against various intruders and also packet delivery ratio against mobility with low delays and low overheads.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
1. The document discusses selective jamming attacks in wireless networks. Selective jamming attacks target important messages to degrade network performance.
2. The authors develop three schemes that combine cryptographic techniques with physical layer attributes to prevent real-time packet classification and mitigate selective jamming attacks.
3. The schemes are analyzed for their security and computational and communication overhead. The schemes aim to prevent adversaries from identifying important messages to selectively jam on the physical layer.
This document summarizes security issues and attacks in wireless sensor networks. It discusses various security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, authentication, availability, and freshness. It describes different types of attacks like jamming, tampering, exhaustion, collision, routing attacks, selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, Sybil attack, wormhole attack, hello flood attack, flooding, black hole attack, and denial of service attack. It also discusses countermeasures like modifications to the link layer, cluster-based techniques, detecting mobile malicious nodes in static networks, dual-weighted trust evaluation, and using LEACH protocol.
This presentation covers Security Issues in Mobile Adhoc Network in brief, highlighting various attacks such as Sleep Deprivation, Wormhole, Blackhole and Eavesdropping in particulars.
A STRATEGY FOR DEFENDING PACKETS AGAINST RECOGNIZED INTERNAL JAMMERS IN WIREL...pharmaindexing
This document discusses a strategy for defending against denial of service (DoS) attacks from internal jammers in wireless sensor networks. The proposed method involves detecting internal compromised nodes based on packet attributes and markings. Packets are transmitted to the destination using dedicated channels and timing without disclosing decryption keys to all nodes. The method detects attacks by checking if packets have marks linking them to preceding and succeeding packets needed to reassemble the message. Packets without these attributes would be considered attack packets. Upon detection, a dynamic routing algorithm selects the least used bandwidth for previous communication and allocates a dedicated channel between the source and destination.
Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are most usefully in current environments. It’s required high performance, networks load and Throughput. In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Routing is the hot topic for research. Basically two types routing protocols are work in the mobile Ad-hoc Networks: 1) Proactive and 2) Reactive. Researchers have projected different routing algorithm. Important work has been done on routing in ad hoc networks, some of the important works so far were the destination-sequence distance vector (DSDV) protocol, the temporally ordered routing protocol (TORA), dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) and ad hoc on demand routing protocol (AODV). These algorithms use Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for find optimum route source to destination.ThesisScientist.com
Providing The Security Against The DDOS Attack In Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksIOSR Journals
This document discusses providing security against distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. It begins by introducing mobile ad hoc networks and some of their security vulnerabilities. It then discusses different types of attacks against MANETs, including black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, denial of service attacks, and distributed denial of service attacks. It proposes using an intrusion detection system to detect attacks and block attacking nodes. Simulation results are discussed to analyze the effectiveness of detection and mitigation techniques against DDOS attacks in terms of network performance metrics. The conclusion is that implementing queue management algorithms in network routers can help protect users during DDOS attacks by guaranteeing a certain level of bandwidth.
Error rate detection due to primary user emulation attack in cognitive radio ...IJECEIAES
Security threat is a crucial issue in cognitive radio network (CRN). These threats come from physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer. Hence, security system to all layers in CRN has a responsibility to protect the communication between among Secondary User (SU) or to maintain valid detection to the presence of Primary User (PU) signals. Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) is a threat on physical layer where malicious user emulates PU signal. This paper studies the effect of exclusive region of PUEA in CRN. We take two setting of exclusive distances, 30m and 50m, where this radius of area is free of malicious users. Probability of false alarm (Pf) and miss detection (Pm) are used to evaluate the performances. The result shows that increasing distance of exclusive region may decrease Pf and Pm.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
“La Política de Pensión Alimentaria para Adultos Mayores en el Paraguay. Resu...geAm-py
Este documento describe el proceso de implementación de la Ley de Pensión Alimentaria para Adultos Mayores en Situación de Pobreza en Paraguay. Explica que Paraguay está experimentando un envejecimiento demográfico que aumentará la proporción de adultos mayores en los próximos años. Actualmente, el 30% de los adultos mayores viven en condiciones de pobreza. La ley busca garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de este grupo mediante transferencias monetarias. El documento detalla el proceso de identificación, selección y p
New developers and teams are now polyglot :
- they use multiple programming languages (Java, Javascript, Ruby, ...)
- they use multiple persistence store (RDBMS, NoSQL, Hadoop)
In this talk you will learn about the benefits if being polyglot: use the good language or framework for the good cause, select the good persistence for specific constraints.
This presentation will show how developer could mix the Java platform with other technologies such as NodeJS and AngularJS to build application in a more productive way. This is also the opportunity to talk about the new Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) pattern to allow developers to be more effective and deliver the proper application to the user quicker.
This presentation was delivered during Devfest Nantes 2014
PREVENTION OF WORMHOLE ATTACK IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKIJNSA Journal
Ubiquitous and pervasive applications, where the Wireless Sensor Networks are typically deployed, lead to the susceptibility to many kinds of security attacks. Sensors used for real time response capability also make it difficult to devise the resource intensive security protocols because of their limited battery, power, memory and processing capabilities. One of potent form of Denial of Service attacks is Wormhole attack that affects on the network layer. In this paper, the techniques dealing with wormhole attack are investigated and an approach for wormhole prevention is proposed. Our approach is based on the analysis of the two-hop neighbors forwarding Route Reply packet. To check the validity of the sender, a unique key between the individual sensor node and the base station is required to be generated by suitable scheme.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes WRSR, a routing protocol for wireless mesh networks that is resistant to wormhole attacks. WRSR can detect and prevent routes containing wormhole links during the route discovery process. It does not require specialized hardware like GPS or synchronized clocks. WRSR uses the unit disk graph model to determine that for a path to be wormhole-free, any two-hop sub-path must have an alternate shorter sub-path. This allows WRSR to identify route requests traversing wormhole links and quarantine those routes before they can be established. The key features of WRSR are its ability to defend against hidden and Byzantine wormhole attacks without relying on extra hardware or computationally intensive cryptography.
Detection and prevention of wormhole attack in mobile adhoc networksambitlick
This document discusses detection and prevention of wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. A wormhole attack is a powerful attack where two or more malicious nodes collude to tunnel packets between them, emulating a shorter route and attracting traffic. This can severely disrupt network communication. The paper proposes a novel trust-based scheme to identify wormhole-creating nodes without cryptography. Extensive simulations show the scheme effectively handles colluding malicious nodes without imposing extra network conditions.
WDA: Wormhole Attack Detection Algorithm based on measuring Round Trip Delay ...ijsrd.com
The recent advancements in the wireless arena and their wide-spread utilization have introduced new security vulnerabilities. The wireless media being shared is exposed to outside world, so it is susceptible to various attacks at different layers of OSI network stack. For example, jamming and device tampering at the physical layer; disruption of the medium access control (MAC) layer; routing attacks like Blackhole, rushing, wormhole; targeted attacks on the transport protocol like session hijacking, SYN flooding or even attacks intended to disrupt specific applications through viruses, worms and Trojan Horses. Wormhole attack is one of the serious routing attacks amongst all the network layer attacks launched on MANET. Wormhole attack is launched by creation of tunnels and it leads to total disruption of the routing paths on MANET. In this paper, Wormhole detection algorithm (WDA) is proposed based on modifying the forwarding packet process that detects and isolates wormhole nodes in ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol.
MANETs have unique characteristics like dynamic topology, wireless radio medium, limited resources and lack of centralized administration; as a result, they are vulnerable to different types of attacks in different layers of protocol stack. wormhole attack detection in wireless sensor networks
This document summarizes security issues and threats related to wireless sensor networks. It discusses how sensor networks deployed in hostile environments are vulnerable to attacks due to resource limitations. Common attacks include falsifying data, extracting private information, compromising network readings, and denial of service attacks. The document also analyzes security requirements at the link layer, including access control, message integrity, confidentiality, and discusses specific attacks like selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, and HELLO flooding.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
REPLICATION ATTACK MITIGATIONS FOR STATIC AND MOBILE WSNIJNSA Journal
Security is important for many sensor network applications. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are often deployed in hostile environments as static or mobile, where an adversary can physically capture some of the nodes. once a node is captured, adversary collects all the credentials like keys and identity etc. the attacker can re-program it and replicate the node in order to eavesdrop the transmitted messages or compromise the functionality of the network. Identity theft leads to two types attack: clone and sybil. In particularly a harmful attack against sensor networks where one or more node(s) illegitimately claims an identity as replicas is known as the node replication attack. The replication attack can be exceedingly injurious to many important functions of the sensor network such as routing, resource llocation, misbehavior detection, etc. This paper analyzes the threat posed by the replication attack and several novel techniques to detect and defend against the replication attack, and analyzes their effectiveness in both static and mobile WSN.
The document discusses defense mechanisms against flooding attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with broad background on networks and network security. It then discusses specific areas including MANETs and flooding attacks. The document reviews several papers from 2008-2011 on related topics. It discusses methodologies, advantages and drawbacks of approaches for detecting and preventing flooding attacks in MANETs, including using period-based mechanisms, trust-based classification of nodes, and probabilistic broadcasting. The comparative study section provides brief summaries of several papers analyzing defenses against flooding attacks in MANETs.
NetSim Webinar on Network Attacks and DetectionDESHPANDE M
Webinar Contents:
Why use a Network Simulator
Introduction to NetSim
Introduction to Sinkhole Attack : Attack scenario in MANET using NetSim
Intrusion Detection System: Detection mechanism in MANET using NetSim
Analyzing Metrics
Areas of R & D in MANET
Q & A
AN APPROACH TO PROVIDE SECURITY IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS USING COUNTER MODE ...IJNSA Journal
Security in any of the networks became an important issue in this paper we have implemented a security mechanism on Medium Access Control layer by Assured Neighbor based Security Protocol to provide authentication and confidentiality of packets along with High speed transmission for Ad hoc networks. Here we have divided the protocol into two different parts. The first part deals with Routing layer information; in this part we have tried to implement a possible strategy for detecting and isolating the malicious nodes. A trust counter for each node is determined which can be actively increased and decreased depending upon the trust value for the purpose of forwarding the packets from source node to destination node with the help of intermediate nodes. A threshold level is also predetermined to detect the malicious nodes. If the value of the node in trust counter is less than the threshold value then the node is denoted ‘malicious’. The second part of our protocol deals with the security in the link layer. For this security reason we have used CTR (Counter) approach for authentication and encryption. We have simulated all our strategies and schemes in NS-2, the result of which gives a conclusion that our proposed protocol i.e. Assured Neighbor based Security Protocol can perform high packet delivery against various intruders and also packet delivery ratio against mobility with low delays and low overheads.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
1. The document discusses selective jamming attacks in wireless networks. Selective jamming attacks target important messages to degrade network performance.
2. The authors develop three schemes that combine cryptographic techniques with physical layer attributes to prevent real-time packet classification and mitigate selective jamming attacks.
3. The schemes are analyzed for their security and computational and communication overhead. The schemes aim to prevent adversaries from identifying important messages to selectively jam on the physical layer.
This document summarizes security issues and attacks in wireless sensor networks. It discusses various security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, authentication, availability, and freshness. It describes different types of attacks like jamming, tampering, exhaustion, collision, routing attacks, selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, Sybil attack, wormhole attack, hello flood attack, flooding, black hole attack, and denial of service attack. It also discusses countermeasures like modifications to the link layer, cluster-based techniques, detecting mobile malicious nodes in static networks, dual-weighted trust evaluation, and using LEACH protocol.
This presentation covers Security Issues in Mobile Adhoc Network in brief, highlighting various attacks such as Sleep Deprivation, Wormhole, Blackhole and Eavesdropping in particulars.
A STRATEGY FOR DEFENDING PACKETS AGAINST RECOGNIZED INTERNAL JAMMERS IN WIREL...pharmaindexing
This document discusses a strategy for defending against denial of service (DoS) attacks from internal jammers in wireless sensor networks. The proposed method involves detecting internal compromised nodes based on packet attributes and markings. Packets are transmitted to the destination using dedicated channels and timing without disclosing decryption keys to all nodes. The method detects attacks by checking if packets have marks linking them to preceding and succeeding packets needed to reassemble the message. Packets without these attributes would be considered attack packets. Upon detection, a dynamic routing algorithm selects the least used bandwidth for previous communication and allocates a dedicated channel between the source and destination.
Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are most usefully in current environments. It’s required high performance, networks load and Throughput. In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Routing is the hot topic for research. Basically two types routing protocols are work in the mobile Ad-hoc Networks: 1) Proactive and 2) Reactive. Researchers have projected different routing algorithm. Important work has been done on routing in ad hoc networks, some of the important works so far were the destination-sequence distance vector (DSDV) protocol, the temporally ordered routing protocol (TORA), dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) and ad hoc on demand routing protocol (AODV). These algorithms use Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for find optimum route source to destination.ThesisScientist.com
Providing The Security Against The DDOS Attack In Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksIOSR Journals
This document discusses providing security against distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. It begins by introducing mobile ad hoc networks and some of their security vulnerabilities. It then discusses different types of attacks against MANETs, including black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, denial of service attacks, and distributed denial of service attacks. It proposes using an intrusion detection system to detect attacks and block attacking nodes. Simulation results are discussed to analyze the effectiveness of detection and mitigation techniques against DDOS attacks in terms of network performance metrics. The conclusion is that implementing queue management algorithms in network routers can help protect users during DDOS attacks by guaranteeing a certain level of bandwidth.
Error rate detection due to primary user emulation attack in cognitive radio ...IJECEIAES
Security threat is a crucial issue in cognitive radio network (CRN). These threats come from physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, and application layer. Hence, security system to all layers in CRN has a responsibility to protect the communication between among Secondary User (SU) or to maintain valid detection to the presence of Primary User (PU) signals. Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) is a threat on physical layer where malicious user emulates PU signal. This paper studies the effect of exclusive region of PUEA in CRN. We take two setting of exclusive distances, 30m and 50m, where this radius of area is free of malicious users. Probability of false alarm (Pf) and miss detection (Pm) are used to evaluate the performances. The result shows that increasing distance of exclusive region may decrease Pf and Pm.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
“La Política de Pensión Alimentaria para Adultos Mayores en el Paraguay. Resu...geAm-py
Este documento describe el proceso de implementación de la Ley de Pensión Alimentaria para Adultos Mayores en Situación de Pobreza en Paraguay. Explica que Paraguay está experimentando un envejecimiento demográfico que aumentará la proporción de adultos mayores en los próximos años. Actualmente, el 30% de los adultos mayores viven en condiciones de pobreza. La ley busca garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de este grupo mediante transferencias monetarias. El documento detalla el proceso de identificación, selección y p
New developers and teams are now polyglot :
- they use multiple programming languages (Java, Javascript, Ruby, ...)
- they use multiple persistence store (RDBMS, NoSQL, Hadoop)
In this talk you will learn about the benefits if being polyglot: use the good language or framework for the good cause, select the good persistence for specific constraints.
This presentation will show how developer could mix the Java platform with other technologies such as NodeJS and AngularJS to build application in a more productive way. This is also the opportunity to talk about the new Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) pattern to allow developers to be more effective and deliver the proper application to the user quicker.
This presentation was delivered during Devfest Nantes 2014
This document contains information about a practical skills class for senior year 2 students at Colegio Las Cumbres. It lists the date and activities for two upcoming classes, where students will do exercises and a practical test in the lab. It outlines the conditions for passing each section, including having a complete folder of experiments, scoring a 6 or above on the practical test, and having 75% attendance. It also lists the skills students should be able to demonstrate, such as using techniques and recording observations.
SUBPROJETO:FORMANDO NOVOS PESQUISADORES EM CIÊNCIASKatiucef
O presente trabalho apresenta o projeto mais significativo do 1º semestre da EJA 2013 na E. M. Profª Gonçalina Faustina de Oliveira. Os alunos realizaram pesquisas, coletaram dados e informações sobre os temas e, em seguida, apresentaram para todas as turmas.
El documento describe las tres membranas (meninges) que recubren el sistema nervioso central: la duramadre externa, la aracnoides intermedia y la piamadre interna. También describe el sistema ventricular que contiene cavidades en el interior del sistema nervioso central donde se produce y circula el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Finalmente, explica el sistema de irrigación y drenaje venoso del cerebro, incluyendo los senos venosos que drenan la sangre hacia las venas yugulares internas.
Este documento presenta una introducción a la obra "La filosofía de House. Todos mienten" escrita por Henry Jacoby y William Irwin. En la introducción, Henry Jacoby elogia al personaje Gregory House de la serie de televisión y argumenta que a pesar de su actitud cínica y grosera, House plantea preguntas filosóficas interesantes sobre temas como el sentido de la vida, la ética médica y la virtud. Jacoby también presenta brevemente a los colaboradores del libro y los temas filosóficos que cub
El documento describe dos acciones opuestas: empujar y jalar. Brevemente menciona que empujar implica ejercer fuerza para mover un objeto lejos, mientras que jalar significa ejercer fuerza para mover un objeto más cerca.
Se invita a alguien a una celebración que se llevará a cabo el 31 de octubre a las 7 pm en el salón junto a la empresa, esperando que la persona invitada asista.
Connect to Internet using your "Phone" as ModemDanish Mehraj
This is how to connect your PC to Internet using your Phone as Modem.
NOTE: If you are connecting using USB then you may need USB Driver for that specific phone.
If you are connecting via Bluetooth, then no need of anything.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design slideshows.
FLTK Summer Course - Part VII - Seventh ImpactMichel Alves
FLTK (pronounced "fulltick") is a cross-platform C++ GUI toolkit for UNIX®/Linux® (X11), Microsoft® Windows®, and MacOS® X. FLTK provides modern GUI functionality without the bloat and supports 3D graphics via OpenGL® and its built-in GLUT emulation. FLTK is designed to be small and modular enough to be statically linked, but works fine as a shared library. FLTK also includes an excellent UI builder called FLUID that can be used to create applications in minutes. FLTK is provided under the terms of the GNU Library Public License, Version 2 with exceptions that allow for static linking. More informations in http://www.fltk.org.
This document discusses evaluating sources of information for research purposes. It emphasizes considering the source, context, and purpose of information. The document provides questions to evaluate sources, such as whether the source supports the research purpose and if examples are representative. It also discusses properly referencing sources using the Harvard style and using footnotes to provide additional context.
This document provides a list of 10 game development ideas including virtual pet games, puzzle games, and magic-themed games. It includes brief descriptions of each idea and links to two blog posts with more information on game development and a knowledge management document.
Penerapan Syariat Islam Belum Saatnya
Amir Hamzah menjelaskan tiga argumen utama yang sering digunakan oleh mereka yang menginginkan penerapan syariat Islam secara kaffah: normatif, historis, dan realistis. Namun, ia berpendapat bahwa ummat Islam belum siap untuk menerapkannya saat ini karena berbagai alasan seperti aqidah masyarakat yang masih lemah dan hal itu dapat memecah belah umat. Ia menga
This document discusses security issues and attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides an introduction to MANETs and their characteristics. It outlines the general objectives of analyzing flooding attacks on MANETs and preventing such attacks for networks with high node mobility. It describes common attacks on MANETs such as flooding attacks, blackhole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Byzantine attacks. The document also discusses security mechanisms for MANETs including preventive cryptography-based approaches and reactive intrusion detection system approaches. It stresses the need for comprehensive security solutions to deal with the diverse attacks that are facilitated by the open and dynamic nature of MANETs.
Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) A Survey.pdfYolanda Ivey
This document provides a survey of attacks in cognitive radio networks. It discusses several types of attacks that can occur at different layers of the cognitive radio network architecture. At the physical layer, common attacks include primary user emulation attacks, objective function attacks, and jamming. At the data link layer, attacks include spectrum sensing data falsification, control channel saturation denial of service attacks, and selfish channel negotiation. The document surveys existing research on these attacks and discusses potential methods for securing cognitive radio networks, such as using digital signatures, spread spectrum modulation, or fingerprinting techniques. It aims to help researchers identify security issues and problems that need to be addressed to better secure cognitive radio networks.
This document discusses security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and provides an overview of several secure routing protocols proposed to address these challenges. It begins by introducing MANETs and explaining that routing in MANETs is difficult due to their dynamic topology. It then discusses common security goals for routing protocols, such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Several attacks on MANET routing protocols are described, including passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like wormhole and blackhole attacks. The document proceeds to summarize several existing secure routing protocols for MANETs, such as DSDV, SAODV, SRP, and TORA, focusing on how each protocol aims to provide routing security. It concludes
This document discusses detection of collision attacks in wireless sensor networks using rule-based packet flow rates. It proposes detection algorithms that monitor the packet flow rate to the base station node. The algorithms aim to have low false detection and tolerance rates and quickly detect attacks. Simulation results show the algorithms achieve these goals. The document also reviews related work on intrusion detection in wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses security threats and techniques in wireless sensor networks. It begins by describing wireless sensor networks and their components like sensor nodes. It then discusses some applications of wireless sensor networks such as in military, environment monitoring, healthcare, and robotics. The document outlines several common network attacks on wireless sensor networks including spoofed or altered routing information, selective forwarding, Sybil attacks, denial of service attacks, sinkhole/blackhole attacks, and wormhole attacks. It explains how traditional security mechanisms can detect some internal attacks but fail against compromised nodes. The document introduces trust and reputation techniques as alternatives to overcome issues with compromised nodes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Various OSI Layer Attacks and Countermeasure to Enhance the Performance of WS...IDES Editor
Wireless sensor networks are networks having non
wired infrastructure and dynamic topology. In OSI model each
layer is prone to various attacks, which halts the performance
of a network .In this paper several attacks on four layers of
OSI model are discussed and security mechanism is described
to prevent attack in network layer i.e wormhole attack. In
Wormhole attack two or more malicious nodes makes a covert
channel which attracts the traffic towards itself by depicting a
low latency link and then start dropping and replaying packets
in the multi-path route. This paper proposes promiscuous mode
method to detect and isolate the malicious node during
wormhole attack by using Ad-hoc on demand distance vector
routing protocol (AODV) with omnidirectional antenna. The
methodology implemented notifies that the nodes which are
not participating in multi-path routing generates an alarm
message during delay and then detects and isolate the
malicious node from network. We also notice that not only
the same kind of attacks but also the same kind of
countermeasures can appear in multiple layer. For example,
misbehavior detection techniques can be applied to almost all
the layers we discussed.
Study of Layering-Based Attacks in a Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on layering-based attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an abstract noting that MANETs are commonly used in military and disaster situations, but require high security due to challenges from their characteristics. The document then reviews constraints of MANETs like limited resources and transmission range. It examines security requirements for MANETs and various types of attacks against different network layers, including jamming, denial of service, link spoofing, selective forwarding, sinkhole, Sybil, black hole, and wormhole attacks. Finally, it concludes that no single mechanism can provide full security for MANETs due to their constraints, making security a challenge that requires mapping solutions to different aspects.
A Combined Approach for Worm-Hole and Black-Hole Attack Detection in MANETIJERA Editor
Mobile ad hoc network is a kind of wireless network, in this network all nodes are connected through the wireless links and perform cooperative communication.Due to limited radio range of these devices any time can leave or join the network. Therefore the routing techniques are responsible for the network organization and communication flow. Due to this the performance of MANET is low as compared with the traditional wired communication networks. In addition of that network is suffers from the probability of attacks. Thus in this paper MANET routing strategy and their attacks are investigated and learned. In addition of that in order to secure the communication recent approaches of security in MANET also investigated. Finally a new algorithm for prevention of malicious attack in MANET is suggested. Additionally the based on the concluded facts, future extension of the proposed work is also suggested.
Investigation of detection & prevention sinkhole attack in manetijctet
This document discusses sinkhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It provides background on sinkhole attacks, where a compromised node advertises a high quality route to attract network traffic. This can disrupt data transmission to the base station. The document reviews several existing detection techniques for sinkhole attacks, including algorithms using hop counting and mobile agents. It then proposes a new lightweight algorithm to detect sinkhole attacks in MANETs using network flow information collected by the base station and analysis of routing patterns to identify the intruder. The algorithm aims to provide secure and efficient sinkhole detection with low overhead.
This document summarizes security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses that MANETs rely on wireless communication, which is more vulnerable to security attacks than wired networks. Key characteristics of MANETs like lack of infrastructure, open connectivity, and dynamic topology make them susceptible targets. The document provides taxonomy of network attacks and analyzes attacks at different layers. It proposes solutions to address MANET security challenges according to criteria like availability, integrity, and confidentiality.
This document summarizes research on injecting black hole and wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides background on MANETs and discusses their vulnerabilities to security attacks due to open wireless medium and dynamic topology. The document then describes how the researchers implemented black hole and wormhole attacks against the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using the NS-2 network simulator. The simulation results showed that both attacks decreased network performance by reducing throughput and increasing packet loss. The research highlighted security as an ongoing challenge for MANET routing protocols.
This document summarizes research on injecting black hole and wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides background on MANETs and discusses their vulnerabilities to security attacks due to open wireless medium and dynamic topology. The document then describes how the researchers implemented black hole and wormhole attacks against the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol using the NS-2 network simulator. The simulation results showed that both attacks reduced network performance by decreasing throughput and increasing packet loss over time compared to a normal network without attacks.
An intrusion detection mechanism for manets based on deep learning artificial...IJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a distributed, decentralized network of wireless portable nodes connecting directly without any fixed communication base station or centralized administration. Nodes in MANET move continuously in random directions and follow an arbitrary manner, which presents numerous challenges to these networks and make them more susceptible to different security threats. Due to this decentralized nature of their overall architecture, combined with the limitation of hardware resources, those infrastructure-less networks are more susceptible to different security attacks such as black hole attack, network partition, node selfishness, and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. This work aims to present, investigate, and design an intrusion detection predictive technique for Mobile Ad hoc networks using deep learning artificial neural networks (ANNs). A simulation-based evaluation and a deep ANNs modelling for detecting and isolating a Denial of Service (DoS) attack are presented to improve the overall security level of Mobile ad hoc networks.
AN INTRUSION DETECTION MECHANISM FOR MANETS BASED ON DEEP LEARNING ARTIFICIAL...IJCNCJournal
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a distributed, decentralized network of wireless portable nodes
connecting directly without any fixed communication base station or centralized administration. Nodes in
MANET move continuously in random directions and follow an arbitrary manner, which presents
numerous challenges to these networks and make them more susceptible to different security threats. Due
to this decentralized nature of their overall architecture, combined with the limitation of hardware
resources, those infrastructure-less networks are more susceptible to different security attacks such as
black hole attack, network partition, node selfishness, and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. This work aims
to present, investigate, and design an intrusion detection predictive technique for Mobile Ad hoc networks
using deep learning artificial neural networks (ANNs). A simulation-based evaluation and a deep ANNs
modelling for detecting and isolating a Denial of Service (DoS) attack are presented to improve the overall
security level of Mobile ad hoc networks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document proposes a hybrid intrusion detection system (HIDS) for wireless sensor networks. The HIDS combines cluster-based and rule-based intrusion detection techniques. It is designed to address the limited resources of sensor networks while achieving high detection rates and low false positives. The system works by using cluster heads to detect intrusions based on both anomaly detection and comparing activities to known attack behaviors. A simulation evaluated the HIDS and found it performed intrusion detection efficiently while being energy efficient and having a high detection rate.
Integrated Security and Attack Detection Scheme for Wireless Sensor NetworksEditor IJMTER
The wireless sensor node is a tiny device that is used to capture environment information.
Sensor devices are used to capture temperature and pressure details from the environment. The
sensor devices are used in hospitals, home and production plants. The main components of a sensor
node are microcontroller, transceiver, external memory and power source. A wireless sensor network
(WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices. Sensors are
used to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. Sensor network is equipped
with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device. The sensor networks are deployed
with consideration of sensing and transmission coverage factors.
Sensor network security protocols provide confidentiality for the messages. Object location and data
sink information are the sensitive elements in the sensor network. Two techniques are used to
provide location privacy to monitored objects. They are Source-location privacy and Sink-location
privacy. Periodic collection and Source simulation models are used in Source-location privacy
technique. Sink simulation and backbone flooding models are used in Sink-location privacy
technique. Communication cost and latency factors are consider in the privacy protection model.
Source and destination location details are protected in the privacy model.
The proposed system integrates the location privacy and data security process for the wireless sensor
network. Region based query model is used to improve location privacy. Confidentiality and
integrity techniques are used for the security process. Rivest Cipher (RC4) algorithm and Secure
Hashing Algorithms (SHA) are used for the data security.
The document proposes an enhanced anonymous position-based security aware routing protocol called E-APSAR for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It aims to address security issues like black hole attacks in dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. E-APSAR divides the network area into zones and implements encryption to securely transmit data between neighboring zones. Simulation results show that E-APSAR has lower routing overhead and higher throughput and packet delivery ratio compared to DSR, especially at certain mobility levels. The protocol performance is analyzed against different node densities and mobility to evaluate its effectiveness against black hole attacks in MANETs.
Black hole Attack Avoidance Protocol for wireless Ad-Hoc networksijsrd.com
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a collection of mobile nodes or a temporary network set up by wireless mobile nodes moving arbitrary in the places that have no network infrastructure in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on continual basis. Thus the nodes find a path to the destination node using routing protocols. However, due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. Various attacks and one of those attacks is the Black Hole Attack against network integrity absorbing all data packets in the network. Since the data packets do not reach the destination node on account of this attack, data loss will occur. Therefore, it is a severe attack that can be easily employed against routing in mobile ad hoc networks. There are lots of detection and defense mechanisms to eliminate the intruder that carry out the black hole attack. . Virtual Infrastructure achieves reliable transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Black Hole Attack is the major problem to affect the Virtual Infrastructure. In this paper, approach on analyzing and improving the security of AODV, which is one of the popular routing protocols for MANET. Our aim is to ensuring the avoidance against Black hole attack.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Hg3312711275
1. Pallavi Sharma, Manpreet kaur / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1271-1275
1271 | P a g e
Develop a scanning algorithm for the detection of selfish nodes in
cognitive radio networks
Pallavi Sharma Manpreet kaur
Mtech student Assistant Professor
Lovely professional university Phagwara Sukhchain Sahib College Phagwara
Abstract
Cognitive radio is a wireless based
communication technology which has
intelligence built into it. Secure communication
is a key for any wireless network . Like all other
networks, cognitive radios are susceptible to
various kinds of attacks like DOS attack , PUE
attack , tunnel attack and jamming attack .
While performing these attacks nodes in the
network becomes selfish and start maximizing
their own spectrum usage and they prevent
other users from communicating in the same
network . In this paper an algorithm is
generated which can detect selfish nodes in a
network . This analysis will help to give better
future products that could use the resources in a
more efficient way .
Keywords : Cognitive Radio , Selfish node ,
Spectrum band, Sweet spot .
I. INTRODUCTION
Cognitive radio is a radio capable of being
aware of its surroundings , learning and adaptively
changing its operating parameters . It learns from
its experiences to give reasoning and to decide
which action to take in future so that it can meet the
needs of users.A fundamental problem in facing
future wireless systems is to find suitable carrier
frequencies and bandwidths to meet the demands of
users for future services .Radio frequency spectrum
is considered to be a limited natural resource so its
utilization is a very important factor for better
future wireless products.Spectrum utilization is the
most important aspect of the cognitive radio
technology . Cognitive radios are fully
programmable wireless devices that can sense their
environment and dynamically adapt their
transmission waveform, channel access method,
spectrum use,and networking protocols as needed
for good network and application performance.[5]
Cognitive radios have the ability to implement
protocols and spectrum policies in a way which
differs from traditional communication systems
.The primary objective of cognitive radio network
is to provide reliable communication whenever and
wherever needed . Cognitive radios are used to
improve the efficiency of various resources in a
wireless communication systems . Cognitive radios
can either be deployed in licensed spectrum or
unlicensed spectrum .The creation of new rules for
spectrum sharing by using cognitive radio
protocols will change the way spectrum will be
used in the future . other aspect of cognitive radio
network is that it offers a greater flexibility to the
networks in a way that they can reorganize them
according to the requirements and also repair them
to provide more reliability.[6]
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
In year 2011, Ruiliang Chen, Jung-Min
Park, and Jeffrey H. Reed discussed primary
user emulation attack. In primary user emulation
attack the attacker transmits the signal which
shows same characteristics as of primary user.
These attacks interfere with the spectrum sensing
process and reduce the channel resources available
to unlicensed users. To overcome this threat a
technique transmitter verification scheme called
LOCDEF which helps to distinguish between
primary signals and signals transmitted by
attacker by estimating its location and observing
its signal characteristics. There is high
probability of these attacks in the cognitive
radio because of the fact that cognitive radios are
highly reconfigurable because of the software
based air interface. [1]
Trang V. Mai, Joseph A. Molnar and Dr.
Kevin Rudd, “Security vulnerabilities in case of
cognitive radio networks” discussed various attacks
in Physical layer whether it is PUE, denial of
service attack or jamming attack. Dynamic
spectrum access in cognitive radio introduces
many types of threats Data indicates that with a
simple level of sophistication physical jamming
could degrade the performance of DSA networks.
These attacks could have a long term negative
impact on the cognitive network because of its
capability to learn from the environment to
establish internal policy constraints.[2]Wang
Weifang discussed the effect of Denial of Service
(DoS) attacks in security of wireless
network.Cognitive radio networks are vulnerable to
DoS attack due to their own characteristics.
This paper analyzed the architecture of cognitive
radio networks and discussed the possible
various DoS attacks in ad hoc cognitive radio
networks in different protocol layers.[3]Husheng
Li and Zhu Han discusses the approach of
combating the primary user emulation attack .In
cognitive radio systems, primary user emulation
2. Pallavi Sharma, Manpreet kaur / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1271-1275
1272 | P a g e
(PUE) attack means that an attacker sends
primary-user-like signals during the spectrum
sensing period such that honest secondary
users leave the corresponding channels,
which causes a serious threat to cognitive radio
systems. A passive anti-PUE approach, similar to
the random frequency hopping in traditional
anti-jamming schemes, is proposed and called
dogfight in spectrum. In this scheme, the defenders
randomly choose channels to sense and avoid the
PUE attack. It is assumed that the channel statistics
like availability probabilities are known. [4].
III ATTACKS IN COGNITIVE RADIO
NETWORKS
Cognitive radio users are vulnerable to
various kinds of attacks . One reason is that
secondary users do not own spectrum usage and
also cognitive radio support opportunistic spectrum
sharing so attackers could take advantage of these
flexibility features . As a result security
considerations are very important for the successful
deployment of cognitive radio networks [5]Before
taking into consideration security countermeasures
it is very important to understand different kinds of
attacks . These kinds of attacks occur in PHY layer
and they manipulate spectral environment of
radios.
Denial of service attack : In case of denial
of service attack the attacker does not allow
authorized users to use network resources . the
attacker basically flood the network with so many
request objects which results in decrease of the
network bandwidth and degradation of wireless
network systems .[7]
PUE Attack : Primary users always have
priority to access the spectrum because they are
legitimitate users . In case primary user is detected ,
all other users immediately leave that band . but
sometimes secondary users start behaving like
primary users and imitate the characteristics of
primary users to launch primary user emulation
attack .[11]
Sybil Attack : In this attack single entity
claims to be multiple identies at a same time
resulting in ineffectiveness of many functions
performed by sensor network like routing and
resource allocation .This attack mostly occurs in
peer to peer networks where it undermine the
power and authority of established network . When
any faulty node becomes part of such network it
starts overhearing the communication and start
controlling the network in its own way .Validation
techniques can be used to prevent these attacks
.[14]
Wormhole attack : In wormhole attack the
attacker starts recording packets of data at any one
location and then redistribute that data in whole
network . it is difficult to prevent the network from
wormhole attack even if the network
communication system provides authenticity and
confidentiality .[16]To establish a wormhole attack
a direct link known as wormhole link is created
between two dedicated nodes present in network .
As soon as wormhole link becomes operational
eavesdropping of messages start at origin point and
those messages start replaying at destination point
.During the route discovery the attackers makes the
nodes believe that path through them is
shortest.Under wormhole attack malicious nodes
steal the identity of legitimitate nodes [17]. To
detect such attack , the system requires special
hardware and time based synchronization
algorithm.
Node impersonation attack : In this attack
an authorized entity called node is impersonated by
breaking an procedural mechanism . The attacker
assumes the identity of another node in the
network, thus receiving messages are directed to
the fake node. These attacks are also called
spoofing attacks . this attack is considered to
initialize the first step to enter in the network for
carring out further attacks.[8] Depending on the
access level of the impersonated node, the intruder
may even be able to reconfigure the network so that
other attackers can easily join or attacker could
remove security measures to allow subsequent
attempts of intrusion .these attcks can also inject
false routing information in the network This kind
of malicious behavior can be detected using the
hash function and the signature that is associated
with the incoming data packets .[18]
Timing attack : In case of timing attack
attacker attempts to compromise the security and
reliability of system by analyzing the time taken to
execute the cryptographic nad network secutiy
algorithms.Some information could be gathered by
analyzing the time required to execute the queries
which could differ depending on the required
input.[12]These attacks are basically used to attack
on weak computing device. Timing attacks enable
an attacker to extract secrets maintained in a
security system. The most widely accepted defense
against timing attacks is to perform RSA
blinding.This attack could be implemented without
the knowledge of victim . the effectiveness of this
attack depends upon various factors like cpu
configuration , algorithms used and accuracy of
timing measurements .
Illusion attack: In case of illusion attack
the attacker creats fraud traffic safety message and
the victim receive the message and believe it and
changes its behavior according to the message
parameters [9].
Sinkhole attack :Wireless networks are
vulnerable to attack called sinkhole attack. This
attack prevent the base station from obtaining
complete and correct sensing data.Many current
routing protocols in sensor networks are
susceptible to the sinkhole attack. In a Sinkhole
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1273 | P a g e
attack , a compromised node tries to draw all or as
much traffic as possible from a particular area, by
making itself look attractive to the surrounding
nodeswith respect to the routing metric. As a result,
the adversary node manages to attract all traffic
that is destined to the base station.By taking part in
the routing process, node can launch more severe
attacks, like selective forwarding, modifying or
even dropping the packets coming through.[10]
It locates a list of suspected nodes by checking data
consistency, and then identifies the intruder in the
list through analyzing the network flow
information. Specific detection rules could be made
that can make legitimate nodes become aware of
the threat, whilethe attack is still taking place.[13]
IV PROPOSED APPROACH
After conducting a thorough survey we
have arrived at this problem statement as follows :
It is to detect selfish nodes in a cognitive network
and develop a scanning algorithm for its detection.
This research is based on the hypothesis that an
efficient algorithm should be generated that could
identify the nodes that are degrading the efficiency
of network in which false positive rates are
calculated in such a way that they help us to give
less number of false rates .
The advantage of using this approach will
be to develop a strategy to detect when the
nodes turn selfish and how they are affecting
overall routing of packets and packet delivery
ratios. It will help us to simulate the spectrum
characteristics for cognitive devices and to
maintain an hierarchy /topology of primary users
and secondary cognitive device users. It will
generate an simulated environment for scanning
and detecting selfish nodes.
Figure1 : Research design
Under methodology we have described step by
step procedure to detect selfish node in cognitive
radio network.First we need to initialise a spectrum
for cognitive radio networks. It is important to
analyze the spectrum environment in which
cognitive radio will operate. Second step is to
deploy primary and secondary devices in a
particularly defined area.After that deployment it is
important to start communication between nodes.
Deploy source , forwarder or sink. In an
cognitive radio architecture one node will
assume to be source , other node as sink and
all other nodes are forwarding nodes. Identify
sweet point in spectrum. Sweet spot is
considered to be that point in spectrum where
frequencies are low enough to provide good
coverage with few amount of transmitters in that
coverage area while accommodating large
bandwidths. At the time all communication is
happening between nodes in the background of
scenario watch dog approach is used . In case of
watch dog approach a buffer is maintained
which contains all the packets that have been sent
recently. It detects the selfish nodes in the network
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1274 | P a g e
by overhearing the transmission in network . For
the detection purpose , first it is really
important to hack a certain nodes which simply
means to make a node selfish . So an external node
will attempt to hack a node in network by using
keys. When the keys will match it will display a
message hack attempt successful . In case keys
does not match external node will try to hack the
node again and will try an another attempt. In case
hacker attempt is successful it will start
communicating with that node with which it keys
matches.so it means those nodes start behaving
as selfish nodes .
For seeing the accuracy of algorithm
classifiers are used. The results will come out in
form of false positive and false negative rate
which is defined in percentage.
V RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Figure 2 – Results
Figure 3 – Selfish Network Graph
This proposed methodology helps us to
analyze the behaviour of cognitive network
under various constraints of resources. By doing
such analysis we can give better future products
that will use the resources in a much more efficient
way. It will help us to ensure and develop
reliable cognitive networks since we will be
delivering packet delivery ratio. It will help us to
find out when does the nodes turn selfish and
misbehave in the cognitive radio. This strategy
ensures the system to detect such misbehaviours
and to avoid loss of packets.
VII . CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
So this results concludes that if any node
attempts to behave selfish it could be identified by
using our proposed algorithm. This algorithm
provides an accuracy of 80.22% .
Our result graph shows that selfish node
utilize all the resources of network and does not
allow other users to use that spectrum which
results in spectrum deficiency and
underutilization of network resources .
This proposed algorithm
works in certain scenario . But as the scenario will
change and new methods would be developed to
attack on a cognitive radio networks , it will
require certain modifications in it .
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8