This document discusses security issues and attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It provides an introduction to MANETs and their characteristics. It outlines the general objectives of analyzing flooding attacks on MANETs and preventing such attacks for networks with high node mobility. It describes common attacks on MANETs such as flooding attacks, blackhole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Byzantine attacks. The document also discusses security mechanisms for MANETs including preventive cryptography-based approaches and reactive intrusion detection system approaches. It stresses the need for comprehensive security solutions to deal with the diverse attacks that are facilitated by the open and dynamic nature of MANETs.

1. Security Issues And
Attacks in
Mobile Ad hoc Network

2. 1. Objective
2. Motivation
3. Introduction To MANET
4. Flooding attack and its types
5. DSR Routing protocol
6. Literature survey
7. Proposed Technique
8. About Simulator (NS-2)
9. Results and analysis
10. Conclusion
11. Future Work

3. The general objectives can be outlined as follows:
 Get a general understanding of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.
 Literature survey of various intrusion detection systems for
MANET.
 Analysis of effect of node Mobility Speed and Pause time.
 Analysis of RREQ flooding Attack in MANET.
 Simulation and Analysis of our flooding attack prevention
algorithm for the networks with higher node mobility.

4. Mobile ad hoc networks
are the autonomous
collection devices
connected in a peer-to-
peer and multi-hop
fashion without the use
of central base stations
or access points.

5.  Each node have communication capabilities.
 Nodes can communicate directly with each other if they falls in
the radio coverage range of each other otherwise use the
concept of multi hop.
 Each node behaves like station and Router.
 All the nodes participate in the routing and the performance
depend upon the cooperation between the nodes.
 MANET are useful where infrastructure is absent or installation
is not possible.

6. C
F
B
A
E D

7. Characteristics of MANET
 Operating without any central coordinator/base station.
 Dynamic topology.
 Energy-constrained operation
 Longer transmission range due to multi-hop relay.
 Self-configuring.
 Constraint Bandwidth.
 Distributed Operation

8. Security Goals
 Availability
 Confidentiality
 Integrity
 Authentication
 Non-repudiation
 Access Control

9. The following are the advantages of MANETs:
 Rapid deployable.
 Self Configurable.
 Mobility.
 Does not requires any infrastructure to work.
 Cost Effective.
 Less time consuming.
 More robust than cellular system.

10.  Dynamic changing topology
 Limited Bandwidth.
 Limited battery power.
 Security issues.

11. Security problems in MANET
 Open Media
 Routing Protocol Does not have any security mechanism
 Continuous changing topology.
 Unavailability of central coordinator
 Requires cooperation between the devices

12. Attacks in MANET can be classified as
 Passive Attack
 Active Attacks.

13.  Attacker snoops the data exchanged in the network without
altering it.
 This attack target the confidentiality attribute of the system.
 Passive attack is very difficult to detect because the operation of
the network is not affected by this type attack.
 Passive attacks are generally used to gather the information
about the network or know the communication pattern between
the communicating parties. This attack is easy to launch and it
may lead to active attack.

14.  Attacker attempts to modify or alter the data being exchanged in
the network.
 It may disrupts the normal functioning of the network.
 In active attack the intruders can modify the packets, inject the
packets, drops the packet, or it can use the various feature of
the network to launch the attack.
 Active attacks are very dangerous.

15. ATTACKS IN MANET
(Classification-II)
Attacks in MANET can also be classified as
 External Attack: Carried out by nodes that do not
belong to the domain of the network.
 Internal Attack: Internal attacks are from compromised
nodes, which are actually part of the network.

16. • A Black-hole is a malicious node that falsely replies for route
requests without having an active route to the destination and
exploits the Routing Protocol to advertise itself as having a shortest
route to destination.
• By advertizing the shortest route ,source station starts sending data
through the black hole node and it become the active element in the
route.

17. • In this Attack, an attacker records packets at one location in the
network and tunnels them to another location.
• This tunnel between two colluding attackers is referred as a
wormhole .
• Routing can be disrupted when routing control messages are
tunnelled.
• when a wormhole attack is used against an on-demand routing
protocol the attack could prevent the discovery of any routes other
than through the wormhole.

18. Byzantine Attack
• A compromised intermediate node works alone, or a set of
compromised intermediate nodes works in collusion and carry out
attacks.
• These attacker node creates routing loops, forwarding packets
through non-optimal paths or selectively dropping packets, which
results in disruption or degradation of the routing services

19. Sleep Deprivation
 It is also called as resource consumption attack
 An attacker or a compromised node can attempt to consume battery
life by requesting excessive route discovery, or by forwarding
unnecessary packets to the victim node.

20. Location Disclosure
 An attacker reveals information regarding the location of nodes or
the structure of the network. It gathers the node location information,
such as a route map, and then plans further attack scenarios.
 Adversaries try to figure out the identities of communication parties
and analyze traffic to learn the network traffic pattern the traffic
pattern. The leakage of such information is devastating in security
sensitive scenarios.

21. Eavesdropping
 The main goal of eavesdropping is to obtain some confidential
information that should be kept secret during the communication.
 This confidential information may include the location, public key,
private key or even passwords of the nodes.

22. Flooding Attack can be
launched by flooding the
network with fake
RREQs or data packets
leading to the
congestion of the
network and reduces the
probability of data
transmission of the
genuine nodes.

23. Depending upon the types of packet used to flood the
network, flooding attack is classified in two categories:
 RREQ FLOODING
 DATA FLOODING

24.  In the RREQ flooding attack, the attacker broadcast the many
RREQ packets for the IP which does not exists in the network.
 To perform RREQ flooding ,Intruders disable the
RREQ_ratelimit parameter.
Effects:
1.Consumes network bandwidth
2.consumes nodes battery power
3.Legitimated user can not able to use the network for valid
communication.

25. In the data flooding, data packets are used to flood the network.
In this, first malicious node built a path to all the nodes then sends
the large amount of bogus data packets. These useless data
packet exhausts the network resources.
Effects:
1.Hard to detect
2. Can be detected by the application layer of the receiver.
3. Exhausts the network resources.

26. Security Attacks on protocol Stack

27. Security Mechanism
 Preventive Mechanism: Conventional authentication
and encryption schemes are based on cryptography
 Cryptography
 Hash functions
 Digital signature
 Reactive Mechanism:An intrusion detection system
is used as a second line of defence
 Anomaly based IDS
 Signature based IDS

28.  Due to the mobility and open media nature ,the mobile ad hoc
networks are more prone to security threats compared to the wired
network. Therefore security needs are higher in mobile ad hoc
networks compared to the traditional networks
 There is a need of comprehensive security solution which can deal
with attack the types of attacks

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