Removal of Excess salts to root zone (IGKV RAIPUR C.G)
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This document discusses methods for reclaiming saline soils by removing excess salts from the root zone. Mechanical methods include flooding the land to leach salts down below the root zone through standing water. Cultural methods involve providing drainage, using salt-free irrigation water, planting seeds in furrows to avoid salt concentrations, using acidic fertilizers, and growing salt-tolerant crops. Chemical methods involve adding gypsum or sulfur to help reclaim saline soils.
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Soil
Soil pH and permeability are important soil properties that affect plant growth. Soil pH indicates acidity or alkalinity levels and can be measured using a probe or colorimetric kit, with ideal levels varying by plant. Extremes in pH impact nutrient availability and symbiotic relationships, with common causes of low pH including nitrogen fertilizers and crop removal. Soil permeability refers to water and air flow and is assessed by texture, with clayey soils having very slow permeability and sandy soils being rapid. Permeability can be estimated visually or through field tests measuring flow rates.
Reclamation of calcareous soil (IGKV RAIPUR C.G)
Cultural, water, biological, and chemical methods can be used to reclaim calcareous soil. Cultural methods include tillage to improve pore space and water holding capacity, mulching to leach salts in initial years, and continuous cropping to gradually reduce excess sodium percentage with depth. Water management involves drainage to store 15 cm of rainfall without affecting rice yields and leaching salts. Biological reclamation uses organic manure addition, which helps dissolve calcium compounds through decomposition and root action. Chemical reclamation employs phosphatic fertilizers placed near plant roots and in ball form to increase phosphorus availability, and amendments like gypsum, calcium chloride, sulfuric acid, and iron sulfate which supply soluble calcium or hydrolyze to form acids
Salt affected soil
The document discusses the management of salt-affected soils. It describes salt-affected soils as those with soluble salts that affect crop growth. Management involves maintaining downward water and salt movement, reducing groundwater replenishment and ingress of salts. Specific techniques include planned irrigation, controlling surplus water, improving drainage, crop selection based on salt tolerance, and leaching to manage soil salinity.
Reclamation of salt affected soils
This document discusses different types of salt-affected soils, including saline soils, sodic soils, and saline-sodic soils. It describes the properties of each soil type and methods for reclamation. Sodic soils have a high sodium content which reduces water intake, while saline soils contain water-soluble salts like chlorides and sulfates. Reclamation of saline soils involves leaching salts from the root zone through irrigation and drainage. Reclamation of sodic soils requires adding calcium amendments like gypsum to replace sodium on clay surfaces and improve soil structure and permeability. Proper drainage is also needed to manage salt levels in both soil types.
Characterisation and management of salt affected soils (1)
Salt affected soils are soils containing soluble salts that negatively impact plant growth. They are classified as saline soils containing neutral salts or alkali soils containing soluble sodium salts. Saline soils occur in arid regions due to insufficient rainfall for leaching salts out of the soil. Alkali soils form due to accumulation of soluble sodium salts that disperse soil particles. Management of salt affected soils involves physical measures like leaching and drainage, chemical amendments like gypsum, and soil management practices like basin irrigation and growing salt tolerant crops.
INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR MANAGEMENT OF SALINE AND SODIC SOILS BY SUPRIYA
This document provides an overview of integrated approaches for managing saline and sodic soils. It discusses various management practices including hydraulic, physical, cultural, agronomic, chemical, and biological methods. Hydraulic methods for saline soils include leaching excess salts through ponding or sprinkler irrigation. For sodic soils, methods focus on improving drainage and reducing the sodium adsorption ratio of irrigation water. The document also discusses choosing appropriate crops and amendments like gypsum to reclaim salt-affected soils.
Impact of calcareous soil on crop production in bihar
Calcareous soils contain measurable amounts of calcium carbonate and occur in arid and semi-arid regions receiving less than 600mm of annual precipitation. They are characterized by a pH between 7.0-8.5 and effervesce when treated with acid. Calcareous soils in Bihar cover 17.4 million hectares and support crops like rice, sugarcane, maize, tobacco and wheat through management practices like tillage, organic matter addition, and application of phosphatic fertilizers near the root zone.
Soluble Salts & Plant Growth
This document discusses soluble salts and their effects on plant growth. Excess salt can kill plants and render soil unproductive for decades. Salts come from many sources including irrigation water, groundwater, and soil parent materials. High salt levels harm plants by reducing growth and interfering with their ability to extract water from soil. Different plant species have varying tolerances. The document outlines methods for classifying salt-affected soils, reclaiming salty soils through drainage, replacing sodium, and leaching salts below the root zone, and managing salty soils through water control and planting techniques.
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Soil
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Reclamation of calcareous soil (IGKV RAIPUR C.G)
Cultural, water, biological, and chemical methods can be used to reclaim calcareous soil. Cultural methods include tillage to improve pore space and water holding capacity, mulching to leach salts in initial years, and continuous cropping to gradually reduce excess sodium percentage with depth. Water management involves drainage to store 15 cm of rainfall without affecting rice yields and leaching salts. Biological reclamation uses organic manure addition, which helps dissolve calcium compounds through decomposition and root action. Chemical reclamation employs phosphatic fertilizers placed near plant roots and in ball form to increase phosphorus availability, and amendments like gypsum, calcium chloride, sulfuric acid, and iron sulfate which supply soluble calcium or hydrolyze to form acids
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The document discusses the management of salt-affected soils. It describes salt-affected soils as those with soluble salts that affect crop growth. Management involves maintaining downward water and salt movement, reducing groundwater replenishment and ingress of salts. Specific techniques include planned irrigation, controlling surplus water, improving drainage, crop selection based on salt tolerance, and leaching to manage soil salinity.
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This document discusses different types of salt-affected soils, including saline soils, sodic soils, and saline-sodic soils. It describes the properties of each soil type and methods for reclamation. Sodic soils have a high sodium content which reduces water intake, while saline soils contain water-soluble salts like chlorides and sulfates. Reclamation of saline soils involves leaching salts from the root zone through irrigation and drainage. Reclamation of sodic soils requires adding calcium amendments like gypsum to replace sodium on clay surfaces and improve soil structure and permeability. Proper drainage is also needed to manage salt levels in both soil types.
Characterisation and management of salt affected soils (1)
Salt affected soils are soils containing soluble salts that negatively impact plant growth. They are classified as saline soils containing neutral salts or alkali soils containing soluble sodium salts. Saline soils occur in arid regions due to insufficient rainfall for leaching salts out of the soil. Alkali soils form due to accumulation of soluble sodium salts that disperse soil particles. Management of salt affected soils involves physical measures like leaching and drainage, chemical amendments like gypsum, and soil management practices like basin irrigation and growing salt tolerant crops.
INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR MANAGEMENT OF SALINE AND SODIC SOILS BY SUPRIYA
This document provides an overview of integrated approaches for managing saline and sodic soils. It discusses various management practices including hydraulic, physical, cultural, agronomic, chemical, and biological methods. Hydraulic methods for saline soils include leaching excess salts through ponding or sprinkler irrigation. For sodic soils, methods focus on improving drainage and reducing the sodium adsorption ratio of irrigation water. The document also discusses choosing appropriate crops and amendments like gypsum to reclaim salt-affected soils.
Impact of calcareous soil on crop production in bihar
Calcareous soils contain measurable amounts of calcium carbonate and occur in arid and semi-arid regions receiving less than 600mm of annual precipitation. They are characterized by a pH between 7.0-8.5 and effervesce when treated with acid. Calcareous soils in Bihar cover 17.4 million hectares and support crops like rice, sugarcane, maize, tobacco and wheat through management practices like tillage, organic matter addition, and application of phosphatic fertilizers near the root zone.
Soluble Salts & Plant Growth
This document discusses soluble salts and their effects on plant growth. Excess salt can kill plants and render soil unproductive for decades. Salts come from many sources including irrigation water, groundwater, and soil parent materials. High salt levels harm plants by reducing growth and interfering with their ability to extract water from soil. Different plant species have varying tolerances. The document outlines methods for classifying salt-affected soils, reclaiming salty soils through drainage, replacing sodium, and leaching salts below the root zone, and managing salty soils through water control and planting techniques.
Problematic soil
This document discusses different types of problematic soils including acidic, saline, and alkali soils. It provides details on the characteristics and causes of each soil type as well as management practices. Acidic soils have a pH below 7 and are common in India. Saline soils contain excess salts and are found in certain states. Alkali soils have a high pH and hard layers. The document also covers physical properties of problematic soils such as soil crusting, water logging, erosion, and swelling.
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This document discusses different types of problem soils in India, including saline soils, sodic soils, and acid soils. Saline soils contain excess salts and affect plant growth through osmotic effects. Sodic soils have a high pH and sodium content which disperses clay and reduces permeability. Acid soils are characterized by low pH and aluminum toxicity. The document outlines methods for reclaiming each soil type, including leaching salts from saline soils, applying gypsum to sodic soils to replace sodium with calcium, and liming acid soils to raise pH. Crop selection, irrigation management, and soil amendments are also important strategies for reclaiming problem soils.
Calcareous soil , Origin, Properties and Distribution in India (IGKV RAIPUR ,...
This document discusses calcareous soils, which contain high amounts of calcium carbonate. Calcareous soils form in both arid and humid regions through weathering of parent rocks containing calcium carbonate. They are characterized by a calcic horizon with over 15% calcium carbonate. Calcareous soils have properties like effervescing when acid is added, high pH between 7-8.5, and flocculated structure. Nutrient availability can be reduced for phosphorus, potassium and zinc due to high calcium carbonate levels. Calcareous soils are found distributed in parts of India like eastern Uttar Pradesh and north Bihar districts.
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This document discusses different types of problematic soils including acidic, saline, and alkali soils. It provides details on the characteristics and causes of each soil type as well as management practices. Acidic soils have a pH below 7 and are common in India. Saline soils contain excess salts and are found in certain states. Alkali soils have a high pH and hard layers. The document also covers physical properties of problematic soils such as soil crusting, water logging, erosion, and swelling.
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This document discusses waterlogging and salinity issues in soils. It defines waterlogging as soils saturated with water and describes various causes of waterlogging including seepage from canals, poor drainage, and flooding. It outlines effects on plant growth like reduced oxygen and gas exchange. Reclamation methods include interceptor drains and pumping groundwater. The document also defines soil salinity and describes processes of formation. Causes in Pakistan include poor leaching and irrigation water. Management includes leaching, crop selection, and adding organic matter or chemicals.
Problematic soils (aridisol)
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Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
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Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
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This ppt is about the distribution of wasteland and problem soils. Those lands are wastelands which are ecologically unstable,
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This document discusses the formation and classification of saline, sodic, and saline-sodic soils. It defines each soil type and explains that saline soils contain excess soluble salts, sodic soils contain excess sodium, and saline-sodic soils contain appreciable amounts of both. The document also lists the major sources of soluble salts that can lead to the formation of these problematic soils, such as arid climates, groundwater, ocean water, irrigation water, and fertilizer use. Finally, it provides the key characteristics used to classify each soil type based on factors like pH, EC, ESP, TSS, and SAR levels.
Saline And Sodic Soils
Saline, sodic, and saline-sodic soils occur when rainfall is insufficient to leach salts below the root zone, leaving soils high in salts like sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate. Saline soils have high salt levels that increase osmotic pressure and reduce water availability to plants. Sodic soils have high sodium levels that disperse soil particles, reducing infiltration and root growth. Saline-sodic soils contain both high salts and sodium but remain flocculated if salt levels stay elevated; management focuses on exchanging sodium for calcium followed by leaching salts. Proper irrigation water quality and sufficient leaching are needed to manage all salt-affected soils for agriculture.
Management of poor quality water 24 04 2020
The document discusses management practices for using poor quality irrigation water, including ensuring adequate drainage, properly leveling land, using poor quality water on light textured soils, making proper crop selections choosing salt tolerant varieties, applying gypsum and organic amendments, using poor and good quality water conjunctively, monitoring soil salinity and sodicity, and using village pond water with testing. It also lists crops that are tolerant, semi-tolerant, and sensitive to poor quality irrigation water.
Sodic soil pkm
This document discusses soil sodicity and management strategies. It shows monthly variation in soil salinity, with highest levels in summer months. It then outlines causes of sodic soils like salt accumulation and exchange of sodium for other cations. This leads to poor physical properties and low productivity by damaging roots and limiting aeration. Diagnosis involves measuring pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and gypsum requirement. Amendments like gypsum, acids, and limestone can replace sodium with calcium to disperse clay and improve structure. Finer gypsum is more soluble but its dissolution depends on sodium level and water availability. Proper reclamation requires identifying soil properties and selecting amendments to sustain crop growth.
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This document discusses different types of problematic soils and their management. It introduces salt-affected soils, including saline soils, sodic soils, and saline-sodic soils. It describes their characteristics and compares them. Reclamation methods for these soils include cultural practices, use of tolerant crops, biological and chemical amendments like gypsum, and irrigation management. Acidic soils and their reclamation using liming are also covered. The document provides an overview of various challenging soil conditions and approaches to improve soil productivity.
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The Problematic soils are major constrain for agriculture. Understanding their properties in important for providing solutions. Sodic soils are one of them mainly found in coastal areas and Arid climate conditions. Further knowledge about management of sodic soils is necessary.
3. salt affcted soil.pptx
1. The document discusses salt-affected soils found in arid and semi-arid regions characterized by low precipitation and high evaporation. These soils can become saline, sodic, or saline-sodic.
2. Saline soils contain appreciable amounts of soluble salts like chlorides and sulfates which do not affect the soil structure. Sodic soils contain exchangeable sodium which disperses clay and degrades the soil structure. Saline-sodic soils have high salinity and sodicity.
3. Reclamation of saline soils involves leaching salts below the root zone. Reclamation of sodic soils requires adding amendments like gypsum to replace exchangeable sodium with calcium and restore soil structure
Soil salinity problem in irrigated lands
This presentation discusses the salinity problem in irrigated land. Salt accumulates in soil when water evaporates, leaving the salt behind. Irrigation water and rainfall contain salts that accumulate over time if not properly drained. Factors like irrigation method, drainage, soil type, and climate affect salinity levels. High salinity stunts plant growth and reduces yields. Management strategies include drainage, leaching salts from the soil, adjusting irrigation practices, using fertilizers and bioremediation techniques. The literature review discusses studies on the impacts of soil salinity in India and methods to monitor and predict salinity levels. Proper drainage and adding organic matter can help reclaim saline soils.
Saline Soils And Their Reclamation.pptx.
Saline soils contain enough soluble salts to interfere with plant growth of most crop plants and are classified as saline. Reclamation of saline soils refers to removing soluble salts from the root zone. There are several methods to reclaim saline soils, including leaching salts from the soil through irrigation, subsurface drainage to remove excess water and dissolved salts, adding gypsum or organic matter to improve soil properties, and using halophytic plants that are tolerant of saline conditions. Approximately 14% of irrigated lands in Pakistan are affected by soil salinity due to improper irrigation practices and lack of drainage, resulting in significant crop yield losses.
saline and alkaline properties ppt.pptx
Alkaline Soils
Clay soils with a pH of more than 8.5 are classified as alkaline soils. The higher pH is caused by high quantities of salt, magnesium, and calcium. Furthermore, hard water can cause the pH of soils to rise to alkaline proportions. On the other hand, sodium carbonate is the dominant component in alkaline soil. Therefore, alkaline soils inflate when exposed to sodium carbonate.
Saline Soils
When there is an overabundance of sodium ions in the clay and soil complex that still includes exchangeable calcium, the soil is referred to as saline soil, brown alkali soil, or white alkali soil. This soil continues to be flocculated or granulated. As a result, it has air and water permeability.
Agriculture on Saline and Alkaline Soils
Coconut trees may be found in abundance in coastal settings. In addition, as previously stated, farming salt-tolerant crops such as dhaincha, berseem, and other grain legume crops may aid in the reclamation of these soils. Moreover, some of the suitable agriculture on saline-alkaline soil is mentioned below:
Suitable Crops: Barley, Cotton, Sugar beet, Sugarcane, Rice, Mustard, Maize, Green Gram, Red Gram, Sunflower, Sesame, Linseed, Sorghum, Bajra, etc.
Suitable Vegetables: Tomato, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Cucumber, Bitter guard, Pumpkin, Spinach, etc.
Suitable Fruits: Guava, Beetroot, Asparagus, Coconut, Banana, Grape, Pomegranate, Date palm, etc.
Features of Saline and Alkaline Soils
The topsoil of Saline and Alkaline Soil is permeated (saturated or soaked with a material) with alkaline and saline efflorescences.
Weathering produces calcium salts, magnesium, sodium, and sulfurous acid from inert rock pieces.
In areas with a lower water table, salts permeate the subsurface, but in areas with high drainage, salts are washed away by running water.
Certain salts are delivered in suspension by rivers.
In places with a higher subsoil surface water, harmful salts are carried below by capillary forces during the summer months due to evaporation.
Water with a high salt content becomes stationary in places with inadequate drainage and accumulates all of the salt contents in the soil layer as it dissipates.
Alkaline and Saline Soil Areas in India
Saline and Alkaline Soil covers an area of 68,000 square kilometers. These soils are formed in canal rinsed lands and locations with a higher subsurface water table. This type of soil may be found in parts of Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, and Maharashtra. However, the build-up of the salts leaves the soil unproductive and unsuited for cultivation.
The sea tides transporting salt-laden sediments damage the lands near the Khambhat Gulf of Gujarat. As a result, vast portions of the Mahi, Tapi, Narmada, and Sabarmati rivers are unproductive. When severe storms, salty sea waves invade coastal locations, rendering the soil unsuitable for farming.
Basic concepts of drainage and leaching
Waterlogging occurs when excess water fills the pore spaces in soil, limiting oxygen availability for plant roots and microbes. It is caused by over-irrigation, poor drainage, impermeable soil layers, and high water tables. Effects include soil salinization when salts concentrate at the surface after water evaporates, reduced aeration harming root and microbial activity, decreased soil temperature, and restrictions on crop growth and cultivation methods. Proper drainage systems are needed to lower water tables and prevent waterlogging.
Soil Salinity by CHETHANKUMAR P
This document discusses soil salinity, including its causes, effects, and management strategies. It begins by defining salinity as the presence of excess salts in the soil. The major causes of salinity include natural rock weathering, fluctuating water tables, lack of rainfall, and irrigation with saline water. Saline soils are then categorized based on electrical conductivity, pH, and exchangeable sodium percentage. The document outlines various effects of salinity such as reduced water availability, ion toxicity, and nutritional imbalances. Evaluation methods and management approaches are then presented, such as water and soil management practices, leaching salts from the root zone, and using salt-tolerant crops.
7 waterlogging and salinity
This document discusses waterlogging and salinity issues in soils. It defines waterlogging as soils saturated with water and describes various causes like seepage from canals, poor drainage, and interrupted surface runoff. Waterlogging reduces oxygen in soils and affects plant growth. Reclamation methods include interceptor drains and pumping groundwater. Salinity refers to salt presence in soils. Causes in Pakistan include poor leaching, irrigation water, and groundwater. Saline soils are classified and effects on plants described. Reclamation involves leaching salts and adding organic matter or chemicals.
7-Waterlogging and salinity
This document discusses waterlogging and salinity issues in soils. It defines waterlogging as soils saturated with water and describes various causes of waterlogging including seepage from canals, poor drainage, and excessive irrigation. It outlines effects on plant growth like reduced oxygen and gas exchange. Reclamation methods include interceptor drains and pumping groundwater. Salinity is defined as salt presence in soils. Causes in Pakistan include poor leaching and irrigation/groundwater. Classification depends on salt levels and composition. Effects on plants include reduced water availability and specific ion toxicity. Reclamation involves leaching, crop selection, and adding organic matter or chemicals.
16. Water Logging and Salinity Part -2.pdf
Surface and subsurface drainage systems are used to remove excess water from irrigated areas. Surface drainage involves open ditches and land grading to carry water away, while subsurface or tile drainage uses underground pipes to drain water from below the soil surface. Tile drains are made of porous material and laid in trenches backfilled with filter material to prevent soil intrusion. They are connected to larger surface drains or pumps. Different tile drainage layouts are used depending on topography, including natural, gridiron, herringbone, and interceptor systems. Soil salinity occurs when salt concentrations in the root zone inhibit plant growth. It can be caused by high water tables, arid climates with limited leaching, or poor quality
Similar to Removal of Excess salts to root zone (IGKV RAIPUR C.G) (20)
Effect of Poor Quality Waters on Soil and Crop Growth and Management.pptx
Effect of Poor Quality Waters on Soil and Crop Growth and Management.pptx
Alkaline soil , Origin, Properties and Distribution in India
Alkaline soil , Origin, Properties and Distribution in India
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. 8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Recently uploaded (20)
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
Removal of Excess salts to root zone (IGKV RAIPUR C.G)
- 1. Reclamation of saline soil measure &emphasis on leaching requirement
- 2. PRINCIPAL Removal of excess salts to a desired level in the root zone. • Reclamation :- A. Mechanical method B. Cultural method C. Chemical method
- 3. MECHANICAL METHODS A. Flooding and leaching down of the soluble salts • The leaching can be done by first ponding the water on the land and lowering it to stand there for a week . • Most of the soluble salts would leach down below the root zone. • After a week standing water is allowed to escape. • Sometime gypsum is added to flood water when the soluble salts are low in calcium to check development of alkalinity.
- 4. B. Scrapping of the surface soil :- • When the soluble salt accumulate on the soil surface scrapping helps to remove salts. • This is a temporary cure and salinity again develops on such lands. Cultural method :- 1 . providing proper drainage : If the soil is not free draining , artificial ,drains are opened or tail drains laid under ground to help out the salts. 2. use of salt free irrigation water salt free good quality of irrigation water should be used 3. Proper use of irrigation water It is known that as the amount of water in the soil decreases the concentration of salts in the soil solution increase , thus , moisture should be kept at optimum field capacity.
- 5. 4. Plantingor sowing of seeds in the furrow • The salts concentration even in smaller amounts , is most harmful to the geminating seedling • Water generally evaporates from the highest surface by capillarity and hence , these points have maximum salt concentration . • If the seeds or seedling are planted inside the furrows , they escape the zone of maximum salt concentration and thus , can geminate and develop properly during their early growth stage .
- 6. 5. Useof acidicfertilizer:- • In saline soil , acidic nature of fertilizers should be used • e.g. Amonium sulphate 6. Useoforganicmanures • The organic have very high water holding capacity • When sufficient amount of these manure are added the water holding capacity of soil increase and as a result the conductivity of the soil solution decreases.
- 7. 7. Ploughingand levelingof the land :- • Ploughing and leveling of the land increase the infiltration and percolation rate therefore salt leach down to the lower levels 8.Retardingof waterevaporationfromsoil surface:- • Water may be conserved in the soil retarding the water evaporation thus , salts may be remain in the lower level with the water 9. Growingor salt tolerant crops:-
- 8. Chemical amelioration:- • Gypsum • Sulphur