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Soil in Chhattisgarh (IGKV RAIPUR. C.G)
- 2. Agro-clmatic zone wise local name of the soils of Chattisgarh Chattisgarh plains- Bhata (lateritic - Entisol) Matasi (sandy loam - Inceptisol) Dorsa (clay -loam - Alfisol) Kanhar (Clay - Vertisol) Bastar plateau - Marhan (coarse sandy) Tikra (sandy)
- 3. Mal (Sandy loam) Gabhar (clay- clay loam) Northern hills Hilly soil Tikra soil Goda chwar soil Bahara soil
- 4. Soils of Chattisgarh plains Soils properties gradually change down the slop indicating that drainage condition differential transport of eroded material and translocation and deposition of mobile soil constituents played a major role in development of these soils. Characteristics of soil of C.G. Plains :-
- 5. Characterstics of soils of C.G. Plains- S. NO. SOIL/ CHARAC TER- STICS SOIL (LOCAL NAME/ ORDER) BHATA MATASI DORSA KANHAR 1. Slope Undulating rolling Level gently undulating Level gently undulating Level 2. Colour Reddish to dark reddish Yellow in colour Brownish gray Dark gray brown to black 3. Texture Gravely coarse loamy to sandy Sandy loam Silt loam Clayey 4. Structure Massive (structure less) Angular blocky Sub- angular to angular blocky Angular blocky 5. Cracks Absent Few fine cracks Wide or vertical Very wide
- 6. continued.... S.NO. CHARACT ER-STICS BHATA MATASI DORSA KANHAR 6. Depth Very shallow Moderate Medium to deep moderate to slow Deep 7. Internal drainage rapid Moderate Moderate to slow slow 8. Major crops Small millets,seas amum. Rice, wheat,muta rd,sunfiowe r,groundnu t Rice, gram and soyabean Rice ,gram, soyabean,ar har all rabi crops can be grown on residual moisture.
- 7. Problems of Bhata soil /Entisol They are eroded coarse textured with gravels . excessively drained and acidic in nature. Shallow depth ,low water holding capacity,poor physical conditions and low soil fertility are the major constraints to their use for productive cropping. Problems of Matasi soil /Inceptisol The soils are marginally suited for upland crops due to lack of structural stability, tendency to surface sealing and hardsetting on drying , high susceptibility to erosion and limited water holding capacity.
- 8. Problems of Dorsa soil / Aifisol Extremely low yield of post- rice crops in these soils are mostly due to poor soil physically condition after rice , lack of appropriate tilth in establishing adequate plant population. The major challenge tharefore , lies in exploiting the potential of this soil by ensuring adequate plant population and moisture reserves. Problems of Kanhar soil /Vertisol These soils remain mostly under utilized due to management problems .they have narrow workable soil moisture range. Soil cracking on drying of puddle rice field is irreversible during the crop growth period which in turn promotes water losses . as a result , the rice crop can suffer from drought during long dry spells in spite of low lying field situation.
- 9. Management of soils of C.G. plains Bhata soils :- Even though, this soil is not suitable for growing crops,it can be used for growing crops like small millets , seasamum, other minor crops in patches during rainy season. This allows proper soil utilization. Matasi soils :- These soils are being used exclusively for growing rice after bunding and levelling. The rainfed rice in these soils faces risk of drought with erratic distribution of rainfall but performs very will with irrigation. Dorsa soils :- The major challenge therefore lies in exploiting the potential of these soils by ensuring adequate plant population and
- 10. Continued..... Promoting early vigour with limited economic fertilizer use for deeper root penetration for exploiting the soil moisture reserves. Kanhar soils :-they are used for growing rice under low lying situations receiving considerable run – off from upland fields. Characterstics and Problems of soils of Bastar plateue :- Marhan soils :- Entisols of Bastar are coarse textured , well drained and eroded soils . With low water holding capacity. Joba , ghota , pichekatta and mahandi are important identified soil series. The soil series has high to medium productivity potential
- 11. Continued.... Tikra soils :- Inceptisols of bastar excluding vertic inceptisols are light textured,shallow and have poor water holding capacity . They are agriculturally less important soils in bastar .small milletes like kodo, kutki ,are grown on them in patches. Mal soils :- Alfisol, excluding vertic alfisol ,are the most abundant soils in bastar accounting for 45% of geographical area. The alfisol account for about 50% of geographical area. The identified non- vertic alfisol seriese are Kanhagaon, Korogaon , Dantewada Basala,Boryar,Neghur and Narharpur of which first four have high productivity potential for paddy , wheat , gram , vegetables and sugarcane.
- 12. Gabhar soil :- These soils have good production potential due to high water holding capacity,ample depth, high clay content ,good fertility and responce to fertilizer use. Their management problems and properties are apparently identical to vertisols of chattisgarh plains. Most of these soils have a high production potential for rice ,wheat ,gram , vegetables and sugarcane. Soils of northern hills :- Characterstics and problems of soils of northern hills :- Eroded hilly soils :- About 10% of the region is under this category of soils. The soils occures on highly undulating land with steep slope.
- 13. Continued.... They are coarse textured , stony to sandy , red and yellow coloured and highly eroded. Most of the area is under forest but some arable crops like kodo ,kutki .niger ,toria , etc. Are also grown. Goda chawar soil :- These soils occur under bunded upland situation . Covering about 23 % of the total cultivated area. Early varieties of paddy , groundnut , soyabean, maize , vegetables and fruit cropsare commonly grown in this situation. Problems :- Improper bunding of fields Poor utilization of land due to lack of irrigation ,frequent occurence of drought .
- 14. Continued.... Poor soil fertility and low moisture retension capacity are the major problems limiting the production potential of these soils. Management :- Bunding of upland field is done for checking soil erosion and to conserve rainwater . Chawar soil :- these soils occur in lowland bunded situation covering about 15% of the cultiavated area . Paddy ,wheat ,mustard(irrigated ) and paddy –gram/linseed /lentil(rainfed )are the most common crop rotation. Bahara soil :- These soils occur under extemely lowland situation. The term bahra has local meaning of the flowing water.
- 15. Continued .... The soils have silty loamy texture and have been formed on transported alluvium deposits. There are upper bahras and lower bahras . Soils of large bunded field –the northern hill region , particularly shahdol district ,has a number of fields that are bund by large bunds to conserve water during rainy season.
- 16. Management of bastar platue soil :- Marhan soil :- The farmers choice for using this soil for cultivation is obviously related to its occurrence in favourable moisture regime and ease of management with limited animal dough power due to its lighter texture. The soil series has high to medium productivity potential. Tikra soil :- frequent irrigation . Deep rooted crop should be selected in this type of soils. Organic matter should be mixed in this type of soil for enhance the water holding capacity in soil. Mal soil :- Economic fertilizer use for deeper root penetration for exploiting the soil moisture reserves .
- 17. Continued.... Gabhar/Vertisol :- major challenges is therefore to exploit the production potential of these soil by growing an upland or rice crop during rainy season and ensuring establishment a fallow up short duration winter crop on soil moisture reserves.
- 18. Thank you .