Fertigation is the process of applying water-soluble fertilizers to crops through irrigation systems like drip or sprinkler irrigation. It allows for fertilizer to be dissolved, diluted and distributed with water directly to plant roots. The objectives of fertigation in microirrigation are to maximize profits by applying the right amount of water and fertilizer at the right time while minimizing environmental impacts like fertilizer leaching. Some advantages include more uniform fertilizer distribution, flexible application timing, reduced fertilizer and nutrient losses, and lower costs. Disadvantages can include contamination hazards and needing expert installation and handling of liquid fertilizers.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
The Contingency plans cover contingency strategies to be taken up by farmers in response to major weather related aberrations such as delay in onset and breaks in monsoon causing early, mid and late season droughts, floods, unusual rains, extreme weather events such as heat wave, cold wave, frost, hailstorm and cyclone.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
The Contingency plans cover contingency strategies to be taken up by farmers in response to major weather related aberrations such as delay in onset and breaks in monsoon causing early, mid and late season droughts, floods, unusual rains, extreme weather events such as heat wave, cold wave, frost, hailstorm and cyclone.
PRECISION FARMING
It is an approach where inputs are utilized in precise amounts to get increased average yields, compared to traditional cultivation techniques. It is also known as precision Agriculture, A science of improving crop yield and assisting management decisions using high technology sensor and analysis tools. It is an approach to farm management that uses information technology (IT).
Definition and introduction of fertilizer use efficiency , Causes for Low and Declining Crop Response to Fertilizers and FUE.Methods to increase fertilizer use efficiency.
Fertigation, which is a similar, but more specific term, refers to the application of fertilizer to crops through the
irrigation system.
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Micro irrigation systems are well-suited to
fertigation because of their frequency of operation and because water application can be easily controlled by the
manager
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Micro irrigation systems are well-suited to
fertigation because of their frequency of operation and because water application can be easily controlled by the
manager
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Micro irrigation systems are well-suited to
fertigation because of their frequency of operation and because water application can be easily controlled by the
manager
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Micro irrigation systems are well-suited to
fertigation because of their frequency of operation and because water application can be easily controlled by the
manager
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
PRECISION FARMING
It is an approach where inputs are utilized in precise amounts to get increased average yields, compared to traditional cultivation techniques. It is also known as precision Agriculture, A science of improving crop yield and assisting management decisions using high technology sensor and analysis tools. It is an approach to farm management that uses information technology (IT).
Definition and introduction of fertilizer use efficiency , Causes for Low and Declining Crop Response to Fertilizers and FUE.Methods to increase fertilizer use efficiency.
Fertigation, which is a similar, but more specific term, refers to the application of fertilizer to crops through the
irrigation system.
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Micro irrigation systems are well-suited to
fertigation because of their frequency of operation and because water application can be easily controlled by the
manager
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Micro irrigation systems are well-suited to
fertigation because of their frequency of operation and because water application can be easily controlled by the
manager
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Micro irrigation systems are well-suited to
fertigation because of their frequency of operation and because water application can be easily controlled by the
manager
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers through the irrigation system. Micro irrigation systems are well-suited to
fertigation because of their frequency of operation and because water application can be easily controlled by the
manager
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
site specific. nutrient. management.pptxshivalika6
Site – specific nutrient management is the dynamic, field specific management of nutrients in a particular cropping season to optimize the supply and demand of nutrients according to their differences in cycling through soil-plant systems.
Growing Green: Elevating Crop Health Through Sustainable Fertilizer UpgradesNAQ Global
A resilient, productive, and long-term agricultural system depends on the transition to sustainable fertilizer upgrades, which in itself is a significant environmental issue. We are laying the groundwork for a future where both humanity and the planet can prosper by adopting eco-friendly solutions.
CA implementation in irrigated summer and winter field crops by integrating r...mohammad reza mehrvar
Conservation Agriculture in its applicable form format for a successful production of crops in irrigated environment is completely different from rainfed or dryland farming. In this presentation, the focus is on irrigated wheat including applied system approaches compatible with each other for a sustainable positively forwarding wheat base cropping system.
Title: The System of Rice Intensification vs. Conventional Practices
Presented by: Erika Styger
Presented at: Special Exhibit/Event on Rice Production at Agritechnica
Venue and Date: Hannover, Germany November 15, 2013
The foundation of human civilization is agriculture, which has evolved over millennia with notable breakthroughs that have improved sustainability and production. The creation and use of fertilizers that dissolve in water is one example of such innovation. These fertilizers are essential to contemporary agriculture since they are made to dissolve in water and be easily absorbed by plants.
Growing Green_ Elevating Crop Health Through Sustainable Fertilizer Upgrades.pdfNAQ Global
Fertilizers are essential in the fight for a more sustainable and fruitful agricultural future. Innovative and sustainable fertilizer solutions are being scrutinized as the world struggles to fееd an increasing population while reducing its environmental footprint. Read on to find out how fertilizer enhancements that are kind to the environment change the face of conventional farming. Innovations in sustainable fertilizer quality improvement are pivotal in ensuring that environmentally friendly practices meet the high-yield demands of modern agriculture.
what are the factors affecting the efficiency of fertilizer application .pdfNAQ Global
Several factors influence how well plants can utilize the nutrients provided by fertilizers, and understanding these can help farmers and gardeners make more informed decisions. Below, we explore the key factors that affect the efficiency of fertilizer application. There are several sustainable fertilizer treatment solutions available as well.
This note looks at crop rotation as one of the sustainable arable crop production practices. It describes the approaches to crop rotation, the benefits and the limitations of crop rotation. The note will serve as a valuable resource for higher ed students taking introductory courses in Agriculture.
Management Practices for Improving Water Use Efficiency.pptxanju bala
Water use efficiency
Production (of crops) per unit of water applied.
Expressed in kg/ha-mm.
Two distinct terms are used in expressing water use efficiency:
Crop water use efficiency: It is the ratio of crop yield (Y) to the amount of water depleted by the crop in the process of evapotranspiration (ET).
Crop WUE = Y/ET
Field water use efficiency: It is the ratio of crop yield (Y) to the total amount of water used in the field (WR), which include ET, deep percolation and that used in plant metabolic processes.
Field WUE = Y/WR
Explain Impact of Fertilizers on Agriculture.pdfNAQ Global
Fertilizers are of utmost importance to the modern agricultural industry. Their use greatly increases crop yields and food production from farms that would otherwise be unprofitable.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
1. Fertigation
Application of fertilizer materials via the irrigation system.
Fertigation is a process in which, fertilizer is dissolved, diluted and
distributed along with water in drip or sprinkler irrigation system.
In other word, fertigation is the process of application of water soluble
solid fertilizer or liquid fertilizers through micro irrigation system.
Why we needfertigatin
Uneven growth in fertilizer consumption resulting in state-wisecrop-wise
variation in consumption.
Mining of nutrients fromthe soil at alarming rate (soilfertility depletion due
to inadequate and imbalanced fertilizer use).
Decline in crop responseto fertilizer.
Stagnation in fertilizer production.
Weakening relationship between fertilizer useand food grain production.
Increasing dependenceon fertilizer imports.
Objectives of fertigationinmicroirrigation
• Maximize profit by applying right amount of water and fertilizer at right
time.
• Minimize adverseenvironmental effects by reducing leaching losses of
fertilizers and other chemicals below the root zone.
Advantages
Relatively uniformfertilizer applications and distribution
Flexibility in timing of application
Less fertilizers used and minimum nutrient loss
Reduced costs, savelabour and energy
Even distribution of nutrients throughoutthe root zone
Reduced energy demand
Disadvantages
Potential contamination hazard from equipment malfunctions
Backflow prevention devices required
Careful handling of liquid fertilizer required
May requireexpert design and installation
