The document discusses rehabilitation of open pit mines in the Philippines. It covers the adverse environmental and social impacts of open pit mining, Philippine policies requiring rehabilitation, state-of-the-art rehabilitation practices, and challenges for Philippine mines. The key challenges are ensuring open pits and pit lakes do not become long-term liabilities and developing them for beneficial end uses through collaborative government-industry efforts.
Introduction; Application of Cut-and-Fill (C & F) stoping; The activity cycle of the (C & F) method; Stages of the production cycle of the C & F method; Sequences of extracting ore bodies; Filling in C & F Method; About filling of stopes; Functions of filler; Types of fillers; Advantages and disadvantages of the C & F method
India is endowed with significant valuable mineral resources.
India produces 89 minerals out of which 4 are fuel minerals, 11 metallic, 52 non-metallic and 22 minor minerals.
The metallic production is accounted for by iron-ore, copper-ore, chromite and/or zinc concentrates, gold, manganese ore, bauxite, lead concentrates.
An overview of noise pollution and control is presented, w.r.t. sources, impacts on human life, and mitigation/ control measures. Mining is a hazardous profession, numerous health impact on the miners. Hearing Impairment is one of the major health problems phased on a day to day basis in both open cast (o/c) and underground (u/g) Mines worldwide. But o/c mine is key as it is highly mechanized these days. Thus, this presentation provides basic information w.r.t. noise pollution and control in mines.
This presentation describes the current scenario of mine closing in India, a comparative study with other developed countries like Australia, Canada etc. and GIS based approach for proper execution according to the existing topographical conditions. It's an unconventional approach and having broad scopes to be enhanced in future.
Introduction; Application of Cut-and-Fill (C & F) stoping; The activity cycle of the (C & F) method; Stages of the production cycle of the C & F method; Sequences of extracting ore bodies; Filling in C & F Method; About filling of stopes; Functions of filler; Types of fillers; Advantages and disadvantages of the C & F method
India is endowed with significant valuable mineral resources.
India produces 89 minerals out of which 4 are fuel minerals, 11 metallic, 52 non-metallic and 22 minor minerals.
The metallic production is accounted for by iron-ore, copper-ore, chromite and/or zinc concentrates, gold, manganese ore, bauxite, lead concentrates.
An overview of noise pollution and control is presented, w.r.t. sources, impacts on human life, and mitigation/ control measures. Mining is a hazardous profession, numerous health impact on the miners. Hearing Impairment is one of the major health problems phased on a day to day basis in both open cast (o/c) and underground (u/g) Mines worldwide. But o/c mine is key as it is highly mechanized these days. Thus, this presentation provides basic information w.r.t. noise pollution and control in mines.
This presentation describes the current scenario of mine closing in India, a comparative study with other developed countries like Australia, Canada etc. and GIS based approach for proper execution according to the existing topographical conditions. It's an unconventional approach and having broad scopes to be enhanced in future.
Dangers from surface & Underground water Rathin Biswas
Dangers from surface & underground water and precautionary measures including statutory provisions and various conditions suggested by D.G.M.S. from time to time.
This presentation deals with introductory lecture on Mining Law in India and also focuses on the Constitutional framework regarding Mining Law in the country
Definition of Open pit Mining Parameters, Open pit Mining method, Bench, Open Pit Bench Terminology; Bench height; Cutoff grade; Open Pit Stability, Pit slope, Pit wall stability, Rock strength, Pit Depth, Pit diameter, Water Damage, Strip Ratio, Open-pit mining sequence, Various open-pit and orebody configurations; Ultimate Pit Definition, Manual Design, Computer Methods, Lerchs-Grossman method, Floating cone method; Open pit Optimization, The management of pit optimization, A simple example; The effects of scheduling on the optimal outline ; Optimum production scheduling; Materials handling Ex-Mine; Waste disposal; Dump design; Stability of mine waste dumps; Mine reclamation; Example of Open Pit Mining Methods
Dangers from surface & Underground water Rathin Biswas
Dangers from surface & underground water and precautionary measures including statutory provisions and various conditions suggested by D.G.M.S. from time to time.
This presentation deals with introductory lecture on Mining Law in India and also focuses on the Constitutional framework regarding Mining Law in the country
Definition of Open pit Mining Parameters, Open pit Mining method, Bench, Open Pit Bench Terminology; Bench height; Cutoff grade; Open Pit Stability, Pit slope, Pit wall stability, Rock strength, Pit Depth, Pit diameter, Water Damage, Strip Ratio, Open-pit mining sequence, Various open-pit and orebody configurations; Ultimate Pit Definition, Manual Design, Computer Methods, Lerchs-Grossman method, Floating cone method; Open pit Optimization, The management of pit optimization, A simple example; The effects of scheduling on the optimal outline ; Optimum production scheduling; Materials handling Ex-Mine; Waste disposal; Dump design; Stability of mine waste dumps; Mine reclamation; Example of Open Pit Mining Methods
Aggregation Heuristics for the Open Pit Scheduling ProblemPatricio Reyes
In order to establish a production plan, an open-pit mine is partitioned into a three-dimensional array of blocks. The order in which blocks are extracted and processed has a dramatic impact on the economic value of the exploitation. Since realistic models have millions of blocks and constraints, the combinatorial optimization problem of finding the extraction sequence that maximizes the profit is computationally intractable. In this work we present a procedure based on aggregation and disaggregation heuristics in order to iteratively construct optimal scheduling. The proposed method is implemented and shows very promising and scalable experimental results for realistic case studies.
Breaking down the best practices for the planning and operation of legacy sit...Daniel Eyde
A review of operational issues for legacy mine sites, and the use of natural zeolite ion exchange and sorbent medias as part of an effective water treatment system. Typical problems addressed are acid mine drainage, contamination by organics, heavy metals and radionuclides.
This PPT contains data about What Blasting is, Explosives used in Blasting and there types, Magazine Building, Tools used in Blasting, Precaution in Blasting, Misfire.
Canadian Mining In The Philippines
Development for Whom?
By Fr. Edwin Gariguez
Impact Magazine
CBCP Communication Development
Foundation, Inc.,
Vol.45, No.5, pp.4-6, 15
Conference on Mining's Impact
on Philippine
Economy and Ecology
Financial Executives Institute of the Philippines (FINEX)
Management Association of the Philippines (MAP)
Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI)
GRAND BALLROOM
INTER-CONTINENTAL MANILA
2 March 2012
Friday, 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM
The Gambia’s adaptation experience: Coastal protection and building resilienc...Tariq A. Deen
The section will provide best practices regarding various adaptation approaches or solutions at various scales based on latest science. Examples to be featured include ecosystem-based approaches, community based adaptation, responses to heat waves and ways to deal with shifting growing seasons in agriculture. The session will also feature practical experiences from countries in addressing issues at multiple scales.
The Gambia’s adaptation experience: Coastal protection and building resilien...NAP Events
Presented by: Alpha A. K. Jallow
8.1 Approaches / adaptation solutions (2/2)
The section will provide best practices regarding various adaptation approaches or solutions at various scales based on latest science. Examples to be featured include ecosystem-based approaches, community based adaptation, responses to heat waves and ways to deal with shifting growing seasons in agriculture. The session will also feature practical experiences from countries in addressing issues at multiple scales.
Brimo Gerard - CSR in the Heavy Footprint - Mining Industry
Asian Forum on Corporate Social Responsibility
October 18-19, 2011
EDSA Shangri-La Hotel
Manila
Factor considered for Environment Impact assessment (EIA) in legal procedure ...Himanshu Goyal
This PPT is about the factor that one need to consider for getting an EIA in mining project.This report describe all of the above factor for vedanta mining project EIA report with through analysis given in notes section. It also describe the various laws that one need to compile with in Indian Scinerio.And finally analyse the shortcoming of the procedure and the flaws in it.
The Brazzaville Declaration: Time for reflection, stock taking and renewed ac...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Johan Kieft of UN Environment / Global Peatland Initiative (GPI) at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 21 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
This report presents the results from fieldbased research on the environmental and social impacts of a shallow water marine seismic program
which took place in April and May of 2009 along the
northern coast of Mozambique.
There are seven identified prioritized abandoned mine sites: Philippine Pyrite Corporation - Bagacay, Hinabangan, Western Samar; Basay Mining Corporation - Brgy. Maglinao, Basay, Negros Oriental, Thanksgiving Mine, Benguet Exploration Inc. - Camp 6, Kennon Road, Tuba, Benguet, Black Mountain Inc. - Tuba, Benguet, Consolidated Mines, Inc. - Ino & Capayang, Mogpog, Marinduque, Palawan Quicksilver Mines - Tagburos, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Western Minolco Corp. - Atok, Benguet The Bagacay Mine in Western Samar ranks first for remediation. The Bagacay site, which was formerly worked for the recovery of pyrite/copper, is located at the border of a nature reserve. It exhibits many environmental problems, including the formation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and the related spread to nature of potential toxic metals. MGB has conducted a preliminary investigation into the environmental impacts at Bagacay Mine and developed some initial rehabilitation plans including some revegetation trials. These plans are insufficient for final closure and rehabilitation but can be identified as interim remediation measures...
This study aimed to challenge the mission of the Mines and Geosciences Bureau that Mining Shall Be Pro People and Pro Environment in Sustaining Wealth Creation and Improved Quality of Life. To assess the Maricalum Mining Corporation MMC areas, including the tailing pan, open pit, drilling and blasting, watershed, residential, and mine foot. Utilized the qualitative research design using the direct observation, documentary analysis of the reports on the mining operation, particularly the “Geohazard assessment of areas located along the Calat an River in Barangay Baclao, Cauayan and Barangay Cartagena, Sipalay City. The study revealed that the community needs to implement the cleanup activity to the abandoned mine waste to restore the ecological system of nature. Furthermore, the condition of the subject areas arrived in devising an appropriate removal and disposal plan for the destructive mining waste materials from the vast regions. The MGB utilized the fact finding results as the basis for the action taken on dangerous mining wastes. The plan was submitted to the MGB 6 and in the national office for perusal and approval. Jean Benedicto Pauyon | Engr. Jerome G. Mongcal | Leo C. Naparota | Johana J. Abdula | Rogelio A. Lovina, Jr. | Delmer A. Mondido | Allan Z. Caw-It "Mine Waste: A Social Deviance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42535.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/strategic-management/42535/mine-waste-a-social-deviance/jean-benedicto-pauyon
To Mine or Not to Mine
The Case of the Tampakan Copper-Gold Project: Mindanao, Philippines
Presented to the Department of National Defense. Conference Room , 3rd Floor, DND Building. Camp Aguinaldo.
Quezon City, Philippines
May 31, 2012
Esteban C. Godilano, Ph.D.
With contributions by Atty. Christian S. Monsod
Climate
Change
Congress of the
Philippines
Part 2 of the overview of sediment management at sites across the Great Lakes. Excellent information about the north harbour section of the Thunder Bay Area of Concern
Philippine Milestones on Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Management
Ms. Teresita Samson Castillo
Vice-Minister, Department of Environment and Natural Resources Philippines
2010 Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
3-7 May 2010
The Tampakan Copper-Gold Project and Human Rights Violations in the South Cotabato, Philippines
Summary
The Tampakan Copper-Gold Project in the Philippines threatens the environment and the livelihoods of local populations. The Bla'an indigenous peoples that occupy these ancestral territories oppose the project and are victims of multiple violations of human rights. But Glencore-Xstrata is still insisting on pursiung the project.
26th session of the Human Rights Council 2014
Item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development
Joint written statement of the Europe-Third World Centre (CETIM) and Franciscans International
UN symbol: A/HRC/26/NGO/94
Speech by Julian Payne, President, Canadian Chamber of Commerce of the Philip...No to mining in Palawan
Speech by Julian Payne, President, Canadian Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines
On “A Foreign Investor’s View on Mining in the Philippines”
At the Development Academy of the Philippines, Pasig City, on July 10, 2014
MINING
“SECTION 4. Grant of Mineral Agreements Pending New Legislation. No new mineral agreements shall be entered into until a legislation rationalizing existing revenue sharing
schemes and mechanisms shall have taken effect. The DENR may continue to grant and issue Exploration Permits under existing laws, rules and guidelines.” - Executive Order No. 79, July 6, 2012.
The report is based on a desk study and a three-week
field trip to the Philippines, where data was gathered
through qualitative interviews. Interview partners included
affected communities, company representatives, local and
national civil society organizations, as well as government
authorities. By evaluating this data we shed light on the
main human rights issues linked to the Tampakan Project.
The choice of our interview partners reflects our human
rights approach. While our interviewees have both positive
and negative attitudes towards the Tampakan Project, they
do not constitute a representative sample of the population
in the area. Instead, our goal is to make sure that we include those people who have serious concerns with regard to their human rights situation and to analyze their hopes and fears and complement this information with desk research and the views of other stakeholders and experts.
Prior to the start of stock exchange trading on 5 January 2012, Intex issued a stock exchange announcement stating that it had signed a MoU with MCC8 for the development of its nickel project in Mindoro. This agreement could grant MCC8 a “project management contract” (“PMC”) which would mean that MCC8 would take on most of the responsibility for the project finance and development of the field. As consideration for this, MCC8 and its strategic partners would have an option to purchase up to 90% of Mindoro Nickel, in a staged process, for a total of USD 296 million. Intex would retain 10% and would have an option to buy back a further 10% for up to USD 60 million following completion of the project1.
CLIMATE CHANGE CONGRESS
OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.(CCCP)
POSITION PAPER ON THE PHILEX MINING DISASTER
pp.1-6
Room 1 Bonifacio Hall, UP SOLAIR, Diliman, Quezon City
Phone no. (632) 385-5638 / Email address: climatechangecongress.org
SUMMARY STATEMENT TO THE SENATE COMMITTEES ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH, MARCH 19, 2013
By: Christian S. Monsod
Climate Change Congress of the Philippines
pp.1-5
PAB Resolution
IN THE MATTER OF
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
AND ABATEMENT CASE
DENR-PAB Case No. CAR-00836-12
- versus-
PHILEX MINING CORPORATION,
Respondent.
FOR: Violation of R.A. 9275 and Its
Implementing Rules and Regulations
25 February 2013
With an estimated $1.4 trillion in reserves, Philippine mining potential ranks
fifth in the world, covering an estimated 9 million hectares, but less than
2% has mining permits. After long stagnation, the sector has been coming
back after a 2005 SC decision affirming RA 7942, considered a world-class
legal framework for sustainable development. Minerals development is a
government priority and has great potential for jobs and revenue. Government
has identified over 60 priority PPP projects. Mining can support poor
rural areas through high quality jobs, local tax payments, and community
development. The national government receives substantial royalty and tax
payments. Government revenue from mining increased 800% from 2002 to
PhP10.4 billion in 2007. However, full development of the sector continues
to face significant challenges. Lengthy, tedious approvals for Exploration
Permits (EPs) continue to impede investment. Several LGUs have closed their
provinces to mining. Industry is concerned that the Writ of Kalikasan might
disturb lawful activities. An investor cannot tell easily if land is ancestral land.
Skilled Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) personnel often leave public
service. EO 79 has imposed a moratorium on new mining permits, pending the
passage of a new law on the revenue-sharing scheme between industry
The Fraser Institute Annual Survey of Mining
Companies was sent to approximately 4,100
exploration, development, and other mining-related
companies around the world. Several mining
publications and associations also helped publicize the
survey... The survey, conducted from October 9, 2012,
to January 6, 2013, represents responses from 742 of those
companies. The companies participating in the survey
reported exploration spending of US$6.2 billion
in 2012 and US$5.4 billion in 2011
Application For The Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) Of The Tampakan Project
O.P. Case No.12-F-159
DENR Case No. 1966
Paquito N. Ochoa, Jr
Executive Secretary
Philippines
UPDATE ON THE NICKELIFEROUS LATERITE MINERAL RESOURCES
OF MARCVENTURES MINING AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION’S
MPSA 016-93-XIII
LOCATED IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF CANTILAN AND CARRASCAL,
SURIGAO DEL SUR, PHILIPPINES
Pollution Adjudication Board fines Philex Mining over Clean Water Act ViolationsNo to mining in Palawan
Pollution Adjudication Board fines Philex Mining over Clean Water Act Violations
On Thursday, January 24, Philex disclosed to the exchange that it received a notice of issuance from the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB)to cease-and-desist from using its tailings pond at its Padcal mine in Benguet following a mine spill in August 2012.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
4. Mining Philippines 2010
Overview of the Presentation
1. Adverse Impacts of Open Pit Mining at
Mine Closure
2. The Philippine Policy on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
3. The State of the Art of Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
4. Challenges for Philippine Open Pit
Mines
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
6. Mining Philippines 2010
Adverse Impacts of Open Pit Mining at Mine Closure
“Open pit mining wreaks havoc to the
environment; not only does it deforest, it
also leaves wildlife homeless, and erodes
the soil which upland communities and
lowland farmers depend on for their
livelihoods” (HARIBON, www.indcatholicnews.com).
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
7. Mining Philippines 2010
Adverse Impacts of Open Pit Mining at Mine Closure
Onsite environmental
impacts
1. Physical – Change in
landform; pit wall
instability; creation of pit
lakes
2. Chemical – Metals;
metalloids, AMD
3. Biodiversity – Loss of
vegetation and wildlife/
aquatic habitats
4. Aesthetics
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
8. Mining Philippines 2010
Adverse Impacts of Open Pit Mining at Mine Closure
(Castendyk and Eary, 2009)
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
9. Mining Philippines 2010
Adverse Impacts of Open Pit Mining at Mine Closure
Downstream environmental impacts
1. Surface and groundwater contamination
2. Biodiversity – River corridor, coastal, and near-
coast
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
10. Mining Philippines 2010
Adverse Impacts of Open Pit Mining at Mine Closure
Social impacts
1. Resettlement
2. Livelihood impacts – agriculture and fisheries
3. Loss of cultural/recreation sites
4. Public safety and health impacts
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
11. Mining Philippines 2010
The Philippine Policy
on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
12. Mining Philippines 2010
The Philippine Policy on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
Classified as “environmentally critical”, open pit
mining projects need an ECC prior to
development. An ECC is a document issued
by the DENR after a positive review of the
project’s EIA. It certifies that, based on the
representations of the proponent and the
commitment to implement the approved
Environmental Management Plan (EMP), the
proposed project will not cause significant
environmental impacts.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
13. Mining Philippines 2010
The Philippine Policy on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
The DENR requires the inclusion of “policies
and generic procedures” on mine
decommissioning and rehabilitation in the
EMP. The detailed activities, timetable, and
costs are to be provided in the Final Mine
Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan
(FMRDP) which will be submitted after the
grant of ECC prior to project construction.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
14. Mining Philippines 2010
The Philippine Policy on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
The FMRDP Guidelines of the MGB prescribe
as one of two specific goals:
“To prevent or eliminate long-term
environmental impacts by returning mining-
disturbed land to a physically and chemically
stable, visually acceptable, productive or self-
sustaining condition, taking into consideration
the beneficial uses of the land and the
surrounding areas and as agreed with
stakeholders.”
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
15. Mining Philippines 2010
The Philippine Policy on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
“Physically stable shall mean that the mine
component does not pose a hazard to public
health and safety as a result of failure or
physical deterioration … it should not erode or
move from its intended location under the
extreme events or perpetual disruptive forces
to which it will be subjected after closure.”
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
16. Mining Philippines 2010
The Philippine Policy on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
“Chemically stable shall mean that a mine
component should not release chemicals
(contaminants) into the environment. Using
proven techniques, the production of
contaminants should be controlled at source
using a system of containment, collection, and
treatment systems in order to meet regulatory
standards. However, the use of effluent-
treatment facilities should not be considered as
rehabilitation but a temporary measure …
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
17. Mining Philippines 2010
The Philippine Policy on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
Stakeholder involvement is crucial to the
preparation of the FMRDP. This is to ensure
that their interests, concerns, and local
knowledge are considered in the Plan.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
18. Mining Philippines 2010
The Philippine Policy on Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
Once the FMRDP is approved by the MGB, its
total cost becomes the Final Mine
Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Fund.
The mining company makes annual deposits
on the Fund based on a formula such that the
full amount is accrued a year before mine
closure.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
19. Mining Philippines 2010
The State of the Art
of Open Pit Mine
Rehabilitation
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
20. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
State-of-the-art open pit mine rehabilitation
acknowledges that assuring good water quality
of pit lakes poses the greatest challenge.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
21. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
Facing up to this challenge entails three
interrelated planning tasks:
1. Evaluation of the likely water quality of pit lakes
after mine closure
2. Formulation of any long-term mitigation
program and
3. Evaluation of the lake’s social or environmental
beneficial end uses.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
22. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
Pit lake water quality is a function of
hydrologic, biogeochemical, geologic, and
limnologic processes (Castendyk and Eary,
2009).
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
23. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
(Castendyk and Eary, 2009)
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
24. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
Mitigation program (Eary and Castendyk,
2009):
1. Prefilling – Backfilling, perpetual pumping, wall-
rock covers, runoff collection, excavation of
reactive material, expansion of the littoral zone
2. During filling – Density-driven meromixis,
surface water flooding
3. Postfilling – In situ chemical treatment,
biochemical treatment, structurally imposed
meromixis, discharge management
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
25. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
(McCullough, Hunt, and Evans, 2009)
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
26. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
Examples of post-mining end uses of pit lakes
(McCullough, Hunt, and Evans, 2009):
1. Recreation and tourism
2. Wildlife conservation
3. Aquaculture
4. Irrigation
5. Potable water
6. Industrial water
7. Chemical extraction
8. Educational facility
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
27. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
Pit wall geotechnical stability after closure is
influenced by (Van Zyl, 2009):
1. Hydrogeological changes
2. Stress relief or relaxation
3. Shear strength changes of pit wall materials
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
28. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
A better understanding of the long-term
behavior of jointed rock masses after
unloading, analysis of pit walls following
closure, and analysis of the effects of large
failures on wave development and dissipation
in pit lakes are needed. Currently, not much
attention is being given to these areas (Van
Zyl, 2009).
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
29. Mining Philippines 2010
State of the Art of Open Pit Mine Rehabilitation
Major activities of open pit mine rehabilitation:
1. Removal of structures, wastes, PAF materials
2. Earthworks, recontouring, and revegetation
3. Lake filling
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
30. Mining Philippines 2010
Challenges for
Philippine Open Pit
Mines
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
31. Mining Philippines 2010
Challenges for Philippine Open Pit Mines
The burden is on open pit mines to show that
the depleted pit wall and pit lake do not
become long-term liabilities. Instead, they are
developed for social, economic, and
environmental end uses.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
32. Mining Philippines 2010
Challenges for Philippine Open Pit Mines
No less than a concerted government-industry-
consultancy-academic effort is required.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
33. Mining Philippines 2010
Challenges for Philippine Open Pit Mines
Areas of collaboration:
1. Use of predictive models to evaluate potential
impacts to water quantity and quality of pit
lakes. A range of likely outcomes can be
determined on which risk assessment and
management should be based.
2. Collection and dissemination of observations of
pit lake water quality over time from a variety of
geologic and climatic settings. The data can be
used to validate the model predictions.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines
34. Mining Philippines 2010
Challenges for Philippine Open Pit Mines
Areas of collaboration:
3. Research on the postclosure stability of open
pits and inclusion of slope stability
considerations in the FMRDP.
4. Use of community-based benefit-cost studies
for the open pit during the EIA.
bmp Rehabilitation of Open Pit Mines