The document discusses the coal mine rehabilitation process at the Ensham mine in Central Queensland. It describes how the mine progresses by removing overburden to access the coal seam and depositing the spoil behind. It also discusses the legal requirement to rehabilitate the land to its previous use, which involves replanting vegetation and monitoring the site. Images show the mine area before, during, and after rehabilitation to return it to grazing land.
MINES WASTES; WASTE-ROCK DISPOSAL (ROCK DUMPS); WASTEWATER; TAILINGS & TAILINGS COMPOSITION; Tailings Solids; Tailings liquid; Tailings waters; Sulphidic mine wastes; Acid Mine Waters; TAILINGS DISPOSAL METHODS; Dynamic Simulation of a Tailing Storage Facility (TSF); Tailings Dam Styles (or Configurations); Fundamental Constructed Elements of a Tailings Dam; Water Balance of a Tailings Dams; Disposal Methods; THICKENED DISCHARGE AND PASTE DISPOSAL; IN-PITWASTE DISPOSAL; SEEPAGE FLOW TO SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER; RIVERINE TAILINGS DISPOSAL; SUBMARINE TAILINGS DISPOSAL; Alternative Location To Tailing
As a mining project is developed from conceptual to production phases, there exist a variety of uncertainties and difficulties that affect the operation’s designs and economic value.
A notable design parameter to be taken into account is the factor of dilution.
DILUTION
Planned and Unplanned Dilution
Internal and External Dilution
Primary and Secondary Dilution
Factors of Dilution
Mine Value Diminutions Due to Dilution
ORE RECOVERY
Room and Pillar Example
Ore Dilution & Recovery in Mining
Rate of Extraction
MINES WASTES; WASTE-ROCK DISPOSAL (ROCK DUMPS); WASTEWATER; TAILINGS & TAILINGS COMPOSITION; Tailings Solids; Tailings liquid; Tailings waters; Sulphidic mine wastes; Acid Mine Waters; TAILINGS DISPOSAL METHODS; Dynamic Simulation of a Tailing Storage Facility (TSF); Tailings Dam Styles (or Configurations); Fundamental Constructed Elements of a Tailings Dam; Water Balance of a Tailings Dams; Disposal Methods; THICKENED DISCHARGE AND PASTE DISPOSAL; IN-PITWASTE DISPOSAL; SEEPAGE FLOW TO SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER; RIVERINE TAILINGS DISPOSAL; SUBMARINE TAILINGS DISPOSAL; Alternative Location To Tailing
As a mining project is developed from conceptual to production phases, there exist a variety of uncertainties and difficulties that affect the operation’s designs and economic value.
A notable design parameter to be taken into account is the factor of dilution.
DILUTION
Planned and Unplanned Dilution
Internal and External Dilution
Primary and Secondary Dilution
Factors of Dilution
Mine Value Diminutions Due to Dilution
ORE RECOVERY
Room and Pillar Example
Ore Dilution & Recovery in Mining
Rate of Extraction
This presentation reviews tailings dams and the hazardous waste contained within them. Basic design and the consequenses of design failure will also be reviewed.
This presentation describes the current scenario of mine closing in India, a comparative study with other developed countries like Australia, Canada etc. and GIS based approach for proper execution according to the existing topographical conditions. It's an unconventional approach and having broad scopes to be enhanced in future.
Open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using one or more horizontal benches.
The term open pit mining is usually used for metallic or non-metallic deposits and sparingly used for bedded deposits like coal.
What is mining?; Why do we need mines?; What is a mineral ?; What is an Ore Deposit? ; Concentrations of Metals; Metals enrichment factors ; Types of Ore Deposit ; GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF ORE DEPOSITS; Shape of ore deposits; Dip ore deposits ;Thickness ore deposits; Depth of ore deposits; Structure of ore deposits; Ore value and profitability of mining; Stability of ore rocks; Chemical and mineral characteristics of ores ; Lessening of ore deposit; Degree of breakability; Life Cycle of a Metal Resource; Mineral Supply and Demand; Conservation; Economic Impact on Mineral Supplies
Rock Mass Classification and also a brief description of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), Q valves and New Austrian Tunneling method(NATM)
A commercial pdf that includes some nice detail on 3 case studies of quarry restoration that give a breadth of post quarrying uses. Very useful for Geography GCSE rocks and landscape
Wading birds have declined across Europe as the intensification of lowland agriculture has caused severe habitat destruction and degradation. Aggregates extraction sites present areas of exposed fine sediments deposited as waste material in silt lagoons which could recreate lost wader habitat. This project explores the value of silt lagoons for wading birds by investigating sediment composition, invertebrate food availability and monitoring bird activity at Wykeham quarry.
This project won the 3rd Prize in the International Quarry Life Award in 2012 and the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2012 in the United Kingdom.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/restoration-quarry-silt-lagoons-wading-birds
This presentation reviews tailings dams and the hazardous waste contained within them. Basic design and the consequenses of design failure will also be reviewed.
This presentation describes the current scenario of mine closing in India, a comparative study with other developed countries like Australia, Canada etc. and GIS based approach for proper execution according to the existing topographical conditions. It's an unconventional approach and having broad scopes to be enhanced in future.
Open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using one or more horizontal benches.
The term open pit mining is usually used for metallic or non-metallic deposits and sparingly used for bedded deposits like coal.
What is mining?; Why do we need mines?; What is a mineral ?; What is an Ore Deposit? ; Concentrations of Metals; Metals enrichment factors ; Types of Ore Deposit ; GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF ORE DEPOSITS; Shape of ore deposits; Dip ore deposits ;Thickness ore deposits; Depth of ore deposits; Structure of ore deposits; Ore value and profitability of mining; Stability of ore rocks; Chemical and mineral characteristics of ores ; Lessening of ore deposit; Degree of breakability; Life Cycle of a Metal Resource; Mineral Supply and Demand; Conservation; Economic Impact on Mineral Supplies
Rock Mass Classification and also a brief description of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), Q valves and New Austrian Tunneling method(NATM)
A commercial pdf that includes some nice detail on 3 case studies of quarry restoration that give a breadth of post quarrying uses. Very useful for Geography GCSE rocks and landscape
Wading birds have declined across Europe as the intensification of lowland agriculture has caused severe habitat destruction and degradation. Aggregates extraction sites present areas of exposed fine sediments deposited as waste material in silt lagoons which could recreate lost wader habitat. This project explores the value of silt lagoons for wading birds by investigating sediment composition, invertebrate food availability and monitoring bird activity at Wykeham quarry.
This project won the 3rd Prize in the International Quarry Life Award in 2012 and the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2012 in the United Kingdom.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/restoration-quarry-silt-lagoons-wading-birds
Beyond preservation:the challenge of ecological restoration – can you live with ambiguity or do you want to be in charge? A practitioner turned researcher’s tale
I. MINED LANDS RECLAMATION USING LEGUME-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE TALENSI...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : This study investigated the use of leguminous plants in the reclamation of mined and degraded lands in some small scale mining areas in the Talensi and Nabdam Districts in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The treatments tested in the field experiments were: sole cropped groundnut (A), sole cropped soybean (B), sole cropped Bambara groundnut (C), groundnut intercropped with soybean (D) and groundnut intercropped with Bambara groundnut (E). Generally the experimental treatments performed poorly on the degraded lands when compared with control plots (undisturbed fields) in two seasons. However, during the second year the performance of the various treatments on the degraded land was better than that in the first year. Groundnut plus soybean was considered the best treatment because it resulted in the best improvement in soil organic carbon and total soil nitrogen. It also gave the best land equivalent ratio (LER).
Restore Ubin Mangroves (R.U.M.) Initiative pamphlet (English)Ria Tan
A community project to restore mangroves in abandoned aquaculture ponds at Pulau Ubin. Why restore mangroves? Who are involved? What will we be doing? Where will we be working?
Also, what is Ecological Mangrove Restoration (EMR)?
More details on the RUM blog http://rum-initiative.blogspot.sg/
Amazing examples of restoring health and function to damaged environments by restoring humans' mutualistic relationship with Nature as a herder and harvester.
restoring a degraded sea grass ecosystemandrew tarus
This presentation shows how to practically restore a degraded sea grass ecosystem. Fellow scientists are invited to help with additional information if they have any.
Study on conversion of sand to soil organicallySohel Rana
Study on conversion of sand to soil organically.
Through this process we can develop our poor soil surface into the healthy surface and this soil is able to produce different plants for food and others.
Needingworth Quarry is the location for an exciting wetland restoration project arising from a collaboration between Hanson and the RSPB. As gravel extraction is completed in sections of Needingworth these areas are being restored into wetland habitats, including large areas of reedbed and associated rough grassland, which has been named Ouse Fen Nature Reserve. Reedbed restoration sites, typified by Needingworth also include areas of wet or dry rough grassland, with varying degrees of management through grazing, mowing and fencing. These grasslands in themselves potentially provide a valuable habitat for biodiversity, especially given the context of the considerable intensification of agricultural and other grasslands that has taken place over recent decades.
In this project we propose to investigate the insect biodiversity of grasslands surrounding the reedbed restoration units at Needingworth/Ouse Fen. The focus of our work will be the leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha), which are common in grassland and have been found to be useful indicators of management intensity effects. In particular we are interested in how leafhoppper communities are affected by the level of grazing by cattle and how they vary with distance from the reedbeds and open water. The principal objective is to increase our knowledge of insect communities in these habitats at Needingworth/Ouse Fen and to inform management practice decisions in relation to these grasslands, which it is hoped will help to further enhance the biodiversity value of the restoration.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in the United Kingdom.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/investigation-insect-biodiversity-grasslands-surrounding-reedbed-restoration-needingworth
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
5. After rehabilitation
The purpose of rehabilitation is to return the site to an agreed land use after
mining.
This is a legal requirement of the EPA (Environmental Protection Authority).
Image courtesy of Ensham Resources
6. Open cut coal mining
„Spoil‟ is the overburden removed to reveal the coal seam. Previous spoil is piled
behind the pit. In this way, the pit advances, progressively filled with new spoil.
Rehabilitation will ultimately occur over the previous spoil behind the mine.
Direction of
advance of the pit
Image courtesy of
Ensham Resources
7. The Ensham Mine
The pit at the Ensham mine is progressing to the right in the picture.
Removal of surface overburden is in progress on the highwall side
(right) and is dumped on the spoil pile (left) to fill the pit.
Image courtesy of Ensham Resources
8. Rehabilitation
planning
An aerial view of the mine shows
the plan for rehabilitation, with the
areas to be rehabilitated in green.
Image courtesy of Ensham Resources
9. An Environmental Impact Study
(EIS) is conducted to assess the
flora and fauna that exists prior to
mining.
An Environmental Authority (EA) is
then issued with the mining lease to
regulate how the mining company is
to interact with the environment.
The rehabilitation requirements are
different for every mine.
The mine proposes a rehabilitation
plan and the government then adds
its own conditions prior to approval.
Image courtesy of Ensham Resources
10. This map highlights areas of
“Endangered”, “Of concern” and “Not
of concern” ecosystems within and
surrounding the mine site.
Image courtesy of Ensham Resources
11. This map depicts broad types of
vegetation within and surrounding
the mine site.
The EA includes the rehabilitation
requirements that must be achieved
in ground coverage and species
diversity.
Image courtesy of Ensham Resources
17. Tel: (07) 3316 2531 Fax: (07)3295 9570
www.oresomeresources.com
Rehabilitation
on North Stradbroke Island
18. What is Rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation is the process of
restoring land after mining.
CRL restores, on
average, 75 hectares of
their leases on North
Stradbroke Island each
year and has
progressively rehabilitated Stages of Rehabilitation on North
more than 4 000 hectares Stradbroke Island
of land since 1966.
19. Pre-mine Surveys
Pre-mine surveys are very important for future rehabilitation
of mine sites.
Data collected from flora
and fauna surveys can
pinpoint the presence
of rare, threatened or
endangered wildlife and
plant species in the mine
area. Significant species
which occur in the mine
path must be re-established
in the area after mining.
Plant species which do
not re-establish naturally
or from seed are grown Pre-mine survey undertaken at Yarraman in 1996.
at the plant nursery.
20. Pre-rehabilitation Planning
Environmental officers
use satellite imagery,
aerial
photography, ecological
surveys and
local knowledge to
accurately develop
complete vegetation
profiles of mine sites.
This enables environmental
officers to select the correct
seed mixes and plant
species for post mine
rehabilitation.
Amity Air Photo 1996
22. Step One – Reprofiling of Sand
Dunes are progressively
reconstructed by re-contouring the
cleaned sand to resemble as near
as practicable the original dune‟s
shape. Restoring the island‟s high
dunes, (often over 130 metres
above sea level), is a complex
engineering process.
Cyclone stackers are used to rebuild the dunes.
23. Step Two – Topsoil Spreading
Topsoil is stockpiled and
stored on a short-term basis
adjacent to the mine path.
Dump Trucks replace the
topsoil once the sand dunes
have been rebuilt. Where
possible, topsoil is removed
from in front of the mine path
(not stored to the side) and
replaced directly onto
rehabilitation areas. This
Freshly sown and stabilised topsoil on a
gives a much better and more revegetated site.
vigorous rehabilitation result.
24. Step Three – Direct Seeding
More than 30 species
of native seeds are
sown together with a
temporary crop cover
of sorghum into the
replaced topsoil.
Special fertilisers are
also added to replace
the nutrients lost in
the stored soil.
Native seeds are harvested from lease areas on the
island and propagated in the nursery.
25. Seed Harvesting
Roughly 250 kilograms of seed is harvested each year by CRL
employees. Seed harvesting occurs on the island, from lease
areas. Many different methods are used to collect and treat the
seeds, including the use of fire.
Various methods of seed collection at the CRL nursery.
26. The Nursery
Plant nursery
production has
increased from
50 000 seedlings
in 1996 to now
over145 000
plants. CRL plants
the majority of
their nursery stock
into 1 to 3 year old
rehabilitation.
The plant nursery at CRL.
27. Step Four – Application of Sand
Stabilizer
The sand stabiliser used by
CRL is a by-product created
from the petroleum industry
(essentially a biodegradable
bitumen). It is called Terolas.
Other stabilising methods
used by CRL include placing
wind fencing, using mulch
and laying brush matting
on exposed areas to control
erosion while vegetation The spraying of terrolas on topsoil.
regenerates.
28. Step Five – Nursery Stock Plantouts
Native seedlings from CRL‟s
own plant nursery are used to
supplement natural regrowth.
29. Step Six – Grass Tree Transplants
Slow growing Grasstrees
(Xanthorrhoea johnsonii) are
transplanted into the established
rehabilitation areas. Each year up
to ten mature trees are planted per
hectare in addition to 25,000 seeds
per hectare.
CRL Grasstree nursery on North Stradbroke Island
30. Step Seven – Maintenance
Log piles, bird perches and nesting boxes are installed to
encourage fauna to return to the rehabilitated areas.
Logs and bird roosts on Ibis Rehabilitation Squirrel Glider
31. Step Eight - Monitoring
Post mining surveys monitor the
development and quality of the
rehabilitation. These surveys provide
valuable data on landform similarity,
water quality and level, erosion,
vegetation development and fauna
recolonisation.
34. Annual Environmental Reports
Each year, CRL publishes an Environmental Report
that provides an overview on environmental management
and rehabilitation of mine sites.
Click here for the latest CRL Environmental Report