This presentation discusses open pit and underground mining methods. Open pit mining involves extracting rock and minerals from the surface, has advantages like safety and equipment simplicity but requires large land areas and leaves noise and dust pollution. Underground mining uses tunneling techniques, allows deeper extraction while limiting environmental impact but is more complex, dangerous and inefficient. The Khalashpir coal field in Bangladesh is described as having 8 coal seams up to 16.9 meters thick, with proven reserves of 685 million tons, and is planned to use longwall mining given seam thickness.
Room and Pillar mining method is one of the oldest existing mining methods. This system in which the mined material is extracted across a horizontal plane, creating horizontal arrays of rooms and pillars. Usually those room and pillars are uniform size. Pillars may or may not be removed after extraction.
Used for soft as well as hard rock mining and is commonly associated with coal, potash, uranium, and other industrial materials.
Longwall; Longwall in coal; Longwall in Hard Rock; Sublevel Caving; Characteristics of the ore body and mining method; Development; Production; Equipments Used; Block Caving, Introduction, Historical evolution of the method, Condition deposit; Principles of the method; Methodology of block caving; Basic issues of geomechanical to the black caving method; Caveability;Mine design Block caving; Fragmentation and extraction control; Subsidence associated; Advantages and Disadvantages of Block Caving
Room and Pillar mining method is one of the oldest existing mining methods. This system in which the mined material is extracted across a horizontal plane, creating horizontal arrays of rooms and pillars. Usually those room and pillars are uniform size. Pillars may or may not be removed after extraction.
Used for soft as well as hard rock mining and is commonly associated with coal, potash, uranium, and other industrial materials.
Longwall; Longwall in coal; Longwall in Hard Rock; Sublevel Caving; Characteristics of the ore body and mining method; Development; Production; Equipments Used; Block Caving, Introduction, Historical evolution of the method, Condition deposit; Principles of the method; Methodology of block caving; Basic issues of geomechanical to the black caving method; Caveability;Mine design Block caving; Fragmentation and extraction control; Subsidence associated; Advantages and Disadvantages of Block Caving
Seminar presentation based on technologies and advancements in the oil and gas field. Oil and Gas industry is one of the core fields of chemical engineering studies.
Open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using one or more horizontal benches.
The term open pit mining is usually used for metallic or non-metallic deposits and sparingly used for bedded deposits like coal.
Jamalganj Coal field is the largest underground coal deposit placed in Jaypurhat district. I tried to include some information about the coal field. I made the slide for my course presentation purpose.
Criteria for selection of Board and pillar for multiple seamsAsim kumar Satapathy
So the main purpose of this project is to focus on the selection criteria of Bord and Pillar workings without compromising the safety factor in multiple seam.
When coal exposes to air it undergoes Oxidation which gives out various gases such as carbon monoxide, methane etc. along with the evaluation of heat. the reaction takes place even at normal atmospheric temperature but when the temperature and the heat evolved reached ignition temperature of coal, coal catches fire.
A short description of Highwall Mining and its performance and application. The details of the equipments and the mining procedure are mentioned. Hope it will help you guys!
Crude oil that is constituent by light and intermediate hydrocarbons such as paraffin, naphthenic, wax, aromatics and heavy organic components is defined as waxy crude oil. The waxy crude oil also contained low amount of asphaltenes, resins and organo-metallics(Chin, 2001). The most components of wax are paraffin which is C18-C36 and naphthenic which is C30-C60. Based on Hyne, all crude oils contain paraffin molecules and it is considered as waxes if the paraffin molecules are 18 carbon atoms or longer in length. The wax could be existed in various states which are gas, liquid and solid depending on the temperature and pressure. According to Chin, the formation of paraffin wax is referred as macrocrystalline wax meanwhile naphthenic is defined as microcrystalline wax.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. Content
• Open pit mining
• Advantages & disadvantages of open pit mining
• Underground mining
• Advantages & disadvantages of underground mining
• Khalashpir Coal Mine
3. Open Pit Mining
What is Open Pit Mining method?
Open pit mining is a surface mining technique
of extracting rock or minerals from the earth.
4. Advantages Of Open Pit Mining
Minimum development work need prior to coal production.
Greater safety no danger of explosion or fire. However danger include
landslides on excavation or spoil pile.
Fewer and more simple machinery need for coal production.
Almost all in situ coal may be recovered.
5. Disadvantages Of Open Pit Mining
Large area of land temporarily lost for mining further area needed
for overburden emplacement.
Noise and coal dust pollution in and around mining area.
Need to excavate large volume of overburden to extract coal.
Mining is affected by rigorous climate condition like heavy rain or
snow.
Maximum depth of mining limited by cost of overburdened.
6. Underground Mining
What is Underground Mining method?
Underground mining refers to various
underground mining techniques used to
excavate minerals & rocks.
7. Advantages of Underground Mining
• It allows minerals to be extracted from deep underground
• It doesn't create a mess like open cut or surface mining
• Does not affect the physical environment as much as surface
mining
• It enables the land above the zone of mining to be reclaimed for
other uses
• If it is accessed by horizontal adits, it can mine until the lowest
adit upwards.
• The development and mining can continue so long as economic
exploitation is possible.
8. Disadvantages Of Underground Mining
• Untreated mine water discharge may pollute environment.
• Methane gas explosion, spontaneous combustion root, collapse ,water
flooding pose danger to mine personnel.
• More complex mechanics are required for coal production.
• Need major development work i.e. shaft sinking, tunnel building etc.
• Subsidence at the surface may occur if backfilling is not done.
• Pillars often contain valuable ore that has to be left in situ for safety
measures
• Mining in an underground environment is often inefficient with
economically valuable material inevitably, occasionally, being left in
the stope roof / floor or side walls
9. Comparison between Open pit & Underground Mining
Open Pit Mining Underground Mining
Minimum development work need prior to coal
production.
Need major development work i.e. shaft
sinking, tunnel building etc.
Need to excavate large volume of overburden to
extract coal.
Most excavations apart from entry and tunnel
are made in saleable coal.
Large area of land temporarily lost for mining
further area needed for overburden emplacement.
Only the area around pit-top is visibly disturbed
.Subsidence at the surface will occur if
backfilling is not done.
Noise and coal dust pollution in and around mining
area.
Untreated mine water discharge may pollute
environment.
Greater safety no danger of explosion or fire.
However danger include landslides on excavation or
spoil pile.
Methane gas explosion, spontaneous combustion
root, collapse ,water flooding pose danger to
mine personnel.
Mining is affected by rigorous climate condition like
heavy rain or snow.
Climate do not affect the mining.
Maximum depth of mining limited by cost of
overburdened
Can work coal to grater depth overburden to
coal ratio not critical.
Fewer and more simple machinery need for coal
production.
More complex mechanics are required for coal
production.
Almost all in situ coal may be recovered Less than 60% of the in situ coal commonly
recovered
10. Khalashpir Coal Field
• Khalaspir coalfield is located in pirganj
upazilla of Rangpur district, about 13 km
west of pirganj town. The coal field is
about 35 km to the southeast of
barapukuria coal field.
• It was discovered in 1989 by geological
survey of Bangladesh. The coalfield was
delineated and defined on the basis of the
four drill holes done during 1989-90.
• The coal was encountered at depths
ranging from 257-482 meter below the
surface.
11. Coal Quality
• Khalashpir coal is low sulfur high volatile bituminous to low volatile
bituminous type.
• The sulfur content of the coal range from 0.24 to 3.15% with average
of 0.77% .ash content 7.66 to 50.51% averaging 21.08%, volatile
matter from 2.93 to 30.47 averaging 22.86%.Fixed carbon 32.0 to
80.81%. Moisture content .36-5.99%.
12. Thickness of Coal Seam in Khalashpir
Coal
zone
Area
Average
thickness
(m)
Total
probable
reserve
(million ton)
proved probable
I
2.52
sq. km
12.26
sq. km
16.9
685
II 9.9
III 1.2
IV 6.9
V 2.7
VI 2.6
VII 1.6
VIII 1.3
• The more thickness seam is
I, II and IV. And less coal
seam is III, VIII .
• Khalashpir coal field have 8
(VIII) coal seam
• The proved area is 2.52 sq.
km and probable 12.26 sq.
km and probable reserve is
685 million ton.
13. Mining System In KHALASHPIR
• In that field, coal seams I, II and IV are thickest, thus mining activity has to
be proceeded from, in consequence, I to IV. Over and above that a pre-
requisite option for choosing the appropriate underground mining method is
the thickness of coal seam. Indeed, more than 2m to less than 50m ranged
coal is susceptible for longwall multi-slice mining method, on the other side
room and pillar method requires more than 50m. In khalashpir coal field,
the shallower depth of coal seam is 215.14m thus inclined shaft with an
inclination of roughly 600 has recommended to rendering the proposed
mining activity additionally in perspective of stripping ratio, top coal caving
and backfilling are mandatory to accomplish.
14. References
• M. Badrul Imam Sir, Energy Resources of Bangladesh .
• Wikipedia/khalashpir coal field.
• http://www.academia.edu/khalashpir coal field.
• M.B. Imam, mineral resources of bangladesh. Dhaka, bangladesh:
university press ltd., 1997, 169pp (in bengali).
• http;//www. Advantages and disadvantages of open pit mining
and under ground mining .