Room and Pillar mining method is one of the oldest existing mining methods. This system in which the mined material is extracted across a horizontal plane, creating horizontal arrays of rooms and pillars. Usually those room and pillars are uniform size. Pillars may or may not be removed after extraction.
Used for soft as well as hard rock mining and is commonly associated with coal, potash, uranium, and other industrial materials.
Definition of Open pit Mining Parameters, Open pit Mining method, Bench, Open Pit Bench Terminology; Bench height; Cutoff grade; Open Pit Stability, Pit slope, Pit wall stability, Rock strength, Pit Depth, Pit diameter, Water Damage, Strip Ratio, Open-pit mining sequence, Various open-pit and orebody configurations; Ultimate Pit Definition, Manual Design, Computer Methods, Lerchs-Grossman method, Floating cone method; Open pit Optimization, The management of pit optimization, A simple example; The effects of scheduling on the optimal outline ; Optimum production scheduling; Materials handling Ex-Mine; Waste disposal; Dump design; Stability of mine waste dumps; Mine reclamation; Example of Open Pit Mining Methods
Practical importance of the Room and pillars method; Different applications of the R & P method; R & P in hard rocks; Conditions of deposit for application of R & P in hard rock; R & P equipment in hard-rock; R & P in soft rocks; Conditions of deposit for application of R & P in soft rock; Characteristics of R & P method in non-coal applications; R & P classic;Step mining; Post-pillar mining; Configuring the R & P method in coal; Main design parameters of R & P in coal; dimensions of the galleries; dimensions of the pillars; Mining with or without recovery of pillars; number of front panel; Advantages and Disadvantages; Screws Ceiling; Design of pillars in coal mine
Longwall; Longwall in coal; Longwall in Hard Rock; Sublevel Caving; Characteristics of the ore body and mining method; Development; Production; Equipments Used; Block Caving, Introduction, Historical evolution of the method, Condition deposit; Principles of the method; Methodology of block caving; Basic issues of geomechanical to the black caving method; Caveability;Mine design Block caving; Fragmentation and extraction control; Subsidence associated; Advantages and Disadvantages of Block Caving
What is mining?; Why do we need mines?; What is a mineral ?; What is an Ore Deposit? ; Concentrations of Metals; Metals enrichment factors ; Types of Ore Deposit ; GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF ORE DEPOSITS; Shape of ore deposits; Dip ore deposits ;Thickness ore deposits; Depth of ore deposits; Structure of ore deposits; Ore value and profitability of mining; Stability of ore rocks; Chemical and mineral characteristics of ores ; Lessening of ore deposit; Degree of breakability; Life Cycle of a Metal Resource; Mineral Supply and Demand; Conservation; Economic Impact on Mineral Supplies
Open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using one or more horizontal benches.
The term open pit mining is usually used for metallic or non-metallic deposits and sparingly used for bedded deposits like coal.
Room and Pillar mining method is one of the oldest existing mining methods. This system in which the mined material is extracted across a horizontal plane, creating horizontal arrays of rooms and pillars. Usually those room and pillars are uniform size. Pillars may or may not be removed after extraction.
Used for soft as well as hard rock mining and is commonly associated with coal, potash, uranium, and other industrial materials.
Definition of Open pit Mining Parameters, Open pit Mining method, Bench, Open Pit Bench Terminology; Bench height; Cutoff grade; Open Pit Stability, Pit slope, Pit wall stability, Rock strength, Pit Depth, Pit diameter, Water Damage, Strip Ratio, Open-pit mining sequence, Various open-pit and orebody configurations; Ultimate Pit Definition, Manual Design, Computer Methods, Lerchs-Grossman method, Floating cone method; Open pit Optimization, The management of pit optimization, A simple example; The effects of scheduling on the optimal outline ; Optimum production scheduling; Materials handling Ex-Mine; Waste disposal; Dump design; Stability of mine waste dumps; Mine reclamation; Example of Open Pit Mining Methods
Practical importance of the Room and pillars method; Different applications of the R & P method; R & P in hard rocks; Conditions of deposit for application of R & P in hard rock; R & P equipment in hard-rock; R & P in soft rocks; Conditions of deposit for application of R & P in soft rock; Characteristics of R & P method in non-coal applications; R & P classic;Step mining; Post-pillar mining; Configuring the R & P method in coal; Main design parameters of R & P in coal; dimensions of the galleries; dimensions of the pillars; Mining with or without recovery of pillars; number of front panel; Advantages and Disadvantages; Screws Ceiling; Design of pillars in coal mine
Longwall; Longwall in coal; Longwall in Hard Rock; Sublevel Caving; Characteristics of the ore body and mining method; Development; Production; Equipments Used; Block Caving, Introduction, Historical evolution of the method, Condition deposit; Principles of the method; Methodology of block caving; Basic issues of geomechanical to the black caving method; Caveability;Mine design Block caving; Fragmentation and extraction control; Subsidence associated; Advantages and Disadvantages of Block Caving
What is mining?; Why do we need mines?; What is a mineral ?; What is an Ore Deposit? ; Concentrations of Metals; Metals enrichment factors ; Types of Ore Deposit ; GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF ORE DEPOSITS; Shape of ore deposits; Dip ore deposits ;Thickness ore deposits; Depth of ore deposits; Structure of ore deposits; Ore value and profitability of mining; Stability of ore rocks; Chemical and mineral characteristics of ores ; Lessening of ore deposit; Degree of breakability; Life Cycle of a Metal Resource; Mineral Supply and Demand; Conservation; Economic Impact on Mineral Supplies
Open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using one or more horizontal benches.
The term open pit mining is usually used for metallic or non-metallic deposits and sparingly used for bedded deposits like coal.
Characteristics of mining industry in the context of poor and emerging countr...Belkacem Touahri
we present the characteritics of extractive mining industry in the context of poor and emerging countries what is especially valid for African countries
The Strategic Analysis Report of the World Portfolio of Copper Projects, corresponding to the 2nd semester of 2017, is available for sale.
The Report also includes the delivery of a database and analysis of all the technical-economic indicators, risks / impacts, positioning (quartiles) of the projects, probability of execution, among other relevant aspects.
This is a free copy (presentation) of a draft in process.
Do you know?
Mining Feasibility & Financial Analysis Techniques for Mining Projects
For registration & enquiries contact us on: info@marcepinc.com or call us on: 022- 30210100
DAY ONE
I - Basics of Geology and Mineral Deposits: Covering different aspects of geology in relation to mining
II - Exploration and Assessment of a Mineral Resource: Methods and techniques of surface and subsurface exploration
and testing; Technical analysis of the exploration data in the backdrop of geological setting, detailed geology, structure and
mineralization, ore body definition with details of the mineral target zones for mining, estimation of resource, reserve and grade and
use of geostatistics and software
III - Mining Regulations: In India and the emerging scenario in the wake the new National Mineral Policy and the amendments to
the relevant Rules; Reporting standards/ codes in different countries in general and the UNFC code followed in India in particular;
An insight in to the best practices on evaluation and reporting with an international flavor
IV A - Mining and Mineral Processing: Methods of mining, planning and mine design, year wise production scheduling, mine
development, mining operations; Geotechnical and geohydrological aspects; Disaster management; Waste management
IV B - Mineral processing/ metallurgy: Mineral processing methods and techniques to recover the metals/ minerals from the
ROM of ores/ minerals including flow sheet development and a glimpse of economics of recovery of mineral/ ore recovery
1st Session (Pre- lunch)
2nd Session (Post- lunch)
India has vast minerals potential with mining leases granted for longer durations of 50 years
The demand of various metals and minerals will grow substantially over the next 15 years.
The Power and Cement industries also aid growth in the metal and mining sector.
India’s strategic location enables convenient exports.
India’s per capital steel consumption is four time lower than the global average.
India has the world’s 8th largest reserve base of bauxite and 6th largest base of iron ore, accounting for
about 5% and 8% respectively of total world production.
India is 4th largest iron ore producer in the world and 5th largest bauxite ore producer in the world
create a vision of the Mine of the Future, identify the most strategic problems that need to be solved in present mining operations to become world class in production and on a level with worldclass manufacturers in other sectors,improved methods for resource characterization; The Mine of the Future covers the value chain from mineral economy to waste management
This is the Report about Barapukuria Coal Mine, Maddhapara Granite Mine Company Limited and Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy, BCSIR, Joypurhat. So if you need to you will read it. I think it will be support for your education purpose. Thank you.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
4. Mine Development
•Process of constructing a mining facility.
•Infrastructure to support the facility.
•Major purposes: Providing access, Permitting
entry, Ventilation, Transportation, Waste
disposal.
•Limited to: Excavation of openings,
Equipment installation and construction
requiring initial exploitation.
5. Factors in Mine Development
Factors
Locational
Natural and
Geologic
Social-
Economic-
Political-
Environmental
6. Locational Factors
Ease of transport
Availability of services
Operational and Psychological impcats
Employees’ satisfaction
7. Natural and Geologic Factors
Topography
Spatial relations
Geologic considerations
Rock mechanics properties
Chemical and metallurgical properties
9. Sequence of Development
Adoption of Feasibility report.
Confirmation of Mining method.
Finance arrangement.
Land and Mineral acquisition.
Documentation of environmental impact
statements.
Provision of access, transportation, communication
and power supply.
10. Sequence of Development
Planning and Construction of surface plant.
Erection of Mineral processing plant.
Mining equipment acquisition.
Main openings construction.
Underground facilities construction.
Requirement and training.
12. Environmental Protection
Regulations requires adopting modern technology.
Environmental protection must be planned before
excavation.
Mining permits are withheld, until environmental
laws are obeyed.
Three major acts:
1. The National Environmental Policy
act(NEPA)
2. Environmental Impact Statement(EIS)
3. Environmental Assessment(EA)
14. Financing and Implementation
Implemented
according to a crafted
schedule
Mine Plant
CPM method to
achieve development
in shortest possible
time
Such schedule is
required to acquiring
financial support
15. Taxation
Taxation is a system by which a
government takes money from people
based on their property and earning to use
for government purposes.
Mineral property taxation is unique ,
variable and complex.
There are different types of taxes these
significantly affect income(depletion rates
affects tax , as mineral value varies from
5% to 22% for variation of mineral ).
16. Cost estimation
Cost estimation is the approximation of the cost of a
program, project or operation.
Bureau of Mine Staff has provided us with the
knowledge of cost estimation.
Along that, SME Mining Engineering Handbook
provides primarily metal mining information and coal &
secondarily metal mining data.
17. Cost estimation
The mine budget is the sum of all cost that are used in
mine.
In mine operation a capital investment goes on
development of mine.
As a result it’s of acute need to secure enough capital to
open a mine and to initiate revenue from deposit.
19. Exploitation :
Exploitation is the work of recovering mineral from
earth in economic amounts and delivering it to shipping
or processing facilities.
A chief activity of this stage is production. Production
process includes production cycle and support
operations.
Exploitation is the brief of first three and the fifth stage
of a mine.
General strategy
20. Exploitation :
Strategy of exploitation stage are –
Selection of mining methods matching unique
characteristics.
Safety requirements
Mineral processing
Environment
Reducing mining cost
Combination of mining , processing and
requirements of land.
General strategy
21. Exploitation:
Factors in selection: In selection of mining method there
are many quantitative and qualitative that must be evaluated.
The following are considered:
Spatial characteristics of the deposit: size , shape, attitude,
depth etc.
Geologic and hydrologic conditions: chemical
composition, mineralogy, petrology etc.
Geotechnical properties: rock mass rating, elastic-plastic
properties etc.
Mining Method
22. Exploitation:
Economic considerations: reserve, production rate,
mine life etc.
Technological factors: recovery, dilution, flexibility
etc.
Environmental concerns: workforce, atmosphere
control etc.
23. Guidelines and Procedure
Mining method is carried in three levels . These are-
I. Conceptual study
II. Engineering study
III. Detailed design study
27. Mining costs
Overall Mining cost is the sum of two ,either total unit basis as
follow:
Overall mining cost = Direct cost+ Indirect cost
Sum of all costs associate with the prospecting, exploration,
development, exploitation and reclamation is called direct
mining cost.
The indirect cost includes the allowance.
28. Mining costs
Summing the five stages in mine life assuming in 20years
mine life for stage four we obtain data like the following
on-
29. Mining costs
While calculating cost of mine we find that,
1. Labour intensive method increase the absolute
cost on the contrary mechanized and automated
method decrease the absolute cost.
2. Geological condition, ground condition in
production, physical dimensions of deposit affects
the absolute costs.
30. Conclusion
In order to become well acquainted with various
mining method these following things should keep in
practice-
I. Sketch each method
II. Describe how is to developed and operated
III. Summarize its distinctive conditions and features.
At conclusion, assembling the assigned methods ,a
lasting well-engineered summary record is
produced for future .