This document discusses various abnormalities seen in red blood cells and their clinical significance. It describes 22 different types of red blood cell abnormalities including microcytes, macrocytes, hypochromia, spherocytes, target cells, stomatocytes, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, sickle cells, ovalocytes, elliptocytes, acanthocytes, burr cells, basophilic stippling, siderocytes, Howell-Jolly bodies, Cabot rings, schistocytes, crescent bodies, crenated cells, and Heinz bodies. Each abnormality is defined by characteristics such as shape, size, staining properties, and clinical conditions they are associated with.

1. RBC ABNORMALITY
Ms Ankita R Bhatiya
Assistant Professor
Shree P.M.Patel COLLEGE OF PARAMEDICAL
SCIENCE N TECHNOLOGY

2. RBC ABNORMALITY
Abnormalities in RBC Their Clinical Significance :
1.Normal red blood cells
a)Round cells & They have a small area of central
pollar
b)Only slight variation in size

3. RBC ABNORMALITY
2. Microcytes
a) Decrease in the size
b)Associated with iron deficiency

4. RBC ABNORMALITY
3) Macrocytes
a) Increase in the size
b) Associated with Megaloblastic anaemia

5. RBC ABNORMALITY
4. Hypochromia
a) Red cells with a large area of central pallor part
b) Iron deficiency

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5. Spherocytes(Hyperchromia):
a) Cells are not biconcave
b) No central area of pallor part
c) Smaller surface area for the cell size.
d) Inherited disorder or in autoimmune haemolytic
anaemia

7. RBC ABNORMALITY
6. Target Cells
a) These cells have a centrally stained area
b) Thalassaemia, iron deficiency

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7. Stomatocytes:
These cells show an oval or rectangular area of central
pallor

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8. Anisocytosis
a) A variation in the site of the red blood cells is
observed
b) Blood disorder

10. RBC ABNORMALITY
9. Poikilocytosis
a) A variation in the shape of red blood cell is observed
b) Blood disorder

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10. Sickle cells
a) Red cells in the shape of a sickle or crescent
b) They come to a point at one end

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11. Ovalocytes:
Oval shaped red cells

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12. Elliptocytes:
More oval than Ovalocytes (Cigar shaped)

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13. Acanthocytes
a) Red cells with sharp, irregular, thorn like projections
on the outer edge
b) Associated with abnormal phospholipids metabolism

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14. Burr cells
a) Red blood cells with pointed projections on their
outer edge
b) Occur as an artefact or uraemia & some other
conditions

16. RBC ABNORMALITY
15. Basophilic stippling
a) Presence of fine or coarse purple staining granules
in the red cells
b) Thalassaemia, lead poisoning, infections & blood
disorder

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16. Siderocytes (pappenheimer bodies)
a) Purple coloured granules of iron in led cell
b) Haemolytic anaemia after Splenectomy

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17.Howell-Jolly body
a) Round purple staining nuclear fragments in the red
blood cell h) Seen in Post-splenectomy patients &
also appear in haemolytic & megaloblastic
anaemia

19. RBC ABNORMALITY
18. Cabot ring
a) Purple staining, thread like filaments in the shape of
a ring in red cell
b) Haemolytic & megaloblastic anaemia

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19. Schistocytes
a) Red blood cell fragments
b) Intravascular haemolysis & disseminated
intravascular coagulation

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20. Crescent bodies
Ruptured red cells in the shape of a quarter moon

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21. Creneted cells
a) Red cells having irregular outer edges.
b) This is often due to faulty drying of blood smears

23. RBC ABNORMALITY
22. Heinz bodies
It is found in patients with glucose-6-phosphate
deficiency and the patient is prone to drug induced
anaemia or chemical poisoning