Abnormalities in WBC & Their clinical significance
Most of the abnormalities in white cells are seen in neutrophils, only the most common ones have been discussed here.
this is a series of notes on general pathology, useful for undergraduate and post graduate pathology students. Notes have been prepared from standard textbooks and are in a format easy to reproduce in exams.
Atlas on bethesda system for reporting cervical cytologyAshish Jawarkar
This is an atlas with more nearly 100 images, authentic taken from NCI web atlas. Useful to understand and report pap smears. The subject has been presented in a way which will help students reproduce in exams.
Effective management of most communicable diseases involves not only a clinical response but also a public health response. This book seeks to increase the knowledge and training of clinicians and public health practitioners have of each other's work by presenting both sides of the same case. Each chapter addresses both areas: a clinician examines a patient and determines a diagnosis and treatment; and a public health officer responds to the notification of the infection.
General discription about E coli.. Classification scheme of E coli. Pathogenecity of E coli. Pathological characters of E coli. slide contains animations and may not support in mobile.. Use laptop for full view
: Hemostasis is a complex process which causes the bleeding process to stop.
It refers to the process of keeping blood within a damaged blood vessel.
The endothelial cells of intact blood vessels prevent blood coagulation
this is a series of notes on general pathology, useful for undergraduate and post graduate pathology students. Notes have been prepared from standard textbooks and are in a format easy to reproduce in exams.
Atlas on bethesda system for reporting cervical cytologyAshish Jawarkar
This is an atlas with more nearly 100 images, authentic taken from NCI web atlas. Useful to understand and report pap smears. The subject has been presented in a way which will help students reproduce in exams.
Effective management of most communicable diseases involves not only a clinical response but also a public health response. This book seeks to increase the knowledge and training of clinicians and public health practitioners have of each other's work by presenting both sides of the same case. Each chapter addresses both areas: a clinician examines a patient and determines a diagnosis and treatment; and a public health officer responds to the notification of the infection.
General discription about E coli.. Classification scheme of E coli. Pathogenecity of E coli. Pathological characters of E coli. slide contains animations and may not support in mobile.. Use laptop for full view
: Hemostasis is a complex process which causes the bleeding process to stop.
It refers to the process of keeping blood within a damaged blood vessel.
The endothelial cells of intact blood vessels prevent blood coagulation
It is fluid which is present in
the abdominal cavity.
The peritoneal cavity is a potential
space lined by mesothelium of the
visceral n parietal peritoneum.
It is fluid which is present
in the pericardial cavity of
heart b/w parietal pericardium n visceral pericardium.
The pericardial cavity is a
potential space lined by
mesothelium of the visceral n parietal pericardium.
It is fluid which is present in the pleural cavity of
lungs b/w parietal pleura n visceral pleura.
The pleural cavity is a potential space lined by
mesothelium of the visceral n parietal pleura.
Semen is a “ thick, viscous, creamy, slightly yellowish or grayish” substance made up of spermatozoa — commonly known as sperm — and a fluid called seminal plasma, secret from the male reproductive organs.
The function of seminal plasma are:
To provide motility to sperm
To provide nutrition to spermatozoa
Stool/feces is the end product of digestive system of the body. Following digestion and absorption of the essential food ingredients in the stomach and intestine, the undigested food and unabsorbed secretions of stomach, liver, pancreas and intestine appear in stool.
The microscopic elements present in urine are collected into the form of deposit by centrifugation. A small drop of sediment is examined by making a cover slip preparation under microscope
Urine is a waste product that is produced by the kidneys in their process of cleaning the blood and is made up of water and dissolved waste products.
The waste products are substances that the body does not need and that can be harmful to our organs if accumulated in the body.
An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
An immature red blood cell without a nucleus, having a granular or reticulated appearance when suitably stained.
Reticulocytes are the immature RBC that contain nucleus.
They are originally seen at the site of their formation i.e. bone marrow. They take 2-3 (lays for maturation only about 1-2% of circulating RBCs are Reticulocytes.
Differential count is the % distribution of various white cells in the peripheral blood. It is determined from a blood smear stained with a polychromatic stain & alters examination of the stained smear by using oil-immersion objective. The stained blood smear also helps to study abnormal morphology of leucocytes & red cells. Study of blood smear helps in the diagnosis of various anaemia's, leukaemia & detection of blood parasites.
ESR IS ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMATATION RATE.When anticoag ulated blood is allowed to stand in an undisturbed condition for a period of time the erythrocyte tends to sink to the bottom. Two layers are formed, the upper plasma layer & lower one of red cells. The rate at which the red cells fall is known as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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1. WBC ABNORMALITY
Ms Ankita R Bhatiya
Assistant Professor
Shree P.M.Patel COLLEGE OF
PARAMEDICAL SCIENCE N TECHNOLOGY
2. WBC ABNORMALITY
Abnormalities in WBC & Their clinical
significance
Most of the abnormalities in white cells are
seen in neutrophils, only the most common
ones have been discussed here.
3. WBC ABNORMALITY
1. Toxic granulation
a) Neutrophils contain prominent granules
b) It may be due to severe bacterial
infection and also in some hereditary
disorders
4. WBC ABNORMALITY
2. Vacuoles
a) Occurrence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm
and nucleus
b) It is observed in conditions such as
severe infections, burns, chemical
poisoning and in malignancy
5. WBC ABNORMALITY
3. Dohle bodies
a) Appearance of small round or oval light
blue stained bodies in the cytoplasm
b) Appear in severe infections, burns and on
exposure to toxic agent
6. WBC ABNORMALITY
4. Hyper segmentation
a) In segmented Neutrophils more than 4
lobes are seen
b) May be due to inherited disorder. Also
seen in macrocytic anaemias
7. WBC ABNORMALITY
5. Hypo segmentation
a)Failure of normal lobe development (Less
than 3).
b) It occurs in acute myelocytic Leukaemia,
severe infections, toxic states and in
hereditary disorders
8. WBC ABNORMALITY
6.Auer bodies:
a)Needle like red-purple cytoplasmic
inclusions
b) Found in myeloblasts with Roimanowsky
stains, in case of acute myelogenous
leukaemia
9. WBC ABNORMALITY
7.Smudge cells
a) Basket like cells with no cellular wall.
These are degenerated lymphocytes
Presence of few smudge cells is probably
due to faulty technique and it is considered
normal. However, appearance of large
nullifier is associated with chronic
lymphocytic leukaemia.