This document describes an automatic railway gate crossing and track switching system using a microcontroller. It aims to improve safety by preventing collisions through anti-collision techniques and automatic control. Sensors are used to detect train positions and speeds in order to calculate the timing of automatic gate closure and track switching. The system is designed to avoid both head-on and rear-end collisions through predictive position sensing and switching trains to alternate tracks when collisions are detected.

1. Automatic Railway Gate Crossing
Control,
&
track switching using
Microcontroller

2. ABSTRACT

3.  This paper is aimed at controlling the railway
tracks by using anti-collision techniques,
automatic track switching and automatic gate
control.
 This model is designed by using 8051
microcontroller to make better safety towards
the railway accidents.
 Most of the railway accidents are mainly due to
the careless manual control and level-crossing
road users.

4. INTRODUCTION

5.  Railway is serving millions of passengers and
carrying tones of goods every day.
 Railways provide a better than other modes of
transport by being energy efficient.
 It contributes a lot in our economy.
 Therefore, it is necessary for the management
to make the train journey safe & reliable.

6. ACCIDENT AT NAGPUR,2002.
(Head on collision)
 The manual signaling and operating
sometimes may cause mistakes
which result severe train accident
with a huge number of casualties as
well as colossal financial losses.
 In our research, the soul idea was to
design a system to avoid the head
on collisions of trains due to either
disoperation or maliciousness.
 The system will work automatically
send the information to the
microcontroller which controls the
entire operation.
 By analyzing cost, efficiency,
reliability the system is found better
than the existing system.

7. SENSING UNIT

8. This plays a key role in our project.

9. ANTI-COLLISION TECHNIQUES
by position prediction method

10.  Types: Head-on-collision and Rear-end collision.
 To avoid the collision of trains, the position and
direction of the train is need to be sensed.
 Here, switching the train to another track is
made to avoids the collision.
 This is made possible by the technique called
AUTO TRACK SWITCHING TECHNIQUE.

11. AUTOMATIC TRACK SWITCHING

12.  This technique is enabled whenever the previously declared
situation happens.
 It is a simple technique where a signal produced by the
microcontroller runs a motor which switches the track to the other
track.
 In most of the cases not only the position of the train but also the
speed of the train is also need to be taken into the account.
 Because the train may collide with each other before it get
switched.
 Here, the speed of the train also needed from the sensing unit is
used.

13. AUTO GATE CONTROLLER
&
ALARM INDICATION

14.  As the speed of the train is calculated. The gate can be
closed only for the required time.
 SPEED=DISTANCE/TIME
 Distance is the distance gap of two sensors and time is
the counter time which is measured at sensing unit.
 As the speed of the train is measured the time required
by the train to cross the gate can be calculated.
 Here, the gate is closed and the indication light in ON
for the time slightly greater than the calculated time to
make sure the train has passed.

15. What should be the distance
b/w the sensor placed?

16. Some conditions in placing the sensors.

17. HARDWARES REQUIRED
 8051 Micro-controller
 DC motor (Nos.) 4
 IR sensors (Nos.) 4
 Indication lights ( red ,green )

18. THANK YOU!