This document describes an automatic room light controller project using IR sensors that was completed by students at SITAMARHI Institute of Technology. The system uses IR sensors to detect movement and an Arduino board to control relays that turn lights on and off. It increments a counter when movement is detected to enter the room, and decrements when movement is detected to exit. The counter value is displayed on an LCD to show the number of people in the room. When the count reaches zero, the lights are automatically turned off to save energy.

1. SITAMARHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SITAMARHI
MINOR PROJECT
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER USING IR SENSOR
Dept. of Electrical Engineering (2019-23)
Project Guide:-
 Mr
. Prabhakar kumar
Ass. Professor.
Dept. of Elec. Engg.
S.I.T SITAMARHI
Submitted by:-
Surya sharma(18103127032)
Raushankumar (18103127036)
Raja raman (18103127044)
Ravishankar kumar (18103127035)

2. Introduction
 Wastage of electricity is one of the main problems which we are facing nowadays.
 In our home, school, colleges or industry we see that fan/lights are kept on even if there
is nobody in the room or area/passage. This happens due to negligence or because we
forgot to turn lights off or when we are in a hurry. T
o avoid all such situations we have
designed this project called “Automatic room light controller using IR Sensor counter”.
 The main concept behind this project is known as “Visitor counter” which measures the
number of persons entering any room like seminar hall, conference room, classroom.
 This function is implemented using a pair of Infrared sensors. LCD display placed outside the
room displays this value of person count. Thisperson count will be incremented if
somebody enters the room and at that time lights are turned on.And in a reverse way,
person count willbe decremented ifsomebody leaves the room. When the number of
persons inside the room is zero, lights inside the room are turned off using a relay
interface. In this way Relay does the operation of “Automatic room light controller
.
 The digital World we are living in allows us to use different technologies to
automatically perform certain tasks. Such automation is very useful in certain areas like
energy consumption, reducing human efforts,improving standard of living etc.
 The aim of this project is to automatically turn on or off the lights in a room by detecting the
human movement. We implemented this project using 8051 microcontroller and two
Infrared (IR) sensors.

3. USED HARDWARES
 Arduino UNO(1)
 Relay (5v)(1)
 R
esisters (3),
 IR Sensor module(2)
 16x2 LCD display(1)
 Bread Board(2)
 Connecting Wires (M toM-10, F to F-10,M to F-10)
 Led
 BC547 Transistor(5)
 Arduino Uno/MEGA Programming Cable(1)
 Arduino Uno R3ATmega328PArduino (1)

4. ARDUINO UNO
Arduino is an open source physical processing
which is base on a microcontroller board and an
incorporated development environment for the
board to be programmed. It takes in a few inputs,
for instance,switches or sensors and
monitors a few multiple outputs, for example,
lights, engine and others. Arduino is a cross-
platform app as its programs ca n run on
Windows, Macintosh and Linuxoperating
systems (OS) contrary to most microcontrollers'
frameworks which run only on Windows. It is a
very sophisticated physical processing stage
focused around a straightforward
microcontroller board.
Fig. (01) ARDUINO UNO

5. Relay
 Relays are most commonly used switching devices
used in electronics. It c a n be used to switch high
current loads easily unlike transistors which are
limited by the maximum current that c an flow
through them and also can’t switchAC loads. This
5V 1A Relay
Module can switch bothAC and DC loads. It is an
Electromagnetic switch, when the coil inside is
energized with a small current, it c an switch ON or
OFF the high current circuit. It has PCB screw
terminals to directly connect. They c an be used in
Home automation to switch O N or OFF the
appliances, in Electronic circuits to perform
switching operations, in safety circuits to disconnect
or connect the heavy loads in case of any
dangerous situation, inAutomobile applications like
turning on windscreen wipers, power windows fuel
pump, cooling fan etc.
Fig:- (02)

6. IR Sensor module
 Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared control systems. PIN diode and
preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package designed IR
filter
.the demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a
microprocessor. TSOP17.. is the standard IR remote control receiver series,
supporting all major transmission codes.
 Features:
 Photo detector and preamplifier in one package internal filter for PCM
frequency
 -Improved shielding against electrical field disturbance
 -TTLa nd C M OS com p atibility
 -Output active low
 -Low power consumption
 -High immunity against ambient light
 -Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps)
 -Suitable burst length 10 cycles/burst
fig. (03) IR Sensor module

7. Fig. (04) 16*2 LCD display
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic
applications. A 16x2 LCD disp la y is ve ry ba
display module and find a wide range of
sic
module a nd is ve ry com monly used in various
devices and circuits. These modules are preferred
over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs.
The reasons being: LCDs are economical: easily
programmable; have no limitation of displaying
special & even custom characters (unlike in seven
segments), animations and so on. A 16x2 LCD mea ns
it c a n disp la y 16 cha racters per line a nd there a re 2
such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in
5x7 pixel m atrix.This LCD has two registers,nam ely
,
Co mma nd a nd Data. The command register stores
the command instructions given to the LCD. A
command is an instruction given to LCD to do a
predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen,
setting the cursor position, controlling display etc.
The data register stores the data to be displayed on
the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character
to be displayed on the LCD.
16x2 LCD display

8. Bread Board
 This is a modern "solderle ss" brea d b oard tha t is used to connect
components without the use of solder
. It simplifies the process of
prototyping circuits. It is required for basic electronics. This breadboard has
two power rails on both sides as well as 400 contact points. These contact
points are holes on the breadboard into which wires and components can
be inserted.
Fig. (05) Bread Board

9. BC547 Transistor
 Basics of BC547 Here are the key points which you must know about BC547:
 BC 547 is a Bipola r Junction Transistor
, a bbrevia ted a s BJT
.Itis a n
NPN transistor.Ithas three terminals named as:
 Emitter Collector BaseThe maximum current gain of BC547 is
800mA.Collector- Emitter Voltage is 65V.Collector-Base Voltage is 80n Emitter-
Base Voltage is 8V.Working of BC547
 BC547 has two working states which are:
 Forward Biased.Reverse Biased.In a forward biased state, the collector
and emitter are connected allowing current to pass through. While in a
reverse biased state, it works as an open switch and doesn't allow the
current to pass.
 Applications of BC547 BC547 is normally used for:
 Current Amplification.Fast switching.Pulse Width Modulation.
 So if you have some project in which you wanna control the speed of a motor
or actuator then you can easily do that by using this transistor. Moreover, it is
also used as a switch i.e. if you want to turn on or off DC appliances then you
can easily do that using this
Fig.(06) BC547 T
ransistor

10. Principle of operation
 This project is divided in four parts: sensors, controller
, counter display and
gate. The sensor would observe an interruption and provide an input to the
controller which would run the counter increment or decrement
depending on entering or exiting of the person. And counting is displayed
on a 16x2 LCD through the controller.
 •When any one enters in the room, IR sensor will get interrupted by the
object then other sensor will not work because we have a dde d a delay for
a while.

11. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig:- (07)

12. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig:- (08)

13. Applications
 For counting purposes.
 For automatic room light control.
 It can be used at homes and other places to keep a check on the number
of persons entering a secured place.
 Itcan also be used as home automation system to ensure energy saving by
switching on the loads and fan on when needed.

14. Conclusion
 This is the controller based model to count the number of persons visitinga
particular room/mall and accordingly light up the room.
 It counts the number of persons entering and leaving the room.