Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
The presentation details different methods and terminologies used in disease management. It briefs about different types of disease control programs run at global, regional, and national levels. It also tells about the success and failure of different disease control programs. The presentation also briefed about methods of disease control.
Dr. James A. Roth - FMD Vaccination: Preparedness, Availability, and LimitationsJohn Blue
FMD Vaccination: Preparedness, Availability, and Limitations - James Roth, DVM, Director, Center for Food Security and Public Health and Executive Director, Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics, Iowa State University, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases transmitted between animals and humans. This document discusses several bacterial, parasitic, protozoan, fungal, and viral zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, plague, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, rabies, tularemia, and psittacosis. It provides details on the causative agents, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases.
EPIZOO is a complex software package for veterinary epidemiology that uses 12 modules to analyze diverse animal population health data. It provides methods for analyzing characteristics like population structures, health indicators, disease rates, risk analyses, disease dynamics, economic impacts, investigation methods, sampling techniques, and program planning and evaluation. The quality of results from EPIZOO depends on selecting the appropriate methods, using reliable input data, and properly interpreting the outputs in the context of follow-up actions.
Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptxBhoj Raj Singh
The presentation details different methods and terminologies used in disease management. It briefs about different types of disease control programs run at global, regional, and national levels. It also tells about the success and failure of different disease control programs. The presentation also briefed about methods of disease control.
Dr. James A. Roth - FMD Vaccination: Preparedness, Availability, and LimitationsJohn Blue
FMD Vaccination: Preparedness, Availability, and Limitations - James Roth, DVM, Director, Center for Food Security and Public Health and Executive Director, Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics, Iowa State University, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases transmitted between animals and humans. This document discusses several bacterial, parasitic, protozoan, fungal, and viral zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, plague, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, rabies, tularemia, and psittacosis. It provides details on the causative agents, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases.
EPIZOO is a complex software package for veterinary epidemiology that uses 12 modules to analyze diverse animal population health data. It provides methods for analyzing characteristics like population structures, health indicators, disease rates, risk analyses, disease dynamics, economic impacts, investigation methods, sampling techniques, and program planning and evaluation. The quality of results from EPIZOO depends on selecting the appropriate methods, using reliable input data, and properly interpreting the outputs in the context of follow-up actions.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which affects cattle and water buffalo. It is characterized by fever, skin nodules, swollen lymph nodes, and reduced milk production. Transmission occurs through arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and flies. Diagnosis involves collecting blood, skin samples, or semen from infected animals showing symptoms like nodules and fever. Treatment focuses on isolation, supportive care, and prevention of secondary infections. Controlling vectors and movement of animals from infected areas are important for prevention along with vaccination of healthy animals near outbreak sites.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is associated with several diseases in cattle: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV), balanoposthitis, conjunctivitis, abortion, encephalomyelitis, and mastitis.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
International Threats of Zoonotic Diseases - International Conference on One ...Tata Naipospos
The document summarizes an international conference presentation on zoonotic diseases and their threats. It notes that emerging zoonotic diseases pose an increasing global threat due to factors like population growth, increased animal production and trade, and human encroachment on wildlife habitats. An interdisciplinary "One Health" approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is needed to monitor and control zoonotic diseases, which account for over 60% of all known human pathogens. Collaboration across medical, veterinary and policy sectors can help achieve efficiencies and early detection of outbreaks.
The Global Early Warning and Response System (GLEWS) is a joint system between the FAO, OIE, and WHO to assist in predicting, preventing, and controlling animal disease threats, including zoonoses. GLEWS builds on existing early warning systems by coordinating information sharing, epidemiological analysis, and field missions. The objectives of GLEWS are to study disease transmission to prevent spread, monitor control campaigns, and prepare for emergencies. Key components of GLEWS include disease surveillance, developing prediction models, and outbreak alert/response mechanisms.
The document discusses the One Health concept and approach. One Health recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It has origins in ancient times but is now defined by the One Health Initiative Task Force as collaborative efforts across disciplines to achieve optimal health for all. A One Health approach is relevant for issues like food safety, zoonotic disease control, and combating antibiotic resistance and requires communication across sectors to better address public health challenges.
Persyaratan Negara atau Zona Bebas PMK Menurut WOAH - Ditkeswan-AIHSP, Bogor,...Tata Naipospos
Tiga persyaratan utama untuk mendapatkan status negara/zona bebas Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia (WOAH) adalah:
1. Tidak ada kasus PMK selama minimal 12 bulan terakhir
2. Dilaksanakannya surveilans rutin untuk mendeteksi gejala klinis PMK
3. Diterapkannya tindakan regulasi untuk mencegah dan mendeteksi dini PMK"
Vet Epidemiology Overview and General Concepts - RD DomingoPerez Eric
This document provides an overview of epidemiology. It defines epidemiology as the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations, and the application of this study to disease control. It discusses key epidemiology terms like population, distribution, and determinants. It also outlines different epidemiological study types and compares epidemiology to other disciplines like clinical medicine and pathology. The document aims to explain epidemiology and its role in managing disease problems.
Using a One Health Approach to Control Zoonotic Diseases: Tuberculosis as an ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses using a One Health approach to control zoonotic tuberculosis. It defines zoonotic tuberculosis as tuberculosis that can be transmitted between humans and animals. It describes the disease, including the causative agents and hosts. It then discusses the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis, including modes of transmission between hosts and control methods. The document advocates for a One Health approach to control zoonotic tuberculosis, citing the complex transmission cycles between multiple hosts and environments. It argues the One Health approach improves efficiency by integrating human, animal, and environmental health surveillance and control programs and encouraging sharing of resources.
Global veterinary and medical perspectives on one healthJess Vergis
This document discusses the concepts of One Health and the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It outlines how increased human population, urbanization, agricultural intensification, and encroachment into wildlife habitats have contributed to the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Over 60% of infectious diseases are zoonotic, with 71.8% originating from wildlife. The document then examines the historical foundations of comparative medicine and the development of veterinary science and its role in public health. It discusses how the One Health approach aims to address modern problems through cross-sectoral collaboration between medical, veterinary, and environmental professionals.
Zoonoses :- derived from the Greek words
Zoon- Animal & Noson – Disease
Zoonoses was coined and first used by Rudolf Virchow who defined it for communicable diseases.
Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans - WHO 1959
Of the 1415 microbial diseases affecting humans, 61% are zoonotic with 13% species regarded as emerging or reemerging
Link b/w human & animals with their surrounding are very close especially in developing countries
Epidemiologi, Dampak Ekonomi dan Peluang Pemberantasan LSD - IDHSI, 19 Maret ...Tata Naipospos
Webinar membahas Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) yang menyerang sapi di Indonesia. Penyakit ini pertama kali ditemukan di Provinsi Riau pada Februari 2022 dan sejak saat itu terus menyebar ke beberapa kabupaten di provinsi tersebut. LSD menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi besar akibat kematian ternak dan penurunan produktivitas. Upaya pemberantasan diperlukan untuk mencegah penyebaran lebih lanjut.
Brief introduction to the One Health concept, and beyondILRI
This document provides an introduction to the One Health concept and integrated approaches to health. It discusses how global changes like climate change, globalization, and intensification of animal production are linked to threats to human, animal, and environmental health. The One Health concept positions human health at the center and recognizes the connections between human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Integrated approaches to health are based on systems thinking, interdisciplinarity, participation, sustainability, and bringing knowledge to action. For regions in Eastern and Southern Africa, integrated approaches must consider diverse cultures and socio-ecological systems like extensive pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems and wildlife economies. Specific needs in these regions that have been identified include addressing urban
The One Health approach aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, and the environment through collaboration across multiple disciplines. It recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are interconnected. The concept originated in the 19th century from physicians who studied links between human and animal diseases. Today, a One Health approach is particularly relevant for issues like food safety, zoonotic disease control, and antibiotic resistance, which require cross-sector solutions. No single group can prevent problems that arise at the human-animal-environment interface. Implementing One Health requires cooperation among professionals in public health, animal health, and related fields across local to global levels.
This document provides an overview of Newcastle disease in birds. It begins with an introduction defining Newcastle disease as a viral infection caused by avian paramyxovirus 1. The document then covers the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and post mortem lesions of the disease. Key points include that the virus is shed in feces and respiratory secretions and transmitted through direct or indirect contact, and that clinical signs can include neurological issues while post mortem lesions are not specific.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at a meeting on sharing the experiences on the application of One Health approaches in China, Beijing, China, 8-9 August 2013.
Strength and weaknesses of fmd control programme going on in india dr. kale b...Bhoj Raj Singh
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating disease in many of the developing countries including India despite control programs. The FMD in India is associated with loss of about Rs. 20000 crores per annually. Government of India and different provincial governments are spending hundreds of crore rupees per year to control the disease. The FMD control programme (FMD-CP) is running in India since more than 13 years but control of the FMD is still far away dream and the Disease is regularly visiting even the government farms managed by the India's leading Veterinary and Dairy Institutes. The pros and cons of FMD-CP has been discussed in the presentation.
Lumpy skin disease is caused by a virus in cattle that causes raised circular nodules on the skin and other clinical signs. It can spread between cattle through mosquitoes and flies. The disease causes economic losses through reduced milk production, abortion, and hide damage. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic skin lesions and confirming with virus isolation or serology testing. Control relies on quarantine of infected herds, vaccination in endemic areas, and insect control to prevent transmission.
Rabies in Bali: A chronology and experience made with an EcoHealth approach f...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger at a training course for World Health Organization fellowship trainees from Sri Lanka on “Health approaches for rabies control and control of other zoonotic diseases”. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 20-24 May 2013.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which affects cattle and water buffalo. It is characterized by fever, skin nodules, swollen lymph nodes, and reduced milk production. Transmission occurs through arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and flies. Diagnosis involves collecting blood, skin samples, or semen from infected animals showing symptoms like nodules and fever. Treatment focuses on isolation, supportive care, and prevention of secondary infections. Controlling vectors and movement of animals from infected areas are important for prevention along with vaccination of healthy animals near outbreak sites.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is associated with several diseases in cattle: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV), balanoposthitis, conjunctivitis, abortion, encephalomyelitis, and mastitis.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
International Threats of Zoonotic Diseases - International Conference on One ...Tata Naipospos
The document summarizes an international conference presentation on zoonotic diseases and their threats. It notes that emerging zoonotic diseases pose an increasing global threat due to factors like population growth, increased animal production and trade, and human encroachment on wildlife habitats. An interdisciplinary "One Health" approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is needed to monitor and control zoonotic diseases, which account for over 60% of all known human pathogens. Collaboration across medical, veterinary and policy sectors can help achieve efficiencies and early detection of outbreaks.
The Global Early Warning and Response System (GLEWS) is a joint system between the FAO, OIE, and WHO to assist in predicting, preventing, and controlling animal disease threats, including zoonoses. GLEWS builds on existing early warning systems by coordinating information sharing, epidemiological analysis, and field missions. The objectives of GLEWS are to study disease transmission to prevent spread, monitor control campaigns, and prepare for emergencies. Key components of GLEWS include disease surveillance, developing prediction models, and outbreak alert/response mechanisms.
The document discusses the One Health concept and approach. One Health recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It has origins in ancient times but is now defined by the One Health Initiative Task Force as collaborative efforts across disciplines to achieve optimal health for all. A One Health approach is relevant for issues like food safety, zoonotic disease control, and combating antibiotic resistance and requires communication across sectors to better address public health challenges.
Persyaratan Negara atau Zona Bebas PMK Menurut WOAH - Ditkeswan-AIHSP, Bogor,...Tata Naipospos
Tiga persyaratan utama untuk mendapatkan status negara/zona bebas Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia (WOAH) adalah:
1. Tidak ada kasus PMK selama minimal 12 bulan terakhir
2. Dilaksanakannya surveilans rutin untuk mendeteksi gejala klinis PMK
3. Diterapkannya tindakan regulasi untuk mencegah dan mendeteksi dini PMK"
Vet Epidemiology Overview and General Concepts - RD DomingoPerez Eric
This document provides an overview of epidemiology. It defines epidemiology as the study of disease distribution and determinants in populations, and the application of this study to disease control. It discusses key epidemiology terms like population, distribution, and determinants. It also outlines different epidemiological study types and compares epidemiology to other disciplines like clinical medicine and pathology. The document aims to explain epidemiology and its role in managing disease problems.
Using a One Health Approach to Control Zoonotic Diseases: Tuberculosis as an ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses using a One Health approach to control zoonotic tuberculosis. It defines zoonotic tuberculosis as tuberculosis that can be transmitted between humans and animals. It describes the disease, including the causative agents and hosts. It then discusses the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis, including modes of transmission between hosts and control methods. The document advocates for a One Health approach to control zoonotic tuberculosis, citing the complex transmission cycles between multiple hosts and environments. It argues the One Health approach improves efficiency by integrating human, animal, and environmental health surveillance and control programs and encouraging sharing of resources.
Global veterinary and medical perspectives on one healthJess Vergis
This document discusses the concepts of One Health and the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It outlines how increased human population, urbanization, agricultural intensification, and encroachment into wildlife habitats have contributed to the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Over 60% of infectious diseases are zoonotic, with 71.8% originating from wildlife. The document then examines the historical foundations of comparative medicine and the development of veterinary science and its role in public health. It discusses how the One Health approach aims to address modern problems through cross-sectoral collaboration between medical, veterinary, and environmental professionals.
Zoonoses :- derived from the Greek words
Zoon- Animal & Noson – Disease
Zoonoses was coined and first used by Rudolf Virchow who defined it for communicable diseases.
Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans - WHO 1959
Of the 1415 microbial diseases affecting humans, 61% are zoonotic with 13% species regarded as emerging or reemerging
Link b/w human & animals with their surrounding are very close especially in developing countries
Epidemiologi, Dampak Ekonomi dan Peluang Pemberantasan LSD - IDHSI, 19 Maret ...Tata Naipospos
Webinar membahas Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) yang menyerang sapi di Indonesia. Penyakit ini pertama kali ditemukan di Provinsi Riau pada Februari 2022 dan sejak saat itu terus menyebar ke beberapa kabupaten di provinsi tersebut. LSD menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi besar akibat kematian ternak dan penurunan produktivitas. Upaya pemberantasan diperlukan untuk mencegah penyebaran lebih lanjut.
Brief introduction to the One Health concept, and beyondILRI
This document provides an introduction to the One Health concept and integrated approaches to health. It discusses how global changes like climate change, globalization, and intensification of animal production are linked to threats to human, animal, and environmental health. The One Health concept positions human health at the center and recognizes the connections between human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Integrated approaches to health are based on systems thinking, interdisciplinarity, participation, sustainability, and bringing knowledge to action. For regions in Eastern and Southern Africa, integrated approaches must consider diverse cultures and socio-ecological systems like extensive pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems and wildlife economies. Specific needs in these regions that have been identified include addressing urban
The One Health approach aims to achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, and the environment through collaboration across multiple disciplines. It recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are interconnected. The concept originated in the 19th century from physicians who studied links between human and animal diseases. Today, a One Health approach is particularly relevant for issues like food safety, zoonotic disease control, and antibiotic resistance, which require cross-sector solutions. No single group can prevent problems that arise at the human-animal-environment interface. Implementing One Health requires cooperation among professionals in public health, animal health, and related fields across local to global levels.
This document provides an overview of Newcastle disease in birds. It begins with an introduction defining Newcastle disease as a viral infection caused by avian paramyxovirus 1. The document then covers the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and post mortem lesions of the disease. Key points include that the virus is shed in feces and respiratory secretions and transmitted through direct or indirect contact, and that clinical signs can include neurological issues while post mortem lesions are not specific.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at a meeting on sharing the experiences on the application of One Health approaches in China, Beijing, China, 8-9 August 2013.
Strength and weaknesses of fmd control programme going on in india dr. kale b...Bhoj Raj Singh
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating disease in many of the developing countries including India despite control programs. The FMD in India is associated with loss of about Rs. 20000 crores per annually. Government of India and different provincial governments are spending hundreds of crore rupees per year to control the disease. The FMD control programme (FMD-CP) is running in India since more than 13 years but control of the FMD is still far away dream and the Disease is regularly visiting even the government farms managed by the India's leading Veterinary and Dairy Institutes. The pros and cons of FMD-CP has been discussed in the presentation.
Lumpy skin disease is caused by a virus in cattle that causes raised circular nodules on the skin and other clinical signs. It can spread between cattle through mosquitoes and flies. The disease causes economic losses through reduced milk production, abortion, and hide damage. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic skin lesions and confirming with virus isolation or serology testing. Control relies on quarantine of infected herds, vaccination in endemic areas, and insect control to prevent transmission.
Rabies in Bali: A chronology and experience made with an EcoHealth approach f...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger at a training course for World Health Organization fellowship trainees from Sri Lanka on “Health approaches for rabies control and control of other zoonotic diseases”. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 20-24 May 2013.
NDWC Chennai 2013 - Veterinarian's Role in Rabies Control - Ilona OtterDogs Trust
The document outlines the important role that veterinarians play in rabies control and eradication. It discusses that eradicating rabies requires eliminating the virus from the main host population, which is dogs. Veterinarians are key to rabies control as they are responsible for vaccinating domestic dogs on a continuous basis. The document then describes the various roles veterinarians have, including educating the public, administering vaccinations, monitoring rabies cases, controlling dog populations, and communicating rabies information to different groups. It emphasizes that all veterinarians in India have an important part to play in rabies control efforts.
The role of human and animal health professionals towards rabies free ethiopiaAbraham_Kidane
Presented by Abraham Haile during world Rabies Day event that was designed to bring human and animal health professionals together to realize joint prevention and control efforts in the country
RABIES IN TUNISIA:Evolution and result of « National Program of Rabies Control »Pasteur_Tunis
The document summarizes the evolution and results of Tunisia's National Program for Rabies Control. It finds that:
1) Rabies is endemic in Tunisia, primarily spread by dogs. A national program was established in 1983 to control rabies through dog vaccination campaigns, human post-exposure prophylaxis, and rabies surveillance.
2) The program successfully reduced rabies incidence between 1983-1988 and 1993-2010. However, cases have increased again from 2012-2015, calling for improvements to the program, including increasing dog vaccination coverage and public education.
3) The Pasteur Institute Rabies Laboratory plays a key role in epidemiological surveillance and evaluation of control efforts in Tunisia. It
This chapter discusses prevention and control of zoonotic diseases. It describes four common zoonotic diseases in detail: anthrax, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, and rabies. These diseases are usually transmitted from animals to humans through direct contact, ingestion, inhalation or bites. The chapter outlines symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment for each disease. It emphasizes the importance of public education, vaccination, proper food handling, and sanitation to prevent and control the spread of zoonotic diseases from animals to humans.
"One Health in the Prevention and Control of Rabies"Abraham_Kidane
1) Rabies is a fatal viral disease transmitted primarily through animal bites. It remains a global public health problem, causing tens of thousands of deaths annually, especially in Africa and Asia.
2) Effective prevention and control of rabies relies on a multi-sectoral "One Health" approach involving veterinary, public health and wildlife agencies. Key strategies include dog vaccination programs, post-exposure prophylaxis for bite victims, and oral rabies vaccination of wildlife in some regions.
3) While still present, rabies transmission has been eliminated from dog populations in the United States and parts of Latin America through well-coordinated vaccination and public education efforts. However, rabies persists in wildlife reservoirs in many areas
Rabies is a fatal viral disease preventable through vaccination and wound management. The document discusses rabies vaccines produced from neural tissues or cell cultures, post-exposure prophylaxis including wound cleaning and vaccination schedules, pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk groups, and strategies for rabies control including dog vaccination programs. Controlling rabies in animals can reduce human medical costs and risk of infection.
It is easy to follow an established protocol recommended by the manufacturer. However that protocol need to be fine tuned for your lab to save money and time. If you have the luxury of time you may be able to save a bundle by staining using a very diluted antibody by staining overnight or even extending incubation time for one hour.
Worldwide Veterinary Service (WVS) is an organization that provides veterinary aid to animal welfare charities around the world. It sends veterinary teams on missions, provides veterinary supplies and equipment, and offers volunteer opportunities for veterinarians and non-veterinarians. In 2011, WVS helped over 450 charities, treated over 10,500 animals through 67 veterinary teams, and sent 530 aid parcels. WVS also operates an international training center in India that provides veterinary training and runs spay/neuter campaigns.
Foodborne diseases are illnesses acquired from contaminated food and include food poisoning, food intoxication, and food infection. Staphylococcal food poisoning results from toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria growing in food and causing sudden vomiting and diarrhea. Botulism food poisoning is caused by toxins from Clostridium botulinum in improperly canned foods, leading to paralysis. Salmonellosis is a bacterial infection from Salmonella bacteria typically causing fever and diarrhea from foods like eggs, poultry, and raw vegetables.
The document discusses common pitfalls in diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC), including issues that can occur in pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic phases. Some key pitfalls mentioned are insufficient tissue fixation time, improper epitope retrieval methods, suboptimal antibody choices, and lack of appropriate controls. The author emphasizes the importance of validation, controls, and following standardized protocols to avoid false positives and false negatives in IHC.
principle of Immunohistochemistry and its use in diagnosticsEkta Jajodia
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) localizes antigens in tissues based on antigen-antibody recognition. The principle is visualizing target compounds in tissues with high signal-to-noise ratio. IHC was developed in the 1960s using enzyme labels instead of fluorescent labels to visualize targets under a light microscope. Key steps in IHC include antigen retrieval to unmask antigens, blocking endogenous enzymes, primary antibody incubation, secondary antibody or polymer incubation, and signal development with chromogens. IHC is commonly performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections and can identify cell types and localization of proteins to characterize tissues.
The document outlines the steps for DAKO IHC staining which includes deparaffinization and rehydration of the sample, antigen retrieval, blocking of endogenous peroxidase, incubation with primary and secondary antibodies, development with DAB, counterstaining with hematoxylin, and coverslipping. The process takes approximately 1-2 hours and involves rinsing between steps in various buffers and solvents.
This document provides an overview of immunohistochemistry methods. It defines key terms like antigens, antibodies, affinity, and sensitivity. It discusses the history of immunohistochemistry from the 1930s to current techniques. The principles of immunohistochemistry are described, including production of primary reagents, tissue fixation, antigen retrieval, staining, and limitations. Various immunohistochemistry methods are summarized such as direct, indirect, polymer, peroxidase-antiperoxidase, and alkaline phosphatase techniques.
The document provides an overview of the four main types of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It discusses what each macromolecule is made up of at the molecular level, where they are found, and their main functions in living things. The key points covered include that carbohydrates are polymers of glucose monomers and are an important energy source; lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and function to store energy, insulate, and produce hormones; proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers and compose structures, enzymes, and hormones; nucleic acids include DNA and RNA.
This document discusses different types of immunization and vaccination. It describes passive immunization, which provides immediate protection by injecting pre-formed antibodies, and active immunization, which activates the immune system to produce its own antibodies. Vaccines can be live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, subunit, DNA, or recombinant vector-based. They are administered through various routes and involve primary vaccination and booster shots to maintain immunity. The document covers different vaccine-preventable diseases and periods of immunity conferred.
The document discusses the World Society for the Protection of Animals' (WSPA) One Health approach across three areas:
1) Rabies control through mass dog vaccination programs rather than culling, working with governments in countries like Bangladesh and Zanzibar.
2) Disaster preparedness by protecting livestock and integrating animals into response plans, helping communities in India, Haiti, and Kenya become more resilient.
3) Addressing the role of wildlife trade and welfare standards in disease transmission and advocating for more sustainable practices to reduce zoonotic risk.
Dog population management programs provide a more effective solution than culling for addressing issues like rabies transmission and human-dog conflicts. Such programs integrate components like education, healthcare, identification, legislation, and reproduction control to establish a stable, healthy dog population. Implementing these holistic programs in line with One Health principles has resulted in decreased rabies deaths and bites in places like Zanzibar while improving dog welfare.
The context surrounding the emergence of infectious diseases and the need to ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at a Preventing Zoonotic Disease Emergence (PREZODE) side event at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Forum on Science and Innovation, 13 October 2022.
Dog Population Control: Animal Welfare Issues from a Developing Country's Per...Dogs Trust
S. Abdul Rahman, Rtd. Dean, Veterinary College Bangalore, India, explains how animal welfare must be posed as a human problem (e.g. tackling rabies) to be addressed in a developing country.
For more information about this presentation and the International Companion Animal Welfare Conference, visit www.icawc.org (there is a summary of this session in the blog).
One World - One Health presentation Katinka de Balogh FAOHarm Kiezebrink
During the FVE conference in Brussels on April 7, 2014, Katinka de Balogh, leader the global Veterinary Public Health activities of the FAO, presented the One-Health approach to highlight the importance of prevention, ensuring health and welfare of people and animals in a globalized environment:
• The benefit coming from the implementation of good health management in practice, both in terms of health and welfare, as well as, of financial sustainability
• The importance of coordinating actions in both sectors via a One-Health approach, with a particular focus on zoonotic diseases
• The role of the medical and veterinary profession in assuring these matters and educating the society
Katinka de Balogh is of Dutch and Hungarian origins and grew up in Latin-America. She studied veterinary medicine in Berlin and Munich and graduated and obtained her doctorate in tropical parasitology from the Tropical Institute of the University of Munich in 1984. In the late 80’s she had spent two years as a young professional at the Veterinary Public Health Unit of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva. In 2002 she started working at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome.
Dr. Jeffrey Young is a veterinarian who has sterilized over 165,000 animals in the last 25 years through his non-profit organizations Planned Pethood Plus and Planned Pethood International. He believes the most effective way to address companion animal overpopulation is through low-cost sterilization programs and education on responsible pet ownership. Killing animals has been shown to be ineffective for population control and an ongoing financial burden, while sterilization programs reduce populations in a humane manner over time.
Presented by Hung Nguyen-Viet and Jakob Zinsstag at a technical workshop of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regional initiative on One Health, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–13 October 2017.
GRF One Health Summit 2012, Davos: Presentation by Dr. Berhe Tekola - Director - Animal Production and Health - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO
ICAWC 2014 - Street Dog Population Control - Jeff YoungDogs Trust
Dr. Jeffrey Young graduated from veterinary school in 1989 and established Planned Pethood Plus, Inc. in 1990 to provide low-cost mobile neutering services. He has since neutered over 165,000 animals and founded Planned Pethood International to fund spay/neuter programs worldwide. Dr. Young believes spay/neuter programs are the most effective and humane way to reduce companion animal overpopulation compared to traditional methods like killing surplus animals. He continues to advocate for early-age neutering and affordable access to spay/neuter services globally.
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)ILRI
This document discusses the need for a One Health approach to address pandemics and zoonotic diseases at their human-animal-environment interface. It outlines seven major drivers of zoonotic disease emergence, including increased demand for animal protein and unsustainable agricultural intensification. At least one billion people are impacted by endemic livestock diseases each year. A One Health approach is necessary to prepare for, detect, prevent, and respond to pandemics and endemics through coordinated action and investment in health systems from the local to global levels. Science also has an important role to play in understanding disease transmission and developing universal vaccines.
Davos One Health 2015 Surveillance for Pandemic Threats 5 oct 2015 Peter DAN...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Surveillance of zoonotic diseases in farmed animals is important to prevent pandemics. Many recent outbreaks of influenza started in animals before spreading to humans. Effective surveillance could allow early detection and control of diseases in animals to prevent human transmission. However, current surveillance is inadequate due to factors like cost, lack of reporting incentives for farmers, and negative consequences of reporting diseases. Improved engagement with farmers and the public is needed to develop surveillance systems that manage risks while supporting sustainable agriculture.
The document provides an overview of the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. It discusses the evolution and key concepts of One Health, including how it addresses important issues like zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and food safety in an integrated way. Specific zoonotic diseases that have been targets of the One Health approach in India are also highlighted, such as rabies, henipaviruses, and Japanese encephalitis. The document emphasizes the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration across human, animal, and environmental health to tackle these challenges.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perceptio...John Blue
Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perception vs. reality - Dr. Richard Raymond, M.D., former U.S. Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Food Safety, from the 2015 World Pork Expo, June 3 - 5, 2015, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-world-pork-expo
Current research on developing collaborations across sectors for zoonoses pre...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace at a national expert consultation on intersectoral coordination for prevention and control of zoonoses in India, New Delhi, India, 27 November 2013.
Endemic canine rabies is a reemerging neglected zoonosis often underestimated in Kenya but remains a public health and economic burden to the rural poor. Understanding the transmission dynamics and distribution of dog bites over specified time period can assist in assessment of risk factors, design of interventions to exposure and the estimation of rabies burden
Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines,
medicines, tools, and technologies have long
been available to prevent people from dying of
dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still
kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over
40% are children under 15, mainly in rural areas
of economically disadvantaged countries in Africa
and Asia. Of all human cases, up to 99% are
acquired from the bite of an infected dog.
Similar to Rabies control: the benefits of a one health approach (20)
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster risk reduction and nursing - human science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Global alliance of disaster research institutes (GADRI) discussion session, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes (GADRI) aims to reduce disaster risk and increase resilience through interdisciplinary research. GADRI brings together institutions to support research efforts through cooperation instead of competition. It also guides new researchers and maintains institutional memory to build upon past work. Some challenges GADRI may face include coordinating a global alliance. Solutions include facilitating cooperative work between members and guiding the expanding field of disaster reduction research.
Towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy supply the role of resilience i...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses concepts related to ensuring a safe, secure, and sustainable energy supply. It introduces the concepts of risk assessment, resilience management, security of supply, sustainability, and multi-criteria decision analysis. It then presents a case study from the EU SECURE project that used these concepts to evaluate policy scenarios according to various environmental, economic, social, and security indicators. The study found that global climate policy scenarios generally performed best, though they were vulnerable to certain shocks like nuclear accidents or carbon capture failures. Overall policies that reduced fossil fuel use and led to greater diversification of energy sources and imports improved sustainability and security.
Making Hard Choices An Analysis of Settlement Choices and Willingness to Retu...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
1) The document analyzes data from surveys of Syrian refugees in Turkey to understand their choices regarding returning to Syria, staying in Turkey, or migrating elsewhere.
2) It finds that as the duration of living as a refugee increases, the probability of returning to Syria decreases significantly, while the likelihood of migrating to another country increases.
3) Refugees who experienced greater damage, losses, or deaths due to the war in Syria are less likely to return and more likely to migrate internationally in search of asylum.
The Relocation Challenges in Coastal Urban Centers Options and Limitations, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Involving the Mining Sector in Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality, Simone ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Reduction and Nursing - Human Science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Training and awareness raising in Critical Infrastructure Protection & Resili...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
IDRC Davos 2016 - Workshop Awareness Raising, Education and Training - Capaci...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
The document summarizes the Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes (GADRI). GADRI is a global network of over 100 disaster research institutes that aims to enhance disaster risk reduction through knowledge sharing. It holds symposia, workshops, and other events on topics like flash floods, earthquakes, and geohazards. Notable upcoming events include the Third Global Summit of Research Institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction in 2017. GADRI's goals are to establish collaborative research initiatives, form international working groups, and disseminate findings to influence disaster policy.
The document discusses capacity development for disaster risk reduction at the national and local levels. It explores strengths and weaknesses of current DRR capacity development efforts, and presents UNITAR's contribution through a new K4Resilience hub initiative. The initiative aims to strengthen DRR capacity development at national and sub-national levels by transferring knowledge and technology, advocating for positive change, achieving economies of scale in training, and facilitating peer-to-peer learning and mainstreaming of knowledge through strategies at the national and sub-national levels.
Dynamic factors influencing the post-disaster resettlement success Lessons fr...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Consequences of the Armed Conflict as a Stressor of Climate Change in Colombi...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Perception in Cameroon and its Implications for the Rehabilitat...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Systematic Knowledge Sharing of Natural Hazard Damages in Public-private Part...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Exploring the Effectiveness of Humanitarian NGO-Private Sector Collaborations...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Can UK Water Service Providers Manage Risk and Resilience as Part of a Multi-...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses a study examining how well UK water service providers incorporate risk management and resilience as part of a multi-agency approach. The researchers analyzed 38 Community Risk Registers and found inconsistencies in style, structure, and level of detail when assessing risks like water infrastructure failures or drought. They conclude that improved consistency is needed in how water providers engage in and contribute their risk assessments to the community planning process.
A Holistic Approach Towards International Disaster Resilient Architecture by ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Rabies control: the benefits of a one health approach
1. Rabies Control: the benefits of a one health approach C. Sankey, E. Russell, R. Mitchell World Society for the Protection of Animals 5 th floor, 222 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8HB, UK
2. No healthy dog needs to be killed in the fight against rabies The best way to eliminate canine rabies is the mass vaccination of dogs
3.
4.
5.
6. “ Rabies is a vaccine preventable disease. The most cost effective strategy for preventing rabies in people is by eliminating rabies in dogs through vaccination,” World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 “ The control and elimination of rabies in dogs through vaccination remains the only cost effective way to sustainably protect humans from contracting the disease.” World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) 2011 “ Vaccinating dogs against rabies is the key to stopping this terrifying disease. It protects the dogs from rabies and creates a barrier between the disease and the people” Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) 2012
9. 133 169 doses STOP Dog Culling START of 1 st mass dog vaccination The vaccination of dogs Human and Dog Rabies Cases, Bali (Oct 2009 – March 2011) Human deaths Dog cases Humans Dogs 115 326 doses 213 176 doses (70% dog pop) Months
10. The vaccination of dogs: a sustainable approach Human and Dog Rabies Cases, Mexico 1990-2006
11.
12. The need for a one-health approach Public health services Livestock dept Implementation of a mass dog vaccination programme Saving on human health costs (PEP, treatment of dog-bite injuries…) Responsible for mass vaccination of dogs… Need for a global, ONE HEALTH APPROACH
I work for the World Society for the Protection of Animals, the world’s largest animal welfare organization. On World Rabies Day, 28 September, WSPA launched a programme of work with two big objectives.
1) To convince all governments that the best way to eliminate canine rabies is the mass vaccination of dogs. And 2) That no healthy dog needs to be killed in the fight against rabies We are doing this because there are millions of stray dogs suffering on our streets and the humane management of these animals presents one of the world’s greatest animal welfare challenges. And because many of these dogs are suffering as a result of our fear of rabies.
Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that kills more than 55 000 people every year, maybe more (underreporting). When compared to to high profile emerging zoonoses, such as SARS or Influenza H5N1 these diseases pale into insignificance. For example, H5N1 deaths in total number less than 200. Rabies also has the highest case-fatality ration of infectious diseases. Over 99% of these deaths occur in Africa and Asia, where rabies is endemic in domestic dog populations. Although rabies can infect and be maintained in several different host species, domestic dogs are by far the most important source of infection to humans, with more than 95% of human cases caused by bites from rabid dogs. The burden of disease is not distributed evenly across age groups, with children being the major victims of rabies, as they are more often bitten than adults and when bitten, are more often bitten on the head and neck, which carries a much greater risk than other parts of the body. DALYs (Disability-ajusted life years) are a standardised measure often used to assess the global/national burden of the disease. Here again, rabies high among the neglected tropical diseases. Other important and often under-appreciated impacts include the actual morbidity from bite injuries, which occur at surprisingly high incidences (up to 300/100,000 people per year) and can be horrific. When rabid animals bite, they often grip and tear, causing terrible injuries. Human cases result in considerable trauma for families, communities, as well as health care workers and there is great fear, anxiety and uncertainty following rabid dog-bite injuries.
Stray dogs exist. There are millions of them. In the fight against rabies we can either kill them, impound them or vaccinate them. Many Governments choose to kill them but this is counter productive as Killing or impounding dogs – removing them from our communities – can actually impede vaccination coverage and increase the risk of rabies spreading. A sudden reduction in the number of dogs leaves greater resources for surviving dogs leading to increased reproduction and survival rates and therefore a rapid rebuilding of the population. And as the root cause of the roaming dogs is not being addressed, it will need to be repeated indefinitely. A stable and safe – ie vaccinated – dog population is THE best defence against rabies.
The tragedy of rabies is that each human death is entirely preventable, and the economic and psychological burden of canine rabies easily reduced. In 1885, Pasteur held the view that solving the problem of rabies would be a blessing for humanity (Debre, 1994). It was Pasteur who first developed rabies vaccines, using suspensions of dried rabies virus infected spinal cords to immunise dogs in the early experiments, followed, in 1885, by the first post exposure administration in humans. In the intervening 120 years, improvements in vaccine immunogenicity, cell culture and inactivation techniques have led to the development of safe and highly efficacious vaccines for both humans and animals. We know that by vaccinating 70% of the dogs, we can prevent 99% of the human cases. We now have all the tools that are needed to eliminate human rabies, using mass dog vaccination to prevent disease in the major reservoir and vector (domestic dogs), and appropriate human post-exposure prophylaxis, including immunoglobulin and vaccines, to prevent the development of clinical disease in exposed people.
But don’t just take my word for it. As the WHO and others have stated repeatedly, the mass vaccination of dogs is the most effective way to control rabies.
WSPA has supported many dog rabies control projects with partner organisations around the world We’ve heard about several of these already in the conference but I think it’s worth highlighting one of them again to support my argument that inhumane culling does not work, mass vaccination of dogs does
When rabies reached Bali in 2008, the immediate response was to cull dogs in an attempt to control the outbreak. Over 130,000 dogs were killed using strychnine poisoning - But it didn’t work – the number of humans deaths rose with 60 confirmed cases by March 2011 What did work was stopping the culling and starting a mass vaccination programme: w ithin six months 210,000 dogs were vaccinate and the number of rabies cases in humans and dogs greatly decreased. But, we know that one vaccination programme is not enough to eliminate this disease, so the Balinese Government delivered a second phase of vaccination and is about to start on a third round will start next month
This graph shows the number of human rabies cases (orange), dog cases (blue line) and the blue bars show the umber of dogs vaccinated. As you will from the start of the vaccination programme there has been a continual and consistent decline in the number of reported dog and human rabies cases – and as you will see this graph only illustrates the findings for the first six months of the programme
This slide provides an excellent demonstration of the fact that mass dog vaccination can have dramatic impacts on both dog rabies cases (blue line) and human rabies deaths (orange line). It also demonstrates the recent successes in dog rabies control throughout central and southern America. So it is now clear that large-scale control of canine rabies is feasible.
In the fight against rabies, the priority is to safeguard human welfare but not at the unnecessary expense of dogs, but far too often this comes down to a matter of available resources: “How can we care about animal welfare when human welfare is so low?”. Animal welfare is often seen as an added cost, a burden. WSPA believes that the adoption of good animal welfare can directly benefit human health and can actually be central to the success of our attempts to halt the spread of rabies. To ensure sustainability, coordinated dog vaccination programmes will be needed that have political support and that integrate public health, veterinary and livestock and animal welfare agencies. The implementation of an integrated “One health” approach appears as the key to a successful and sustainable rabies control programme.
The idea of this slide came from our discussion… I am not sure where it fits best yet. But I thought it would be good for you to have it anyway, if you want to play around with the presentation
WSPA – animal health , GARC public health will come together to deliver a cross border project in Marikina City and the Municipality of Cainta. Marikina has already made a serious commitment to reducing rabies, but their hard work is constantly threatened by the constant reintroduction of cases from neighbouring cities – this can be addressed through a cross border programme Our objective is elimination of rabies in 3 years and to have created a sustainable programme which will continue beyond the 3 years. And this can only be achieved if we have support from public health and livestock Provincial Government are supportive of this and have already committed funding for the three years and at the outset of the project GARC will bring on board relevant local agencies to ensure there is full community support for this programme