This document discusses the need for a One Health approach to address pandemics and zoonotic diseases at their human-animal-environment interface. It outlines seven major drivers of zoonotic disease emergence, including increased demand for animal protein and unsustainable agricultural intensification. At least one billion people are impacted by endemic livestock diseases each year. A One Health approach is necessary to prepare for, detect, prevent, and respond to pandemics and endemics through coordinated action and investment in health systems from the local to global levels. Science also has an important role to play in understanding disease transmission and developing universal vaccines.

1. Better lives through livestock
Animal health and animal welfare
(focus on One Health)
Jimmy Smith
Director General
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Advancing the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock
22 September 2020
Better lives through livestock

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The current crisis: COVID-19 pandemic

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Costs of emerging zoonoses and pandemics
Graphics: Annabel Slater, ILRI

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Warning! Increasing frequency of pandemics
Graphics: Annabel Slater, ILRI; adapted fromUnited Nations Environment Programme and International Livestock Research Institute (2020).
Preventing the Next Pandemic: Zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission. Nairobi, Kenya.

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Preventing the next pandemic
Seven major anthropogenic
drivers of zoonotic disease
emergence
1. Increasing demand for
animal protein
2. Unsustainable agricultural
intensification
3. Increased use and
exploitation of wildlife
4. Unsustainable utilization
of natural resources
5. Travel and transportation
6. Changes in food supply
chains
7. Climate change
United Nations Environment Programme and International Livestock Research Institute (2020). Preventing the Next
Pandemic: Zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission. Nairobi, Kenya.

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At least one billion people on the planet are also impacted because of
endemic livestock diseases
Over 1 billion people; two-thirds of rural livestock keepers are women; 40% agricultural GDP
Loss of animals; or their productivity impacts on multiple livelihood dimensions

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Pandemics and endemics: One Health approach needed
Prepare – detect – prevent – respond

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Prepare: invest in One Health
Detect: early detection

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Respond: the need for biological sciences in pandemics
 Understand viral populations:
 Smart molecular surveillance
 Whole genome sequencing
 Understand the process of infection:
 Molecular interactions that
permit host species jumps
 Identify potential animal
reservoirs of pandemics
 Develop universal vaccines to viral
families with pandemic potential to
control animal reservoirs
A 3-D model of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, developed by Annabel Slater, ILRI

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Respond: Minimize food-borne risks and hazards
Improve not prohibit
Enabling (regulatory)
environment
Training and simple
technology
Incentives
Fresh food markets all around the
world: 80% of the food for most people

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Respond: coordination and action at every level
(Figure 5, p26 World Bank. 2010. People, Pathogens and Our Planet. Volume 1: Towards a One Health Approach for Controlling Zoonotic Diseases. Report No. 50833-GLB)
From
grassroots…..to
ministries…to
regional and global

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Key messages
Human-animal-environment health are inextricably linked
A One Health approach is essential
Strong health systems mean coordination and action for:
- Preparedness
- Detection
- Prevention
- Response
Beware of reactions that don’t consider trade-offs:
- E.g. improve don’t close wet markets
Science has a key role, and must connect across all other stakeholders

13. THANK YOU