This document discusses quality control and quality assurance in construction. It provides definitions of quality control as ensuring products meet requirements and standards, while quality assurance ensures quality fulfillment through planned activities. The document outlines the history and importance of QC/QA for owners, contractors, and consultants. It also describes QC/QA plans, specifications including performance, prescriptive and proprietary types, and universal systems like ISO and Six Sigma which aim to reduce errors and improve processes.

1. QAULITY CONTROL
&
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Submitted by :
Mohamed Saber
Ahmed Hamdy
Ali Sharaf

2. HISTORY OF
QUALITY CONTROL
- End of the 13th century to the early 19th century
craftsmen across Europe
-Early 19th century, manufacturing in the
industrialized world starting with Great Britain
-In Early 20th Century after the united states entered
World war II

3. CONTINUE HISTORY OF
QUALITY CONTROL
- Quality revolution in Japan after world war II
- The turn of the New century

4. QUALITY CONTROL DEFINITION
It is the part of quality management that ensures
products and service and control specific properties
of materials to match with requirements and
standards to reduce the product variability

5. QUALITY ASSURANCE DEFINITIONS
The planned and systematic activities implemented
in a quality system so that quality requirements for
a product or service will be fulfilled, and it’s a
managerial process. Or the tests implemented to
assure that the products achieve the standard
specifications according to its acceptance and
rejection limits.

6. IMPORTANCE OF QC/QA IN THE
CONSTRUCTION FIELD
1-To the owner:
It guarantees his rights as the money spent on his
investment will return back as a high quality
Project
3-Contractor:
He makes a quality assurance and
management plan to assure that the work is done
according to the required specifications and ensure
that the quality of supplied materials exist in the
acceptance and rejection limits

7. CONTINUE IMPORTANCE OF QC/QA IN THE
CONSTRUCTION FIELD
2-Consultant :
-he creates the suitable design so he must assure
the design:
-fit the architectural design.
-Avoid any comments in the construction period.
-fit the general specifications of structural design.
-He has a quality control officer in the site that make
sure that the construction achieve the specifications
( general and detailed )

8. QC & QA PLAN
-A QA/QC plan is a fundamental element of a QA/QC
and verification system and its based on the
following principles :
•Timeliness
•Completeness
•Accuracy
•Transparency
• Improvement

9. SPECIFICATIONS
1- Definition:
“Specifications” is a general term applying to all
directions, rules and requirements for the
performance of the work and payment for the
Work

10. SPECIFICATIONS
2- Importance:
Well-written specifications inform the Contractor of
the work to be performed, the conditions and
restrictions on performance of the work, the
expected quality of the work, and the manner in
which the work will be measured for payment

11. SPECIFICATIONS
3- Characteristics:
- are clear and technically correct.
-do not use words that could lead to misunderstanding
- are written using simple words in short, easy to understand sentences.
- use technically correct terms, not slang or “field” words.
- avoid conflicting requirements.
- do not repeat requirements stated elsewhere in the Contract.
- do not explain or provide reasons for a requirement.
- In such phrases, “approved” and “accepted” are non-sense; there is no
difference in the responsibility taken by the Engineer

12. SPECIFICATIONS
4- Types of Specifications :
There are three main types of specifications which
are :
- Performance Specifications
- Prescriptive Specifications
- Proprietary Specification

13. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
A performance specification is a document that
specifies the operational requirements of a
component or installation. Simply put, a
performance specification tells the contractor what
the final installed product must be capable of doing

14. PRESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS
Prescriptive specifications transfer the
requirements of a project through a detailed
explanation of the materials that the contractor
must use, and the means of installing those
materials. Written into three main sections :
- -General
- - Products
- - Executions

15. PRESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS
General :
This section will typically contain references to
national/international standards, design
requirements, a list of required submittals from the
contractor to the architect/engineer
Products :
This section will describe, in detail, the various
products required for the task covered by the
specification along with the individual structural
and performance requirements of each product

16. PRESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS
Executions :
This section will explain how to prepare the
materials and conduct the installation, including
the testing requirements to be followed.

17. PROPRIETARY SPECIFICATION
It's a type of specifications that require the use of a
single approved product type for any particular
installation. Proprietary specifications are often
used in cases where there is existing equipment or
installations already on site.

18. THE UNIVERSAL QA/QC SYSTEMS
ISO
ISO International Standards ensure that products
and services are safe, reliable and of good quality.
For business, they are strategic tools that reduce
costs by minimizing waste and errors, and
increasing productivity

19. TYPES OF ISO IN CONSTRUCTION
ISO 9000 - Quality management
It includes :
ISO 9001:2008 - sets out the requirements of a quality
management system.
ISO 19011:2011 - sets out guidance on internal and
external audits of quality management systems
ISO 9004:2009 - focuses on how to make a quality
management system more efficient and effective.
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ISO13823:2008 - - General principles on the design of
structures for durability

20. THE UNIVERSAL QA/QC SYSTEMS
Six Sigma
Generally, Six Sigma is a problem-solving
methodology that helps enhance business and
organizational operations.
It was developed by Motorola in 1986
Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process
outputs by identifying and removing the causes of
defects (errors) and minimizing
variability in manufacturing and business processes

21. THE SIX SIGMA SCALE

22. THE BELL CURVE

23. SIX SIGMA BELTS
It uses a set of quality management methods,
including statistical methods, and creates a special
infrastructure of people within the organization to :
- reduce process cycle time
- reduce costs
- increase customer satisfaction
and increase profits

24. SIX SIGMA BELTS
-Master Black Belt
-Black Belt
-Green Belt
-Yellow Belt
-White Belt

25. Questions

26. Thanks for your Attention
Submitted by :
EngMohamed Saber
EngAhmed Hamdy
EngAli Sharaf