Ionic compounds: 1. Form crystals and conduct electricity when dissolved in water or molten but do not conduct in solid state. 2. Are hard, brittle, and have high melting and boiling points. 3. Are good electrical insulators. Covalent bonds: 1. Result from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms. 2. Occur when electron pairs are shared by atoms, as seen in single, double and triple bonds between similar or dissimilar atoms. 3. Differ from ionic bonds which form through the transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals.

1. Properties of
Ionic Compounds

2. What are the Properties of
Ionic Compounds?
1. Ionic compounds form crystals.
2.They conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water,
also molten ionic compounds (molten salts) also conduct
electricity.
3. They are hard and brittle
4. They have high melting points and boiling points.
5. They are good insulators.

3. Fun Fact:
Other features of ionic bonds:
• Soluble in water.
• They are compounds formed from
metals and non-metals.
• In a solid state they do not conduct
electricity. ...
• They contrast to the characteristics
of a covalent bond.

4. Covalent Bonds

5. What are covalent Bonds?
• Covalent bond, in
chemistry, the interatomic
linkage that results from the
sharing of an electron pair
between two atoms.
• Covalent bonding occurs
when pairs of electrons are
shared by atoms.

6. Ionic Bond vs. Covalent Bond
• Ionic bonds form when
a nonmetal and
a metal exchange electrons,
• Usually are formed between
a cation, which is usually
a metal, and an anion, which
is usually a nonmetal.
In contrast, atoms with the
same electronegativity share
electrons in covalent bonds,
because neither atom
preferentially attracts or repels
the shared electrons.

7. Ionic Bond vs. Covalent Bond

8. Single Covalent Bond
between similar Atoms
● A single covalent bond is when only one
pair of electrons is shared between atoms.

9. Double Covalent Bond
between similar Atoms
• A double covalent
bond is where two pairs
of electrons are shared
between the atoms
rather than just one pair

10. Triple Covalent Bond
between similar Atoms
• triple bond in chemistry is a chemical
bond between two atoms involving
six bonding electrons instead of the
usual two in a covalent single bond.

11. Before bonding, H is 1s1 and after bonding, H is 1s2 and
O 1s2 2s2 2p4 O 1s2 2s2 2p6
SINGLE COVALENT BOND
BETWEEN DIFFERENT ATOMS

12. Double Covalent bond between
dissimilar atoms
Before bonding C is 1s2 2s2 2p2 and O is 1s2 2s2 2p4
after bonding C is 1s2 2s2 2p6 and O is 1s2 2s2 2p6,
both are isoelectronic to Ne

13. Lone Pairs and Bond Pairs
Lone Pairs
● In chemistry, a lone pair refers to a pair of
valence electrons that are not shared with
another atom in a covalent bond and is
sometimes called an unshared pair or non-
bonding pair. Lone pairs are found in the
outermost electron shell of atoms.
Bond pair
A bond pair is a pair of electrons
that are in a bond. A single bond is
always composed of two electrons
that are paired with each other.

14. Thank you