1. Promotion involves informing, persuading, and influencing customers through integrated marketing communications. This includes advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, publicity, and public relations working together to deliver a unified message.
2. The promotional mix uses personal selling techniques like advertising and nonpersonal selling techniques to achieve objectives. Pricing strategies include profitability, volume, competition, prestige, and penetration objectives.
3. Firms consider customer perceptions that higher prices indicate higher quality when setting prices. Strategies include skimming, penetration, everyday low, competitive, and odd pricing.
On 20 and 21 November, 2017, AfricaSeeds and the Food and Agriculture Organization gathered representatives from 12 African countries to validate their newly developed set of tools to improve seed operations, the Seed Operations Toolkit. The Toolkit Module 5.2 elaborates on Seed marketing principles.
In these slides you will be able to know what is marketing and marketing functions and about various type of marketing functions like packaging, storage,processing, transportation, market information, financing, grading and standardization.
This PPT waz submitted to IIPM Delhi. Our group i.e. Mehfuz,Manish,Divyank,Shikha,Yuvaraj...
If one needs n e more ppts den contact on mefuz@yahoo.co.in
On 20 and 21 November, 2017, AfricaSeeds and the Food and Agriculture Organization gathered representatives from 12 African countries to validate their newly developed set of tools to improve seed operations, the Seed Operations Toolkit. The Toolkit Module 5.2 elaborates on Seed marketing principles.
In these slides you will be able to know what is marketing and marketing functions and about various type of marketing functions like packaging, storage,processing, transportation, market information, financing, grading and standardization.
This PPT waz submitted to IIPM Delhi. Our group i.e. Mehfuz,Manish,Divyank,Shikha,Yuvaraj...
If one needs n e more ppts den contact on mefuz@yahoo.co.in
Marketing systems are dynamic; they are competitive and involve continuous change and improvement. Businesses that have lower costs, are more efficient, and can deliver quality products, are those that prosper. Those that have high costs, fail to adapt to changes in market demand and provide poorer quality are often forced out of business.
slide share on promotion strategy how the promotion strategy works in selling out the products and how promotion activities are necessary to sell the more products and to increase the sale as well as profit of the company
Agricultural, Allied Products, Agro Processed Products, its
status in Indian Market. Emerging Issues in the business
Agriculture Produces.
Agriculture Marketing: Concept, Definition, Scope and
Objectives, Upcoming Practices in Agriculture Marketing.
Agribusiness-Emerging Branches, Non Conventional Forms
of Agribusiness, Retailing & Merchandising of Agri
Produces, Export Potential for farm products-Supporting
Services.
Role of Agencies for promotion of Exports of Agri Products,
Role of Agencies for marketing of Agri Products, Standards
of Agriculture Produces, Organized Retailing in Agri Inputs
and Outputs.
Marketing Mix of Agriculture Products, Role of Information
and Communication Technology in Agriculture Marketing.
A cooperative is an autonomous association of people united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled business.
Cooperative societies are voluntary associations started with the aim of service to members.
Cooperative marketing consist of two words ‘cooperative or cooperation’ and ‘marketing’.
It is also the marketing ‘for the farmers’ and ‘by the farmers’ that aim at eliminating the chain of functionaries operating between the farmers and the ultimate consumers and thus securing maximum price for the farmer’s produce.
According to RBI “Co-operative marketing is a co-operative association of cultivators formed primarily for the purpose of helping the members to market their produce more profitably than is possible through private trade.”
According to FAO ‘Co-operative Marketing is a system through which a group of farmers join together to carry on some or all the process involved in bringing goods to the consumer.”
Marketing systems are dynamic; they are competitive and involve continuous change and improvement. Businesses that have lower costs, are more efficient, and can deliver quality products, are those that prosper. Those that have high costs, fail to adapt to changes in market demand and provide poorer quality are often forced out of business.
slide share on promotion strategy how the promotion strategy works in selling out the products and how promotion activities are necessary to sell the more products and to increase the sale as well as profit of the company
Agricultural, Allied Products, Agro Processed Products, its
status in Indian Market. Emerging Issues in the business
Agriculture Produces.
Agriculture Marketing: Concept, Definition, Scope and
Objectives, Upcoming Practices in Agriculture Marketing.
Agribusiness-Emerging Branches, Non Conventional Forms
of Agribusiness, Retailing & Merchandising of Agri
Produces, Export Potential for farm products-Supporting
Services.
Role of Agencies for promotion of Exports of Agri Products,
Role of Agencies for marketing of Agri Products, Standards
of Agriculture Produces, Organized Retailing in Agri Inputs
and Outputs.
Marketing Mix of Agriculture Products, Role of Information
and Communication Technology in Agriculture Marketing.
A cooperative is an autonomous association of people united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled business.
Cooperative societies are voluntary associations started with the aim of service to members.
Cooperative marketing consist of two words ‘cooperative or cooperation’ and ‘marketing’.
It is also the marketing ‘for the farmers’ and ‘by the farmers’ that aim at eliminating the chain of functionaries operating between the farmers and the ultimate consumers and thus securing maximum price for the farmer’s produce.
According to RBI “Co-operative marketing is a co-operative association of cultivators formed primarily for the purpose of helping the members to market their produce more profitably than is possible through private trade.”
According to FAO ‘Co-operative Marketing is a system through which a group of farmers join together to carry on some or all the process involved in bringing goods to the consumer.”
SKIM has taken on the challenge of systematically measuring and comparing the effectiveness of 20+ types of promotions across 4 countries in Latin America, for two CPG product categories. To add a fundamental layer to our understanding of what works and doesn't work in LATAM markets, we aimed to identify key underlying behavioral economic principles driving the success of certain promotions.
The Metrics That Matter: How to Build Performance-Driven Inbound Marketing Ca...PR 20/20
(#INBOUND14 presentation) Measurement matters now more than ever. Marketing executives and business leaders are drowning in data. They have access to powerful tools that produce endless streams of information about contacts, including visitors, leads and customers. However, data without analysis is simply noise. In this presentation based on Paul Roetzer’s new book, The Marketing Performance Blueprint, you’ll learn how to align marketing KPIs with overall business goals, bring structure and meaning to numbers, and adapt campaign strategies in real time based on results (or lack thereof). Roetzer also will share a theoretical model showing what’s possible for the future of campaign and marketing performance management.
What is pricing and promotion strategies?
Promotional pricing strategy aims towards increasing brand awareness and attracting customers by offering massive discounts and deals. The market strategy creates a perception of time-based scarcity in the minds of the consumer
UNIT-9-MANAGING MASS AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION.pptetebarkhmichale
Invoice Finance
In Ethiopia, Ethio Lease is the first privately owned equipment leasing company with a license from the National Bank of Ethiopia. Ethio Lease provides its customers with carefully selected equipment on the basis of a lease contract, whereby the customer is the Lessee, who has a conditional right to use the equipment, and Ethio Lease is the Lessor, who buys and owns the equipment. If the equipment needs to be imported, Ethio Lease will buy the equipment abroad, using foreign currency from its parent company, AAFC. Ethio Lease customers can pay the lease fee in Ethiopian Birr. While leasing comes in many forms and shapes, for now the only form of leasing that the NBE will allow is a capital lease (aka “financial lease” or “full pay-out” lease). This Ethio Lease can be an alternative foe very few startups, it cannot be considered as a significant alternative for startups since most of them couldn’t fit it and it couldn’t be accessible enough.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. >>>>>>>>
Promotion and
Pricing Strategies
Prepared by
Mehul Rasadiya
K.K.Parekh Institute of Management of Studies
2. 5 Describe pushing and pulling
promotional strategies.
1 Discuss how integrated marketing
communications relates to a firm’s
overall promotion strategy. Outline the different types of
6
pricing strategies.
2 Explain promotional mix and
outline the objectives of promotion. Discuss how firms set prices in
7
the marketplace, and describe the
four alternative pricing strategies.
Summarize the different types of
3
advertising and advertising media.
8 Discuss consumer
perceptions of price.
Outline the roles of sales
4
promotion, personal selling, and
public relations.
3. • Promotion is the function of
informing, persuading, and influencing a
purchase decision.
• Integrated marketing communications
(IMC) is the coordination of all promotional
activities—media advertising, direct
mail, personal selling, sales promotion, and
public relations—to produce a unified
customer-focused message.
4. Must take a broad view and plan for all
form of customer contact.
Create unified personality and message
for the good, service, or brand.
Elements include personal
selling, advertising, sales
promotion, publicity, and public relations.
5. • Promotional mix - combination of personal and
nonpersonal selling techniques designed to achieve
promotional objectives.
• Personal selling - interpersonal promotional process
involving a seller’s face-to-face presentation to a
prospective buyer.
• Nonpersonal selling - advertising, sales
promotion, direct marketing, and public relations.
6.
7.
8. • Product placement - marketers pay placement fees
to have their products showcased in various
media, ranging from newspapers and magazines to
television and movies.
• Guerilla marketing - innovative, low-cost marketing
efforts designed to get consumers’ attention in
unusual ways.
9. • Advertising - paid nonpersonal communication
delivered through various media and designed
to inform, persuade, or remind members of a
particular audience.
• Consumers receive 5,000 marketing
messages each day.
• Firms need to be more and more creative and
efficient at getting consumers’ attention.
10. • Product advertising - messages designed to sell a
particular good or service.
• Institutional advertising - messages that promote
concepts, ideas, philosophies, or goodwill for
industries, companies, organizations, or government
entities.
• Cause advertising - institutional messaging that
promotes a specific viewpoint on a public issue as a
way to influence public opinion and the legislative
process.
11. • Informative advertising - used to build initial
demand for a product in the introductory phase.
• Persuasive advertising - attempts to improve the
competitive status of a product, institution, or
concept, usually in the growth and maturity stages.
• Comparative advertising - compares products
directly with their competitors either by name or by
inference.
• Reminder-oriented advertising - appears in the late
maturity or decline stages to maintain awareness of
the importance and usefulness of a product.
12.
13. Television Magazines
• Easiest way to reach a large • Consumer publications and trade
number of consumers. journals.
• Most expensive advertising • Can customize message for different
medium. areas of the country.
Newspapers Direct Mail
• Dominate local advertising. • Average American receives 550
• Relatively short life span. pieces annually
Radio • High per person cost, but can be
• Commuters in cars are a captive carefully targeted and highly
audience. effective.
• Satellite radio offers new Outdoor Advertising
opportunities. • $3.2 billion annually
• Requires brief messages.
14. Online and Interactive Advertising
• Viral advertising creates a message that is novel or entertaining
enough for consumers to forward it to others, spreading it like a
virus.
• Many consumers resent the intrusion of pop-up ads that
suddenly appear on their computer screen.
Sponsorship
• Providing funds for a sporting or cultural event in exchange for a
direct association with the event.
• Benefits: exposure to target audience and association with
image of the event.
Other Media Options
• Marketers look for novel ways to reach customers:
infomercials, ATM receipts, directory advertising.
15. Sales promotion - nonpersonal
marketing activities other than
advertising, personal selling, and
public relations that stimulate
consumer purchasing
and dealer effectiveness.
16. Premiums, Coupons, Rebates, Samples
• Coupons attract new customers but focus on price rather than
brand loyalty.
• Rebates increase purchase rates, promote multiple
purchases, and reward product users.
• Three of every four consumers who receive a sample will try it.
Games, Contests, and Sweepstakes
• Introduction of new products.
• Subject to legal restrictions.
Specialty Advertising
• Gift of useful merchandise carrying the name, logo, or slogan
of an organization.
17.
18. • A person-to-person promotional presentation to a
potential buyer.
– Customers are relatively few in number and
geographically concentrated.
– The product is technically complex, involves trade-
ins, and requires special handling.
– The product carries a relatively high price.
– It moves through direct-distribution channels.
• Example: Selling to the government or
military.
19. Order Processing
• Identifying customer needs, pointing out merchandise to meet
them, and processing the order.
Creative Selling
• Promoting a good or service whose benefits are not readily
apparent or whose purchase decision requires a close analysis
of alternatives.
Missionary Selling
• Representative promotes goodwill for a company or provides
technical or operational assistance to the customer.
Telemarketing
• Personal selling conducted by telephone; regulated by the
Federal Trade Commission’s 1996 Telemarketing Sales Rule.
20.
21. • A good salesperson varies the sales
process based on customers’ needs and
responses.
• Prospecting - identifying potential
customers.
• Qualifying - identifying potential
customers.
• Approaching - analyzing available data
about a prospective customer’s product
lines and other pertinent information.
22. • Presentation Salespeople
communicate promotional messages.
They may describe the major features
of their products, highlight
the advantages, and cite examples of
satisfied consumers.
• Demonstration Reinforces the
message that the salesperson has
been communicating.
23. • Use objections as an opportunity to
answer questions and explain how the
product will benefit the customer.
• The closing is the critical point in the
sales process.
• Even if the sale is not made, the
salesperson should regard the
interaction as the beginning
of a potential relationship.
24. • An important part of building a
long-lasting relationship.
• May determine whether the
customer will make another
purchase.
25. • Public relations - a public organization’s
communications and relationships with its various
audiences.
– Helps a firm establish awareness of goods and services and
builds a positive image of them.
• Publicity - stimulation of demand for a
good, service, place, idea, person, or organization
by disseminating news or obtaining favorable
unpaid media presentations.
– Good publicity can promote a firm’s positive image.
– Negative publicity can cause problems.
26. • Pushing strategy - relies on personal selling to market an item
to wholesalers and retailers in a company’s distribution
channels.
– Companies promote the product to members of the marketing
channel, not to end users.
• Pulling strategy - promote a product by generating consumer
demand for it, primarily through advertising and sales promotion
appeals.
– Potential buyers will request that their suppliers—retailers or local
distributors—carry the product, thereby pulling it through the
distribution channel.
• Most marketing situations require combinations of push
and pull strategies
27.
28. Profitability Objectives
• Maximize profits by reducing costs.
• Maintain price while reducing package size.
Volume Objectives
• Base pricing decisions on market share goals.
Pricing to Meet Competition
• Meeting competitors’ price.
• Competitors cannot legally work together to set prices.
• Competition can result in a price war.
29. Prestige Objectives
• Establishing a relatively high price
to develop and maintain an image
of quality and exclusiveness.
• Recognition of the role of price in
communicating an overall image
for the firm and its products.
• Pricing is influenced by people in
different areas of a company.
30. Breakeven analysis -pricing technique used to determine the
minimum sales volume a product must generate at a certain
price level to cover all costs.
31.
32. Skimming Pricing
• Setting an intentionally high price relative to the prices of competing products.
• Helps marketers set a price that distinguishes a firm’s high-end product from
those of competitors.
Penetration Pricing
• Setting a low price as a major marketing weapon.
• Often used with new products.
Everyday Low Pricing and Discount Pricing
• Maintaining continuous low prices.
• Discount pricing - attracting customers by dropping prices for a set period of time.
Competitive Pricing
• Reducing the emphasis on price competition by matching other firms’ prices.
• Concentrating marketing efforts on the product, distribution, and promotional
elements of the marketing mix.
33. Price-Quality Relationships
• Consumers’ perceptions of quality closely
tied to price.
• High price = prestige and higher quality.
• Low price = less prestige and lower quality.
Odd Pricing
• Setting prices in uneven amounts or
amounts that sound less than they really
are.
– Example: $1.99 or $299.