There are two main types of projections: perspective and parallel. In perspective projection, lines converge to a single point called the center of projection, creating the illusion of depth. In parallel projection, lines remain parallel as they are projected onto the view plane. Perspective projection is more realistic but parallel projection preserves proportions. Perspective projections can be one-point, two-point, or three-point depending on the number of principal vanishing points. Orthographic projections use perpendicular lines while oblique projections are at an angle. Common parallel projections include isometric, dimetric, trimetric, cavalier and cabinet views.
with today's advanced technology like photoshop, paint etc. we need to understand some basic concepts like how they are cropping the image , tilt the image etc.
In our presentation you will find basic introduction of 2D transformation.
Comprehensive coverage of fundamentals of computer graphics.
3D Transformations
Reflections
3D Display methods
3D Object Representation
Polygon surfaces
Quadratic Surfaces
An illumination model, also called a lighting model and sometimes referred to as a shading model, is used to calculate the intensity of light that we should see at a given point on the surface of an object.
Transformation:
Transformations are a fundamental part of the computer graphics. Transformations are the movement of the object in Cartesian plane.
Types of transformation
Why we use transformation
3D Transformation
3D Translation
3D Rotation
3D Scaling
3D Reflection
3D Shearing
All the information regarding 3D viewing is here. The whole presentation consists mainly of 3D viewing pipeline. This slide will make you clear about how one can have a 3d viewing of an object.
with today's advanced technology like photoshop, paint etc. we need to understand some basic concepts like how they are cropping the image , tilt the image etc.
In our presentation you will find basic introduction of 2D transformation.
Comprehensive coverage of fundamentals of computer graphics.
3D Transformations
Reflections
3D Display methods
3D Object Representation
Polygon surfaces
Quadratic Surfaces
An illumination model, also called a lighting model and sometimes referred to as a shading model, is used to calculate the intensity of light that we should see at a given point on the surface of an object.
Transformation:
Transformations are a fundamental part of the computer graphics. Transformations are the movement of the object in Cartesian plane.
Types of transformation
Why we use transformation
3D Transformation
3D Translation
3D Rotation
3D Scaling
3D Reflection
3D Shearing
All the information regarding 3D viewing is here. The whole presentation consists mainly of 3D viewing pipeline. This slide will make you clear about how one can have a 3d viewing of an object.
Computer Graphics and its applications, Elements of a Graphics, Graphics Systems: Video Display Devices, Raster Scan Systems, Random Scan Systems, Input devices.
: Introduction of Rendering, Raytracing, Antialiasing, Fractals
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This is an introduction to 2D and 3 in computer graphics presented by daroko blog.
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer relate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
In parallel projection, coordinate positions are
transformed to the view plane along parallel lines.
In perspective projection, object position are
transformed to the view plane along lines that
converge to a point called projection reference point
(center of projection)
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. Transform 3D objects on to a 2D plane using
projections
2 types of projections
Perspective
Parallel
In parallel projection, coordinate positions are
transformed to the view plane along parallel lines.
In perspective projection, object position are
transformed to the view plane along lines that
converge to a point called projection reference point
(center of projection)
2
5. PROJECTIONS
PARALLEL
PERSPECTIVE
(parallel projectors)
(converging projectors)
One point
Orthographic Oblique
(one principal
(projectors perpendicular (projectors not perpendicular to vanishing point)
to view plane) view plane)
Two point
General (Two principal
Multiview Axonometric vanishing point)
(view plane parallel (view plane not parallel to Cavalier
to principal planes) principal planes)
Three point
(Three principal
vanishing point)
Cabinet
Isometric Dimetric Trimetric
5
6. Perspective v Parallel
• Perspective:
– visual effect is similar to human visual system...
– has 'perspective foreshortening'
• size of object varies inversely with distance from the center of
projection. Projection of a distant object are smaller than the
projection of objects of the same size that are closer to the
projection plane.
• Parallel:
It preserves relative proportion of object.
– less realistic view because of no foreshortening
– however, parallel lines remain parallel.
6
7. Perspective Projections
• Characteristics:
• Center of Projection (CP) is a finite distance from object
• Projectors are rays (i.e., non-parallel)
• Vanishing points
• Objects appear smaller as distance from CP (eye of observer)
increases
• Difficult to determine exact size and shape of object
• Most realistic, difficult to execute
7
8. • When a 3D object is projected onto view plane using
perspective transformation equations, any set of parallel lines
in the object that are not parallel to the projection plane,
converge at a vanishing point.
– There are an infinite number of vanishing points,
depending on how many set of parallel lines there are in
the scene.
• If a set of lines are parallel to one of the three principle axes,
the vanishing point is called an principal vanishing point.
– There are at most 3 such points, corresponding to the
number of axes cut by the projection plane.
8
9. Vanishing points
• Certain set of parallel lines appear to meet at a different point
– The Vanishing point for this direction
• Principal vanishing points are formed by the apparent
intersection of lines parallel to one of the three principal x, y, z
axes.
• The number of principal vanishing points is determined by the
number of principal axes intersected by the view plane.
• Sets of parallel lines on the same plane lead to collinear
vanishing points.
– The line is called the horizon for that plane
9
13. Three-point perspective projection
• Three-point perspective projection is used less
frequently as it adds little extra realism to that
offered by two-point perspective projection
13
14. Parallel Projections
• We can define a parallel projection with a projection vector that
defines the direction for the projection lines.
2 types:
• Orthographic : when the projection is perpendicular to the view
plane. In short,
– direction of projection = normal to the projection plane.
– the projection is perpendicular to the view plane.
• Oblique : when the projection is not perpendicular to the view
plane. In short,
– direction of projection normal to the projection plane.
– Not perpendicular.
14
15. • Orthographic projection Oblique projection
when the projection is when the projection is not
perpendicular to the view perpendicular to the view
plane plane
15
16. Orthographic (or orthogonal) projections:
– Front, side and rear orthographic projection of an object are
called elevations and the top orthographic projection is called
plan view.
– all have projection plane perpendicular to a principle axes.
– Here length and angles are accurately depicted and measured
from the drawing, so engineering and architectural drawings
commonly employee this.
• However, As only one face of an object is shown, it can be hard to
create a mental image of the object, even when several views are
available.
16
18. Axonometric orthographic projections
• Orthographic projections that show more than one face of an
object are called axonometric orthographic projections.
•
The most common axonometric
projection is an isometric
projection where the projection
plane intersects each coordinate
axis in the model coordinate
system at an equal distance.
18
19. • 2 common oblique parallel projections:
Cavalier and Cabinet
Cavalier projection:
All lines perpendicular to the projection plane are projected with
no change in length.
19
20. Cabinet projection:
– Lines which are perpendicular to the projection plane
(viewing surface) are projected at 1 / 2 the length .
– This results in foreshortening of the z axis, and
provides a more “realistic” view.
20