Presentation by two persons (Garima Joshi & Vinay Prajapati) for Subject Computer Integrated Manufacturing at NIFT.

1. Software for Critical Path
in PERT Chart (Network Diagram) or Gantt Chart
Presented to Presented by
Mr Amar Tiwari Garima Joshi
Associate Professor Vinay Prajapati
NIFT, Gandhinagar MFTech, Sem-III
NIFT, Gandhinagar

2. Network
Diagram
Task Node
D=4
2 5
A=1 H=6
E=5
B=2 F=4 J=3
1 3 6 8
I=2
C=3
4 7
G=6
Task Duration

3. PERT Chart
Background
∞PERT stands for Program Evaluation & Review
Technique.
∞PERT chart is a task and event oriented
technique.
∞PERT was developed by consultants at Booz
Allen Hamilton for the U.S. Navy in 1957 to
support the development of missile programs.

4. PERT Chart
Uses
∞To plan, analyze and coordinate tasks within a
project.
∞PERT is used in projects where time rather
than cost is the major consideration.
∞Useful for organizing tasks and establishing
time frames, and for showing tasks that
depend on other tasks.

5. PERT Chart
Merits
∞Gives a clear way of representing the
dependencies and order of work/tasks to be
completed.
∞PERT is helpful to plan what tasks can go on
simultaneously to reduce time.
∞Allows identification of the critical path and the
minimum time needed to complete the total
project.
∞Provides for potentially reduced project duration
due to better understanding of dependencies.

6. Project
Network
∞ Activity-on-node (AON)
- Nodes represent activities, and
arrows show precedence Node
relationships
∞ Activity-on-arrow (AOA)
- Arrows represent activities and 1 2 3
nodes are events for points in
time
∞ Event Branch
- Completion or beginning of an
activity in a project

7. Critical
Path
Definition The longest path through a
PERT chart/Network diagram
and determines the shortest
time to complete the project

8. Slack/
Float
The amount of time an activity can be
TOTAL SLACK delayed without delaying the project
end date
The amount of time an activity can be
FREE SLACK delayed without delaying the early start
date of its successor(s)
PROJECT SLACK The amount of time a Project can be
delayed without delaying the externally
imposed project completion date
required by the customer

9. Slack/Float
Calculation
Forward
ES EF Pass
Slack/Float
Backward LS LF
Pass
ES: Early Start Slack/Float= LS-ES
LS: Late Start Slack/Float= EF-LF
EF: Early Finish
LF: Late Finish

10. Critical Path
Example
D=4
2 5
A=1 H=6
E=5
B=2 F=4 J=3
1 3 6 8
I=2
C=3
4 7
G=6
Path 1: A-D-H-J Length=1+4+6+3=14 day Since the critical path is the longest path
Path 2: B-E-H-J Length=2+5+6+3=16 day through the network diagram, Path 2,
Path 3: B-F-J Length=2+4+3=9 day B-E-H-J, is the critical path.
Path 4: C-G-I-J Length=3+6+2+3=14 day

11. Gantt
Chart
Important events
of zero duration

12. Gantt Chart
Background
∞A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of
the duration of tasks against the progression
of time.
∞A Gantt chart is a useful tool for planning and
scheduling projects.
∞The chart is named after Henry Gantt, who
developed it between1910 and1915.

13. Gantt Chart
Uses
∞A Gantt Chart helps to visualize and plan project
tasks with start and finish dates.
∞ A Gantt chart is helpful when monitoring a project's
progress.
∞Gantt Charts are able to show the dependency
relationships between tasks, the critical path, and
the current completion status.

14. Gantt Chart
Merits
∞Gives a clear way of representing the
dependencies and order of work/tasks to be
completed.
∞Gantt is helpful to plan what tasks can go on
simultaneously to reduce time.
∞Allows identification of the critical path and the
minimum time needed to complete the total
project.
∞Allows both planning and monitoring/control.

15. Task
Dependencies

16. Gantt Chart
Example
Sample Work Breakdown Structure
Immediate
Activity Duration Predecessor
A 14 Start of Project
B 3 Start of Project
14
C 3 A,B
Task A D 7 B
3 E 4 C,D
Task B F 10 E
3
Task C
7
31
Task D 4
Task E 10
Task F . . . . . . . . .
Time

17. Microsoft
Project 2010

18. Setup
MS Project 2010
∞ Select File, Options, click on “Schedule” tab
∞ For Calendar options for this project: “Select “All New
Projects”
∞ For Scheduling options for this project: select “All New
Projects”
∞ For New Tasks Created: select “Auto Scheduled”
∞ For Duration is entered in: select “weeks”
∞ For default task type: select “fixed duration”
∞ Make sure New tasks are effort driven is NOT checked
∞ Click OK when finished

19. Setup
MS Project 2010

20. Creating
First Project
∞ Click on Project, Project Information, select
10/3/11 as the Start date, click OK
∞ Click on Save as, type in project name such as
Demo, click OK
∞ Your project is saved as Project1.mpp

21. Creating
First Project

22. Example
Project
Task, Duration, and Immediate Predecessor Information for Construction Project
IMMEDIATE DURATION
TASK DESCRIPTION PREDECESSORS (WEEKS)
1 START -- 0
2 Excavate and Pour Footers 1 3
3 Pour Concrete Foundation 2 1
4 Erect Rough Wall & Roof 3 4
5 Install Siding 4 6
6 Install Plumbing 4 3
7 Install Electrical 4 4
8 Install Wallboard 6,7 5
9 Lay Flooring 8 6
10 Do Interior Painting 8 3
11 Install Interior Fixtures 9,10 3
12 Install Gutters & Downspouts 5 2
13 Do Grading & Landscaping 12 3
14 FINISH 11,13 0

23. Entering
Task Information
∞ Default view, Entry table on left, Gantt Chart on right
∞ You can delete the two left-most columns, “i” and “task
mode” by highlighting these columns and pressing the
“delete” key (not needed by us)
- Task numbers now in left-most column
∞ Enter task name and duration in their field
- The default is weeks or “w”
- “d” for days and “h” for hours can be used
∞ Enter predecessor task number(s) in the “Predecessors”
field
∞ MS Project automatically gives start and finish dates based
on critical path analysis

24. Entering
Task Information

25. Task
Information
Double-clicking on a task name opens the Task Information” screen

26. Project
Charts
∞ The Gantt Chart view shows task linkages
- Since START and FINISH are dummy activities with 0
duration, they are milestones in MS Project (black
diamonds)
- Right-click on dates in the chart and then “zoom” as
desired
∞ Change view to Network Diagram by clicking on
“View” in the menu and then select “Network
Diagram” (zoom as desired)

27. Gantt
Chart

28. Network
Diagram

29. Analysis
Critical Path
∞ MS Project 2010 automatically computes the
critical path and the earliest and latest start and
finish times and slack
∞ Project, Project Information, Statistics shows the
critical path is 26 weeks in our project

30. Length
Critical Path

31. Analysis
Critical Path
∞ Use the “Detail Gantt” to best display the critical
path
- Select “View”, “Other Views”, “More Views”, “Detail
Gantt” then “Apply”
∞ Use the “Schedule Table” to display all of the early
and late start and finish information, along with
total and free slack
- Again from “View”, select “Table”, and then
“Schedule”

32. Schedule Table
& Detailed Gantt

33. Analysis
Critical Path
∞ Critical path tasks can be identified as those have zero
total slack (TS) or float
- TS = LF – EF = LS – ES
- The TS of only 1 task can be used if we want to be certain
about not delaying the project
∞ Free slack (FS) of a task is the difference between the
smallest of the ES’s of the task’s immediate successors
and the task’s EF.
- Using FS does not affect the start times of a task’s
successors
- FS <= TS
- FS of multiple tasks can be used without delaying the
project
∞ FS is shown on the Detail Gantt

34. Analysis
Critical Path
∞ Notice that tasks 12 and 13 both have 7 weeks of total
slack
∞ However, if task 12 uses this slack, it is not available to task
13, so its slack is not free
- Tasks 12 and 13 are linked, so delaying the start of 12 delays
the start of 13 by the same amount

35. Summary
Tasks
∞ Summary tasks can be used to better organize a
project (see constructions.mpp)
∞ We add three summary tasks: Structure, Interior,
and Exterior
∞ Structure includes current tasks 2 – 4, Interior
includes 6 – 11, Exterior includes 5, 12, 13
∞ Example: highlight “Excavate and Pour Footers,” click
on “Tasks”, click on” Summary,” enter “Structure”
- Indent first three tasks under “Structure” by
highlighting them and selecting “indent” (thick green
arrow going to the right)

36. Creating
Summary Tasks

37. Video
Tutorials
Introduction to Microsoft Project 2010 Part 1 of 2 [OPEN]
Introduction to Microsoft Project 2010 Part 2 of 2 [OPEN]
Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - Creating a Project [OPEN]
Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - The Workspace - Part 1 [OPEN]
Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - The Workspace - Part 2 [OPEN]
Microsoft Project 2010 Video Training Tutorial - Tracking Costs [OPEN]
Project 2010 - Create a Project Plan [OPEN]
Tour of the Microsoft Project 2010 Interface [OPEN]

38. Thank You!