Process control 5 chapter

Process Line Diagrams,
Symbols and Standards
19AEI-406.66

29AEI-406.66 2
General Instruments
• General instruments can be represented in a circle
called balloon.
• Inside the balloon will be a code.
• Code gives the information regarding the function and
nature of the device.

39AEI-406.66 3
1. Instrument - Locally mounted
2. Instrument - At control centre
3. Instrument - Bifunctional / Two services
4. Instrument - Transmitting

49AEI-406.66
Level Meters Flow Meters

59AEI-406.66
Flow measuring Instruments Symbols

139AEI-406.66
Symbols for Different types of
Transmitters
S.No: Name of the Transmitter Symbol
1 Pressure transmitter
2 Flow transmitter
3 Level transmitter
PT
FT
LT
∫
∫

159AEI-406.67
Valve
Control valve
Manual valve
Basic Symbols for Different types of Control
Valves

169AEI-406.67 16
Back draft damper
Needle valve
Butterfly valve
Valves

179AEI-406.67 17
Diaphragm valve
Ball valve
Valves

189AEI-406.67 18
S. No Name of the valve
1 Electrically operated control
valve
symbol
2.Hydraulically operated
control valve
Valves

199AEI-406.67 19
3 Pneumatically
operated control valve
4 Safety valve
5 Self actuating
valve

209AEI-406.67
Different valve symbols

239AEI-406.67 23
S.No Name of the controller symbol
1. Pneumatic flow controller ∫ // //
2. Pneumatic pressure controller ∫ // //
3. Electronic flow controller ∫
4. Level controller
FC
PC
FC
LC

259AEI-406.68 25
Line Diagrams
• Electric line
• Pneumatic line
• Hydraulic line
• Capillary line
• Fluid pressure line

269AEI-406.68 26
• Process line
• Point of measurement
• Orifice installed line
• Sonic or U V radiation
• Undefined signal line
Line Diagrams

279AEI-406.68
• Electro magnetic or sonic signal
• Internal system links
• Mechanical link
• Electric binary signal ------------------
• Pneumatic binary signal
Line Diagrams

AEI-504.7029
Procedures &Instructions
• For combination instruments that measured more than
one kind of variable or that provide more than one kind
of function, each portion of the combination shall have its
own Identification.
• The Instrument or equipment common to two processes
shall utilize both identification. For example, a
combination recorder for flow and pressure would be
PR-1 & FR-5.

AEI-504.7030
• Multiple or point instruments with all points of same
general service, and all providing the same functions,
shall have one identification.
• The separate elements and their components shall be
identified by suffix numbers added to the number of the
item. Ex: TR-1-1, TR-1-2 etc.

AEI-504.7031
• For remote transmission instruments both the receiver
and the transmitter shall have the same identification , in
agreement with over all service and function of the item.
• Each control valve shall have the identification as the
control instrument by which it is activated.
• When more than one valve is activated by the same
controller ,they shall be identified by suffix letters added
to the number of the item.
Ex : TRC-1a,TRC-1b etc.

AEI-504.7032
• Where Accessories such as
• valve Positioners
• air sets
• switches
relays etc., requires identification, they shall be
assigned the same identification as the instrument
to which they connect or with which they are used.

AEI-504.7033
• Primary measuring elements shall be assigned the same
identifications as the instruments to which they connect.
• Where an element does not connect to any instrument ,
such isolated item shall be assigned separate primary
element identification.

9AEI-406.7134
P&I DIAGRAM
• A standard form and set of symbols are used in the
preparation of drawings of process control systems
• The drawing is often referred to as piping &
instrumentation ( P & I ) drawing
• The diagram is called as P&I diagram

9AEI-406.7135
• The P&ID are definitive and comprehensive diagrams
showing all of the equipment, piping, valves and
instrumentation.
• All items must be identified using a standard numbering
system.
• The number should include a size, material and fluid
contents.

9AEI-406.7136
• P & ID is a detailed graphical representation of a process
including the hardware and software
(ex: piping, equipment, instrumentation) necessary to
design, construct and operate the facility

9AEI-406.7137
Use of letter code in identification of
instruments
The following rules and instructions are used in use of
letter code for identification of instruments.
• Letters of English alphabet are used in letter code.
• All identifying letters shall in all cases be written in
upper case.

9AEI-406.7138
• The maximum number of identifying letters in any
combination shall be three. The only exception is in the
use of PH
or chemical symbols such co2 pair is treated as
a single letter.
• A letter shall have only one identification or significance in
its use as a “first” letter in any combination to define the
process variable.

9AEI-406.7139
• A letter shall have only one definition or significance when
used as either the “second” or the “third” letter in
combination to defined type of device.
• No hyphens shall be used between letter or combinations
of letters.
• Use of letter codes and their significance of first, second or
third place can be easily understand by the given table.

9AEI-406.7140
TABLE
Meanings of Identification Letters
Identificati
on Letters
First Place
(Measured or
Initiating
Variable)
Second Place
(Read out or
Passive
function)
Third Place
(Output
function)
A Analysis Alarm -
B Burner, flame User 's choice User's choice
C Conductivity -
control /
controller

9AEI-406.7141
E Voltage
Primary element
(sensor) -
F Flow rate/ Flow -
-
G Gaging
Glass, viewing
device -
H Hand (manually Initiated) -
-
I Current
Indicate/ Indicator /
Indicating -
D
Density or specific
gravity
-
-

9AEI-406.7142
J Power - -
K Time - control Station
L Level Light -
M Moisture - -
N User's choice User 's choice User's choice
O User's choice Orifice / Restriction -
P
Pressure or
vacuum
Point / Test
connection
-
Q Quantity - -

9AEI-406.7143
R
Radiation/Ratio /
Radioactivity
Record/Recording/Re
corder
-
S
Speed or
frequency
- Switch
T Temperature -
Transmit /
Transmitter /
Transmitting
U Multivariable Multifunction -

9AEI-406.7144
V Vibration / Viscosity Valve/ Damper -
W Weight, Force Well -
Y
Event
/State/Presence
Relay /compute/
convert
-
Z Position, Dimension
Driver, Actuator,
(Final Control
Element)

9AEI-406.7145
EXAMPLES
S.NO TAG NAME NAME OF THE INSTRUMENT
1 PA PRESSURE ALARM
2 SR SPEED RECORDER
3 FE FLOW SENSOR
4 TI TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
5 TW TEMPERATRE WELL
6 FT FLOW TRANSMITTER

9AEI-406.7146
S.NO TAG NAME NAME OF THE INSTRUMENT
1 PIC PRESSURE INDICATING CONTROLER
2 HCV HAND CONTROLLED VALVE
3 PCV PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE
Note: Generally the second letter represents read out /
passive function followed by out put function letter. But the
exception is that the output letter C (control) precedes the
out put letter V (valve)
E.g.. HCV, PCV

9AEI-406.7248
• The Indian standards Institution (ISI) was set up in 1947
after independence as a registered society under a Govt
of India resolution .
• Due to fast changing socio-economic scenario Govt
recognized the need for strengthening the activities of ISI
and changed the name as BIS (Bureau of Indian
standards) on 1st
April 1987
History

9AEI-406.7249
Objectives of Bureau of Indian Standards
• Development of standardization, marking and quality
certification (By checking incoming raw material and
outgoing finished products at different levels of
production)
• To provide new thrust to standardization and quality
Control

9AEI-406.7250
Objectives of Bureau of Indian Standards…
• To evolve a national strategy for according recognition to
standards and integrating them with growth and development of
production and exports.

9AEI-406.7251
• In BIS the ISI mark gives guarantee to the purchaser that
the goods with this mark have been manufactured under a
well defined system of quality control.
Importance

9AEI-406.7252
Some of BIS standards
• IS QC 440000: 1994
Thermistors –General specifications
• IS 12762 : Part1 : 1989
Measurement of photovoltaic current voltage
Characteristics

9AEI-406.7253
• IS 6804 : 1972
Glass electrodes for direct reading PH meters
• IS 7358 : 1984
Specifications for thermocouple
Some of BIS standards cont….

9AEI 504.7355
American National Standard Institute
(ANSI)
• American National Standard Institute abbreviated as ANSI
• It is a private non profit organization.
• It oversees the development of standards for products,
processes, systems & personnel in the united states.

9AEI 504.7357
ANSI Membership Comprises of
• Govt offices
• Organizations
• Corporations
• Academic & international bodies & Individuals

9AEI 504.7358
• The institute represents the interest of more than
1,25,000 companies & 3.5 million professionals.
• ANSI actively engaged in programmes like
ISO 9000 ( Quality )
ISO 14,000 ( Environment )

9AEI 504.7359
• ANSI is the official U.S representative to International
Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
• ANSI is also member of the International Accreditation Forum
(IAF).

9AEI 504.7360
Document No Document File
C37.1-1994 IEEE standard definition, specification &
analysis of systems used for
supervisory control, Data Acquisition &
automatic control
C39.4-1966 Specification for Automatic Null
balancing Electrical measuring
Instruments
C42.100-1972 Directory of Electrical & Electronics
C39.2-1964 Direct Acting Electrical Recording
Instruments
Publications of ANSI

9AEI-504.7461
British Standard Institution
• British Standard Institution abbreviated as BSI
• It is worlds first national standard organization
• It serves the interest of a wide range of industry sectors
as well as governments ,consumers, employees and
society

9AEI-504.7462
• British standard is the UK’s National standards Body (NSB).
• There are over 27,000 current British Standards available.
• Every year nearly 1700 standards are revised or newly
developed by BSI.
• BSI is raising standard over 100 countries world wide.

9AEI-504.7464
BSI provides the following Standards also:
• ISO 9001(Quality)
• ISO 14001(Environmental )
• OHSA5 18001(Occupational Health &Safety )

9AEI-504.7465
• BSEN 60584-3 : 2008
Thermocouples (extension & compensating cables).
• BSEN 60770-1
Transmitters for use in industrial process control system.
Some of the standards of BSI:

9AEI-504.7566
• ISA is an organization of engineers, technicians & others
who work in the field of Instrumentation, measurement&
control of Industrial Processes.
• ISA is a non profit organization that helps its 30,000
world wide members to solve difficult technical problems.
• It was founded in 1945
Instrumentation system & Automation society

9AEI-504.7568
Instrumentation, system & Automation society
• ISA
• Develops Standards
• Certify industry professionals
• Provides Education & Training
• Publishes books & Technical Articles

9AEI-504.7569
• ISA involves in
• Design
• Development
• Production & Application of Devices

9AEI-504.7570
S.no. Name of the
standard
Description
01 ISA-5.1 Instrumentation symbols &
Identification
02 ISA-5.3 Graphic symbols for distributed
control
03 ISA-5.4 Instrument loop diagram
04 ISA-5.5 Graphic symbols for process
display
05 ISA-5.20 Standards for Industrial
Automation & control
06 ISA-75 Control valve standards
Some of the Standards of ISA

9AEI-504.7571
DIN
• DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardization
is the German national organization for standardization
and is that country's ISO member body.

9AEI-504.7573
• DIN is a registered association founded in 1917,
originally as Normenausschuss der deutschen Industries
(NADI, Standardization Committee of German Industry).
• In 1926 the NADI was renamed Deutscher
Normenausschuss (DNA, German Standardization
Committee) in order to indicate that standardization now
covered many fields, not just industrial products.

9AEI-504.7574
• In 1975 the DNA was finally renamed DIN.
• Its headquarters is in Berlin.
• Since 1975 it has been recognized by the German
government as the national standards body and
represents German interests at international and
European level.

9AEI-504.7575
List of DIN standards
• DIN 476: international paper sizes (now ISO 216 or DIN
EN ISO 216).
• DIN 946: Determination of coefficient of friction of
bolt/nut assemblies under specified conditions.
• DIN 1451: typeface used by German railways and on
traffic signs.
• DIN 31635: transliteration of the Arabic language.
• DIN 72552: electric terminal numbers in automobiles.

Process control 5 chapter

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Process control 5 chapter