This document provides an overview of preventive dentistry and strategies for preventing dental diseases. It discusses primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention approaches at the individual, community, and dental professional levels. Key methods covered include fluoridation, dental sealants, diet counseling, oral hygiene instruction, and plaque control techniques like toothbrushing and flossing. The modes of action for fluoride and objectives of oral hygiene are also summarized.
This presentation features the various measures which can be undertaken to prevent pit and fissure caries to develop i an otherwise healthy oral environment. The use of pit and fissure sealants is emphasised in case of deep pits and fissures.
This presentation features the various measures which can be undertaken to prevent pit and fissure caries to develop i an otherwise healthy oral environment. The use of pit and fissure sealants is emphasised in case of deep pits and fissures.
Plaque Control is the most essential step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment.
Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
3.
Prevention is better than cure .
Prevention is cheaper than cure .
Prevention of a disease is greater good
in life than its cure .
4. Preventive Dentistry
It is a philosophy of dentistry .
It comprises the various procedures used by dentists ,
dental hygienists , nurses , teacher and others to
develop scientific oral health knowledge and habits .
It consists of prevention of ;
1- initiation of diseases( Primary Prevention).
2- disease progression and recurrence
( Secondary Prevention ) .
3- loss of function ( Tertiary Prevention ) .
5. Objectives of Preventive Dentistry
Prevent factors which predispose to disease .
Prevent the disease itself .
Prevent factors evoke more severe
manifestation of acute diseases .
Prevent factors which tend to maintain
disease in a chronic state .
6.
Prevent the complications of the disease .
Prevent the sequelae of disease , both local
and systemic .
Prevent factors which interfere with
rehabilitation.
7. Preventive Dentistry Services
( ( Levels of Prevention
Primary Prevention : occurs in the prepathogenic
period ( True prevention ) .
Secondary Prevention :
- occurs in the early period of pathogenesis .
- involves early diagnosis and prompt treatment .
Tertiary Prevention :
- occurs in the later period of pathogenesis .
- involves prevent sequelae and complications of
the diseases .
8. Primary Prevention
By individual
1- Health promotion
2-Specific protection
-Diet planning.
-Fluoride dentifrices.
-Periodic visits to
-Intake of sufficient
fluoridated water.
the dental office .
-Avoidance of sticky
foods between
meals.
-Oral hygiene
measures.
9. Health Promotion- 1
Specific Protection-2
By community
Dental health
-Community water
education programs flouridation
-School water
flouridation.
-School flouride
mouth rinse
program.
-Fluoride
supplement
program .
-School sealant
program
10. Health Promotion- 1
By dental
professional
Specific-2
-Patient education -TopicalProtection
-Plaque control.
-Diet counseling.
-Dental caries
activity tests
application of
fluoride .
-Pit and fissure
sealants .
11. Secondary Prevention
By individual
Self-examination
By community
-Periodic screening
- x-ray
-Complete examination
-Prompt treatment of
incipient lesions
-Preventive resin
restoration
-Pulp capping
By dental professional
12. Tertiary Prevention
By individual
By community
By dental
professional
Disability
limitation
Use of dental
services
Provision of
dental services
Rehabilitation
The same
The same
-Treatment of well -Removable and
developed lesions
fixed prosthodontics
-Pulpotomy
-Implants
-Root canal therapy
-Extraction
13. Fluoridation
What is fluoride ?
- It is one of the halogens .
- It is the most active element of this group.
- It is not present in the free form .
- It is anticariogenic effect .
14. Sources of Fluoride
Three sources: water , foods and air .
Sea foods; salmon , sardines , shrimp and crab .
Most beverages contain amount of fluoride
especially tea .
Vegetables , fruits and dairy products contain low
amount of fluoride .
The average diet provides 0.2-0.3 mg of fluoride
daily .
15. Methods of Providing Fluoride
Systemic Fluoride:
1- Water Fluoridation :
* There is a direct relationship between
fluoride level and the number of caries free
individuals .
* 1ppm of fluoride
optimum safety and
anticaries effect .
* One part per million = 1mg F / liter .
* concentration of F in hot weather due to
water intake .
16. 2- School water fluoridation :
Indicated if the community water is not
possible .
Benefit of F only during days and hours.
concentration upto 5ppm is effective in caries
control .
17. 3- Fluoride Supplements :
Supplied in form of tablets , drops or syrups .
0.5 mg F / day for children up to 3 years .
1 mg F / day for children over 3 years .
Continue administration till the age of
complete crown formation of the second
premolar ( age of 10 years).
18. 4- F. incorporation in various foods:
Such as salt , milk , bread , rice .
It is difficult to adjust fluoride concentration .
19. Self administered F. application
(( By the individual
Fluoride Dentifrices:
- 15-30 % caries reduction following the regular use
of F . Dentifrices .
- The most common F compound are sodium
monofluorophoshate , stannous F and sodium F.
- Ant-calculus agents such as zinc compound or
pyrophosphate can be used .
20.
Fluoride Mouthrinses:
Indications :
1- Patients with active caries .
2- Orthodontic patient .
3- Patient with reduced salivary flow .
4- Patient with removable appliances .
* 0.05 % neutral sodium F ( 230 ppm F ) is the benefit
concentration .
* 1-2 teaspoon ( 5-10 ml) once / day before bedtime are
recommended .
21. Professional Topical F Application
- Available as solution , gel and prophylaxis .
Sodium F .
* 2% Sodium F solution used 4 application ,
1 week interval between every application .
* applied every year .
22. Procedure :
1- Prophylaxis is performed .
2- Teeth on one side are isolated .
3- dried the teeth .
4- 2% sodium F solution applied to each surface
with a cotton applicator .
5- The solution is allowed to dry on the teeth for 3-5
min .
6- The same procedure is repeated every week until
4 application .
23.
24.
25.
26.
Stannous Fluoride :
- Single annual application of 8% stannous F
65%
reduction in caries incidence .
- Need to be prepared freshly for each application
( 0.8gm in 10 ml distilled water ) .
Acidulated phosphate fluoride :
- Combination of sodium F with phosphoric acid .
- No need to be prepared every treatment .
27.
Prophylaxis Paste :
- Prophylaxis paste containing fluoride .
- Carried out every six months .
28. Mode of action of fluoride
Ionic exchange ; hydroxyapetite changing to
fluoroapetite which is less soluble in acids .
Enzymatic inhibition ; inhibit phosphatase and
anulase enzymes .
Bacterial inhibition .
Has the ability to precipitate calcium phosphate on
the surface of enamel from saliva .
Lowers free surface energy
plaque
accumulation in the treated enamel surface .
Action on tooth size and morphology: shallower
fissures and lower cusp height and smaller size
caries
29. Pit and Fissure Sealants
Sealant are materials used to seal deep pit
and fissure and transfer them into nonretentive surface.
Several sealants based on the BIS-GMA
resin ( main ingredient of composites ) .
Etching , washing and drying
the resin
then applied with a small brush .
33. Sealants
Etching: - 35% PA
Deliver to the tooth using
the blue tip, or using a
microbrush
Etch the grooves and
cuspal inclines
Etch for 15 seconds
Wash for 10 seconds
Evaluate “frosted” enamel
34. Sealant
Apply sealant using the spiral
brush tip, or using a
microbrush.
Sealant should flow into
grooves and up cuspal
inclines.
Cure for 20 seconds
35.
36. Diet Counseling
(( Diet Control
Oral clearance of carbohydrate:
1- Keep the carbohydrate content as low as
possible .
2- Select carbohydrate with low retention
such as leafy , green or yellow vegetables .
3- Avoid sticky sweets between meals.
37.
Diet for good general nutrition must be contain:
1- Sufficient amount of minerals especially
calcium and phosphorous .
2- Sufficient amount of vitamins especially
D&C .
3- Reduced amount of carbohydrates .
4- Enriched phosphates .
38.
Basic food groups ( good balanced diet ):
1- Milk group .
2- Meat group .
3- Vegetable and fruit group .
4- Bread and cereal group .
39. Objectives
Oral hygiene measures
(( Plaque Control
Removal of soft deposits (dental plaque, materia alba and- 1
( food debris
Gingival massage
keratinization and improve- 2
circulation
protection against microorganisms
. Prevention of calculus formation- 3
Methods
Mechanical
Chemical
40. Mechanical Plaque Control
:- I- Tooth Brushing
** Design of brush:-Firm handle with modest angulation between head and the handle.
-2.5 cm length of head
-15-16.5 cm length of handle
-10mm height of bristles and 0.2mm thickness
-2 to 3 rows of bristles
-Smooth and rounded ends of the bristles
-Bristles may be synthetic or natural
-Nylon bristles are superior to natural , as they resist breaking and contamination
with microbial debris.
41.
42. :-Tooth Brushing Methods**
:Bass Method
•Intrasulcular method.
•Efficient for removing dental plaque from gingival third and
from shallow gingival sulcus.
•Place the bristles at the gingival margin with angle of 45 degree
to the long axis of the teeth.
•Exert gentle vibratory pressure using short back-and-forth
motions without dislodging the bristles tips (horizontal
direction(.
•Perform about 20 strokes in each position.
•Used a soft brush in this method.
47. :- Modified Stillman Method
•A soft or medium brush can be used with this method.
• Recommended for patients with gingival recession to
prevent abrasive tissue destruction.
•The sides of the bristles are placed against the gingiva
and teeth with a 45 degrees angle to the long axis
of the teeth.
•Pressure is applied laterally against the gingival
margin to produce blanching.
•Brush is activated by short back-and-forth strokes in
coronal direction.
49. Charters Method
- A soft or medium brush can be used.
-Recommended for temporary cleaning in areas
of healing after periodontal surgery.
-The bristles pointed toward the crown at a 45
degree angle to the long axis of the teeth.
-The bristle tips not move across the gingiva.
-The brush is activated with short back-and
forth strokes in coronal direction.
52. Rotation or Roll Method
The bristles placed apically , nearly parallel to the
tooth surface then in and over tooth surfaces .
Rolling motion on buccal and lingual surfaces .
The occlusal surfaces are brushed with a to and
fro action .
53. Fone’s Method
For young children .
The upper and lower teeth are put together
into occulsion .
Circular motion on the buccal surface .
On the lingual surface a back –and – forth
horizontal motion .
54. Electrical Tooth Brushes
-Useful for: Children, hand- capped, and patients with
orthodontics treatment.
-Less abrasive to tooth surfaces and restoration.
-Do not require special techniques of application.
-Place the brush head next to the tooth at the gingival margin and
proceed systematically around the dentition.
- Not superior to manual type.
-Expensive.
56. :- II- Interproximal Cleaning Aids
• 1- Dental Floss:
Effective for flat or convex proximal tooth surfaces with full
embrasures.
• Waxed, unwaxed or tufted types.
• Tufted and waxed are indicated for rough restoration and tight
contact
• Cut about 12cm and anchored around one finger of each hand.
• Gentle placing at the base of gingival sulcus then moved in an
up-and down along the tooth surface ,right and left.
57.
58.
59. :Interdental Brushes -2
•Small cone-shaped or tapered brushes.
•Used in large open embrasures.
•Inserted interdentally and moved back and forth in
facio-lingual direction.
3- Tooth Picks:•Made from soft-wood and is triangular in shape.
•Used in open contact.
•Tooth pick moved in-and-out or up-and down direction.
•Tooth pick can be placed in special plastic handles to
reach areas with limited access.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64. Chemical Plaque Control
( Mouthrinsing)
Several chemical agents have anti-plaque and
anti- gingivitis effects :
* Chlorhexidine .
* Quaternary ammonium
compounds .
* Sanguinrine .
* Hydrogen peroxide .
65. Chlorhexidine:* The most effective antimicrobial agent in plaque and
gingivitis
•Mechanism of action:- pellicle formation, alteration of
bacterial cell wall lysis of bacteria and
bacterial
adhesion to tooth surfaces.
• has not produce any resistance of oral microorganisms.
•Substantivity: high substantivity.
•Side effects:- staining of teeth , tongue and resin
restorations, and alter taste sensation (temporary).
•0.2%- 0.12% mouth washes Twice/day.
66. Disclosing Agents
•Used to stain the teeth for patient education
and motivation for oral home care.
•Used to locate dental plaque on tooth surface.
•Available in tablets and liquid forms.
•Produce, blue, purple or red stains when
attached to plaque on tooth surface.
•Examples: Bismark Brown solution,
erythrosine and sodium fluorescein dye.
67.
68.
69. Preventive Dentistry Treatment Planning
Problem recognition
( by patient / community /dental professional)
Problem definition
( nature/extent/severity/significance)
Problem data analysis
Interpretation and presentation
Treatment planning