Plaque control
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Dental plaque is a soft, colorless deposit that accumulates on teeth. Plaque control through mechanical and chemical removal is the most essential step in maintaining good oral health. There are many techniques for brushing and factors that determine the appropriate selection of interdental aids, like floss, based on the type of embrasures between teeth. Flossing is commonly recommended for removing plaque from between teeth. Gingival massage with devices or toothbrushes produces benefits like epithelial thickening and increased tissue activity.
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Plaque control
This document discusses plaque control and various plaque control measures. It begins by explaining that plaque control involves regular removal of plaque to prevent periodontal diseases. Mechanical methods like toothbrushing and interdental cleaning are important, as well as chemical agents like chlorhexidine and essential oils. Different toothbrushing techniques and powered toothbrushes are described. The document also discusses dentifrices, interdental aids, and concludes that proper oral hygiene through plaque control is critical for preventing periodontal disease.
Plaque control
This document discusses methods for plaque control and oral hygiene instruction. It describes techniques for mechanical plaque removal including toothbrushing and flossing, as well as chemical plaque control using mouthwashes. Toothbrushing techniques like the Bass and Stillman methods are outlined. The goals of polishing teeth are discussed along with contraindications. Recommendations are provided for motivating and educating patients on proper plaque control methods.
Interdental aids powerpoint presentation
This document discusses various interdental aids used for cleaning between teeth. It begins by describing the different types of interdental spaces classified by how much of the space is occupied by gingiva. Common interdental aids discussed include dental floss, interdental brushes, wooden interdental cleaners, and water flossers. Each aid is described in terms of its material, indications for use, and proper technique. The document emphasizes that toothbrushing alone is insufficient for interdental cleaning and that the appropriate aid should be selected based on a patient's interdental anatomy and oral hygiene needs.
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This document discusses chemical plaque control agents. It begins by defining terms like antimicrobial agents, antiplaque agents, and antigingivitis agents. It describes ideal properties of antiplaque agents such as eliminating pathogens selectively and exhibiting substantivity. The document then examines various approaches to chemical plaque control like using antiadhesive, antimicrobial, plaque removal, and antipathogenic agents. Specific agents discussed in detail include chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, triclosan, and delmopinol. The modes of action, effectiveness, and potential side effects of different agents are summarized.
Gingivectomy
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mechanical-plaque-control PEDO
This document discusses mechanical plaque control methods. It describes plaque, its formation and identification. Mechanical plaque control involves toothbrushing, dental floss, and interdental cleaning aids. Toothbrushing is the primary method, and the document outlines toothbrush features, materials, and brushing techniques. Powered toothbrushes are also mentioned. Dentifrices assist mechanical plaque removal. Proper plaque control is important for oral and periodontal health.
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Plaque control
This document discusses plaque control and various plaque control measures. It begins by explaining that plaque control involves regular removal of plaque to prevent periodontal diseases. Mechanical methods like toothbrushing and interdental cleaning are important, as well as chemical agents like chlorhexidine and essential oils. Different toothbrushing techniques and powered toothbrushes are described. The document also discusses dentifrices, interdental aids, and concludes that proper oral hygiene through plaque control is critical for preventing periodontal disease.
Plaque control
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Gingivectomy
Gingivectomy is the surgical excision of gingiva to remove diseased pocket walls and expose tooth surfaces. It is indicated for conditions like suprabonny pockets, fibrous enlargement, and crown lengthening. There are several types of gingivectomy including surgical, chemosurgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, and laser gingivectomy. The surgical procedure involves marking pockets, making internal beveled incisions, removing diseased tissue and calculus, and placing a periodontal pack. Post-operative healing occurs through clot formation, granulation tissue growth, and epithelialization over 2-3 weeks.
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This document discusses mechanical plaque control methods. It describes plaque, its formation and identification. Mechanical plaque control involves toothbrushing, dental floss, and interdental cleaning aids. Toothbrushing is the primary method, and the document outlines toothbrush features, materials, and brushing techniques. Powered toothbrushes are also mentioned. Dentifrices assist mechanical plaque removal. Proper plaque control is important for oral and periodontal health.
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This document discusses prognosis in periodontal disease. Prognosis is the prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease based on knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. It is determined before treatment based on disease characteristics and previous experience. Prognosis can be excellent, good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless depending on factors like bone loss, furcation involvement, and patient compliance. Systemic factors like smoking and diabetes can affect prognosis. Anatomical root characteristics also influence prognosis. The relationship between diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.
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Diagnosis of dental caries
Dental caries is defined as a localized pathological process caused by acids produced by bacteria in dental plaque that leads to demineralization of tooth hard tissues. Diagnosis of caries involves detecting lesions, assessing activity, and determining risk factors to identify lesions requiring treatment and persons at high risk. A variety of tools can be used for caries diagnosis including visual inspection, fiber-optic transillumination, and diagnostic technologies assessing properties like fluorescence. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) provides a standardized visual method for caries detection and assessment and has demonstrated validity though performance varies depending on tooth type and surface.
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Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms on teeth. It progresses from an initial bacterial coating to a mature biofilm with complex microbial communities. Early plaque is predominantly gram-positive cocci while mature plaque contains more gram-negative rods and anaerobes. Plaque composition changes with periodontal disease, shifting from gram-positive to gram-negative and non-motile to motile organisms. Plaque initiates periodontal diseases through its noxious metabolic byproducts and through stimulating the host immune response, ultimately leading to tissue destruction if left unchecked.
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This document discusses interdental cleaning aids and their use. It begins by explaining the need for interdental cleaning due to biofilm formation between teeth. It then covers factors in selecting cleaning aids, common types of aids like floss, interdental brushes and wooden sticks, and how to use floss properly. The document also notes disadvantages of floss like being time-consuming and requiring skill.
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Dental Plaque
Dental Plaque
Soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable & fixed restorations”
Bowen , 1976
Bacterial aggregations on the teeth or other solid oral structures
Lindhe, 2003
Pulpotomy
Pulpotomy is the removal of the coronal portion of the pulp while preserving the radicular pulp. It is indicated for cariously exposed primary teeth when extraction is less advantageous than retention. There are various techniques for pulpotomy including devitalization with formocresol or other chemicals to fix the pulp, preservation techniques using less harmful chemicals to maintain pulp vitality, and regeneration techniques aiming to stimulate reparative dentin formation. The goal of pulpotomy is to disinfect the exposed pulp, maintain pulp vitality, and avoid periapical issues.
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This document discusses pulp protection in restorative dentistry. It outlines the goals of preserving pulp health and various irritants that can harm the pulp. The amount of remaining dentin thickness is an important factor in determining the appropriate protection method. Various protective agents are described, including cavity sealants, liners, and bases made of materials like varnish, resin bonding agents, calcium hydroxide, and glass ionomer cement. Guidelines are provided for selecting the proper agent based on restoration type and cavity depth. Indirect and direct pulp capping procedures are also summarized.
Posterior composites
The document discusses various techniques and materials for posterior composite restorations, including the use of liners to reduce marginal leakage and polymerization shrinkage stress. It also covers advances in dental adhesives that incorporate solvents and nanoparticles to improve bonding to dentin. Proper layering of composites incrementally is recommended to minimize shrinkage and debonding at restoration interfaces.
Plaque control
This document discusses methods for mechanical and chemical plaque control. It describes various toothbrushes and brushing techniques, as well as interdental cleaning aids like floss and interdental brushes. It also discusses powered toothbrushes and irrigation devices. Chemical plaque control methods include antiadhesive, antimicrobial, and plaque removal agents delivered via toothpaste, mouthwashes, and other vehicles. Recommendations are provided for proper brushing technique based on individual oral health needs and conditions.
Mechanical plaque control
This document discusses mechanical plaque control methods. It describes various toothbrushing techniques like the Bass method and provides specifications for toothbrush design. Interdental cleaning aids like floss and interdental brushes are also discussed. Several studies have found these mechanical methods, like flossing and interdental brushing, to be effective at removing plaque and reducing gingivitis when used properly. Powered toothbrushes have been shown to provide similar benefits to manual brushing for most patients. Proper mechanical plaque removal is important for preventing periodontal disease.
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Dental caries is defined as a localized pathological process caused by acids produced by bacteria in dental plaque that leads to demineralization of tooth hard tissues. Diagnosis of caries involves detecting lesions, assessing activity, and determining risk factors to identify lesions requiring treatment and persons at high risk. A variety of tools can be used for caries diagnosis including visual inspection, fiber-optic transillumination, and diagnostic technologies assessing properties like fluorescence. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) provides a standardized visual method for caries detection and assessment and has demonstrated validity though performance varies depending on tooth type and surface.
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Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms on teeth. It progresses from an initial bacterial coating to a mature biofilm with complex microbial communities. Early plaque is predominantly gram-positive cocci while mature plaque contains more gram-negative rods and anaerobes. Plaque composition changes with periodontal disease, shifting from gram-positive to gram-negative and non-motile to motile organisms. Plaque initiates periodontal diseases through its noxious metabolic byproducts and through stimulating the host immune response, ultimately leading to tissue destruction if left unchecked.
Trauma from occlusion
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
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Periodontal probing and techniques involve using calibrated probes to measure pocket depth and determine periodontal pocket configuration. There have been several generations of probes developed with improvements in standardization, precision, and automation. First generation probes were manual and included the Williams probe. Second generation probes aimed to standardize pressure, like the TPS probe. Third generation probes were automated, like the Florida Probe. Fourth generation probes utilized 3D technology while fifth generation probes combine ultrasound for more accurate measurement without pocket penetration. Studies show electronic probes provide more reproducible measurements than manual probes, though manual probes can have good reproducibility as well depending on the examiner.
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Interdental cleaning aids
This document discusses interdental cleaning aids and their use. It begins by explaining the need for interdental cleaning due to biofilm formation between teeth. It then covers factors in selecting cleaning aids, common types of aids like floss, interdental brushes and wooden sticks, and how to use floss properly. The document also notes disadvantages of floss like being time-consuming and requiring skill.
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This document discusses the anatomy, measurement, and clinical significance of the attached gingiva. It notes that the attached gingiva extends from the base of the gingival sulcus to the mucogingival junction. The normal width is 3-4.5mm in the maxillary anterior region but narrower in other areas. Inadequate width can facilitate subgingival plaque formation. Methods to measure width and increase width through surgery are described. The importance of keratinized, attached tissue for resisting mechanical irritation and stabilizing the gingival margin is emphasized.
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Dental Plaque
Dental Plaque
Soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable & fixed restorations”
Bowen , 1976
Bacterial aggregations on the teeth or other solid oral structures
Lindhe, 2003
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Biofilm is a microbial community characterized by cells attached to a surface and embedded in an extracellular matrix. Biofilms form in root canals and on materials placed in root canals. They are resistant to disinfection and prevent healing. Sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and MTAD are used to eradicate biofilms, but they often persist. Advanced techniques like lasers, photodynamic therapy, and ultrasound improve disinfection but sometimes biofilms still remain.
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This document discusses methods for mechanical and chemical plaque control. It describes various toothbrushes and brushing techniques, as well as interdental cleaning aids like floss and interdental brushes. It also discusses powered toothbrushes and irrigation devices. Chemical plaque control methods include antiadhesive, antimicrobial, and plaque removal agents delivered via toothpaste, mouthwashes, and other vehicles. Recommendations are provided for proper brushing technique based on individual oral health needs and conditions.
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This document discusses mechanical plaque control methods. It describes various toothbrushing techniques like the Bass method and provides specifications for toothbrush design. Interdental cleaning aids like floss and interdental brushes are also discussed. Several studies have found these mechanical methods, like flossing and interdental brushing, to be effective at removing plaque and reducing gingivitis when used properly. Powered toothbrushes have been shown to provide similar benefits to manual brushing for most patients. Proper mechanical plaque removal is important for preventing periodontal disease.
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This document discusses various chemical plaque control agents used in dentistry. It describes first, second, and third generation agents including antibiotics, triclosan, metallic ions, chlorhexidine, and enzymes. Ideal properties of agents are preventing plaque and gingivitis while being biocompatible and economical. Dentifrices contain abrasives, binders, surfactants, flavors, and active ingredients like fluoride and zinc to control plaque, calculus and bacteria. Disclosing agents temporarily stain plaque for identification and removal.
Chemical plaque control /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...
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State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Brushing techniques
This document describes several brushing techniques including the Bass method, Modified Bass method, Modified Stillman's method, Charter's method, the Roll method, Vertical/Leonard's method, Physiologic/Smith method, and the Fones/Circular/Scrub method. The Bass method involves placing the brush bristles at a 45 degree angle to the gingiva and moving them in small circular motions around each tooth. The Modified Bass method uses a sweeping motion from cervical to incisal surfaces. Charter's method positions the bristles toward the chewing surface and angles them at 45 degrees to the tooth while vibrating gently. The Physiologic/Smith method follows the natural pathway of food along tooth surfaces and g
Mechanical plaque control
This document discusses mechanical plaque control and the importance of toothbrushing. It provides a brief history of toothbrushing and describes the parts of a toothbrush, including the handle. Maintaining good oral hygiene through regular toothbrushing is key to preventing diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis by removing dental plaque.
Disclosing agents
Certain dyes called disclosing agents can be used to temporarily stain dental plaque and make it visible. The most common disclosing agents are erythrosin, which stains plaque red but can also stain soft tissues, and fluorescein dye, which stains plaque yellow without staining tissues but requires special lighting to see. Two-tone dyes stain mature plaque blue and new plaque red. Iodine-containing solutions were also used but are not preferred due to potential allergic reactions and unpleasant taste. Disclosing agents can be applied using a cotton swab or by rinsing the mouth.
Tooth brushing techniques
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic
www.chinthamanilasedentalclinic.com
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tooth brushing techniques
The document discusses several common toothbrushing techniques:
The Bass Method involves brushing teeth with short back-and-forth strokes at a 45 degree angle for 10 seconds per group of teeth.
The Rolling Stroke directs the brush filaments toward the root and rolls the brush over the teeth as the wrist turns, following tooth contours.
The Stillman Method is similar to the Bass Method but places filaments half in the gingival sulcus and half on the gingiva before vibrating.
The Charters Method angles filaments at 45 degrees toward tooth chewing surfaces, vibrating firmly against each tooth before moving to the next.
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Dental plaque
Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms on teeth. It is made up of bacteria, salivary components, and food debris embedded in an extracellular matrix. Plaque forms in stages - first, a protein pellicle forms on the tooth surface. Bacteria then attach to the pellicle and begin to colonize. As the bacteria multiply, they produce a matrix material between them made of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Over time this leads to the development of a mature dental plaque biofilm.
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This document discusses dental plaque formation at the ultrastructural level. It begins by describing how a saliva-derived acquired pellicle forms on the tooth surface within nanoseconds. Bacteria then initially adhere reversibly to this pellicle via molecular interactions. They can then irreversibly attach through specific adhesins. Once attached, the bacteria begin colonizing the surface and forming a biofilm through multiplication and sequential adsorption of organisms.
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Chlorhexidine is the most effective antiplaque agent known. It acts on bacterial cell walls, causing osmotic imbalance, membrane extrusion, and cytoplasm precipitation. As a bactericidal agent at high concentrations and bacteriostatic at lower concentrations found in saliva, it is considered potent. Substantive agents with retention of 25-30% after rinsing have the highest impact by remaining active for hours. Combining mechanical plaque removal with chemical reduction of remaining bacteria provides the greatest efficacy in dental plaque control.
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Shield celebrate the world oral health day with calibration of PDA at Altamash Institute Of Dental Medicine. In this occasion Dr Aakifa Javed, 3rd year BDS student, presented "Methods to control plaque formation in the oral cavity & proper brushing technique(bass technique).
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This document summarizes a seminar on chemical plaque control presented by dental students and faculty. It discusses the definitions and classifications of chemical plaque control agents. First generation agents include antibiotics, phenols, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Second generation includes bisbiguanides like chlorhexidine, and third generation includes delmopinol. The mechanisms of action and properties of various agents are described, including triclosan, metallic ions, chlorhexidine, and enzymes. Dentifrices and disclosing agents used for plaque control are also summarized.
Dental plaque part3
This document discusses chemical plaque control, specifically focusing on chlorhexidine (CHX) as an anti-plaque agent. It provides details on the ideal properties, classification, and mechanisms of action of chemical plaque control agents. The majority of the document discusses the effectiveness of different delivery methods of CHX, including mouthrinses, gels, varnishes, and combinations with fluoride, in preventing dental caries based on various clinical studies. While CHX demonstrates anti-microbial properties, the evidence from studies on its ability to prevent caries when used as a mouthrinse, gel, or varnish is mixed and inconclusive.
Plaque control/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
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offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Plaque Control / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy
This document discusses various methods of plaque control, including mechanical and chemical approaches. Mechanical plaque control involves the use of toothbrushes, flosses, interdental brushes and other aids to remove plaque. Manual toothbrushes remain the principal tool for plaque removal, while powered toothbrushes provide an alternative. Chemical plaque control uses agents like chlorhexidine, triclosan and zinc to prevent plaque formation or disrupt existing plaque. Regular use of both mechanical and chemical approaches helps maintain good oral hygiene.
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Dental plaque
This document provides information on plaque control in pediatric dentistry. It discusses dental plaque, methods of disclosing plaque using various agents, and mechanical and chemical plaque control methods. Mechanical methods include toothbrushing, dental floss, interproximal brushes, and powered toothbrushes. Chemical methods involve using antimicrobial agents like chlorhexidine. The document also covers techniques for brushing teeth and flossing interdentally in children. Maintaining good plaque control is important for preventing dental caries and periodontal disease in pediatric patients.
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A paradigm shift in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis khushbu
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Plaque control
Dental plaque is a soft, colorless deposit that forms on teeth. Plaque control through mechanical and chemical removal is essential for maintaining good oral health. Various brushing techniques and interdental aids can be used for mechanical plaque control. Chemical control involves mouthwashes and other agents that have antimicrobial properties. Together, mechanical and chemical methods help remove plaque and prevent periodontal disease.
Preventive Dentistry (plaque control)
The document discusses dental plaque and methods for plaque control. It describes dental plaque as a soft, sticky deposit that builds up on teeth and can harden into calculus if not removed. Proper plaque control is important for oral health and involves both mechanical and chemical methods. Mechanical plaque control includes brushing, flossing, and interdental aids, while chemical control uses mouthwashes and toothpastes containing ingredients like fluoride and chlorhexidine. Maintaining regular plaque removal is key to preventing periodontal disease.
Periodontal Disease and its Prevention
This document discusses the prevention of periodontal diseases. It describes periodontal disease as affecting the periodontium, the tissues that surround and support the teeth. The two main types are gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontal disease can be prevented by preventing plaque accumulation using either mechanical or chemical methods. Mechanical methods include tooth brushing, dental flossing, polishing, scaling and root planning, and periodontal surgery. Chemical methods include using toothpaste and mouthwash.
Prevention of periodontal disease
This document discusses prevention of periodontal diseases through mechanical and chemical plaque control methods. It describes three levels of preventive dentistry and three methods for plaque control, focusing on mechanical plaque control. Mechanical plaque control involves patient education, testing knowledge acquisition, and changing patient attitudes and behaviors. Proper tooth brushing technique and use of interdental aids are explained. Chemical plaque control can utilize antiseptics like chlorhexidine, which is described in terms of its mechanism of action and clinical uses.
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1. Methods to reduce demineralizing factors like limiting cariogenic foods and improving oral hygiene through toothbrushing and flossing.
2. Methods to increase protective factors like using fluorides, antimicrobial agents, pit and fissure sealants, and genetically modified foods.
3. Techniques for early caries detection including visual, tactile, radiographic, laser fluorescence, and electrical methods to identify lesions before cavitation occurs. Preventive strategies and early detection are important for stopping the progression of dental caries.
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This presentation will help you to gain knowledge about all dental preparations. From plaque to mouthwash, everything is included but in a nutshell. Thank you.
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This document discusses various plaque control measures including mechanical and chemical methods. Mechanical methods involve different types of toothbrushes and interdental aids like floss and brushes. Proper brushing techniques are described including Bass, Stillman, and roll methods. Chemical agents discussed include chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash which helps prevent plaque formation and kills bacteria through interactions with bacterial cell membranes. Maintaining proper plaque control is key to preventing dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis.
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This document discusses various methods for preventing dental caries (cavities), including:
1. Dietary control such as reducing sugar intake and using sugar substitutes or caries-inhibiting agents.
2. Oral hygiene measures like tooth brushing using various brush designs and methods, as well as other cleaning devices like dental floss, toothpicks, rubber tips, and interdental brushes.
3. Topical fluoride treatments to protect tooth enamel such as sealants, varnish, and resin restorations.
problem assso with oral cavity
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How to control plaque with chemicals
Plaque is a soft biofilm that forms on teeth and needs to be removed daily by brushing and flossing to prevent health issues. The document discusses various methods for controlling plaque, including mechanical removal with toothbrushes and floss, as well as chemical agents found in toothpaste and mouthwashes that can help inhibit plaque formation. Key ingredients in toothpaste like fluoride, abrasives, and detergents aid in plaque removal and prevention of cavities, while mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine or essential oils reduce existing plaque and gingivitis. Proper plaque control is important for periodontal and dental health.
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This document summarizes dental bleaching procedures. It discusses the causes of tooth discoloration, the history and types of bleaching agents used, and factors that influence bleaching like the type of bleach and concentration. Potential adverse effects are outlined such as tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, and effects on tooth structure. Contraindications for bleaching like pregnancy, decay, and exposed dentin are also summarized. The document provides an overview of dental bleaching techniques, agents, and considerations.
PLAQUE CONTROL
Plaque Control is the most essential step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment.
Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues.
Oro -dental Preparation.pdfsksjssjsjsssss
This document provides information on oro-dental preparations including dentifrices, types of dentifrices, types of mouthwashes, side effects of fluoride, desensitizing agents, different types of obtundents, bleaching agents, and mummifying agents. It discusses the primary functions of dentifrices as cleaning aids for teeth with substances like fluoride and antiseptics. It also lists the active ingredients in dentifrices and describes three main types of dentifrices and mouthwashes, their purposes, and potential side effects of fluoride use. Further, it outlines agents and methods used for tooth sensitivity relief, bleaching, and mummifying of pulp and root canals.
mechanical plaque control.pptx
This document discusses mechanical plaque control methods in dentistry. It begins by defining dental plaque and describing its formation. It then discusses various toothbrushes, including manual, powered, sonic/ultrasonic, and ionic varieties. Features of an ideal toothbrush and toothbrush parts are outlined. Toothpaste ingredients and functions are also summarized. The document reviews techniques for toothbrushing and describes other plaque control aids like dental floss, interdental brushes, wood sticks, and tongue scrapers. It concludes by noting statistics on toothbrushing habits in India.
Denture Care and maintainance
Poor denture hygiene can cause poor aesthetics,
malodor and deleterious effects on oral mucosa. Loose
dentures cause discomfort, difficulty in chewing, altered
speech and accumulation of food under the denture to the
patient. To overcome these issues, dentists should educate
their patients regarding denture hygiene to prevent undesirable
circumstances and advise use of denture adhesives to improve
retention, stability and enhance comfort to patients.
Dentists recommend mechanical, chemical and a combination
of mechanical and chemical methods to maintain good denture
hygiene. Mechanical method by using soft denture brush and
chemical method by immersion in denture cleansing solution.
The combination of mechanical and chemical method is the
most effective method of cleaning dentures.
Regular dental visits are required to
ensure that there are no potential problems and dentures
are fitting and functioning properly. Proper denture care and
regular dental check up prevents plaque buildup, maintain
aesthetics, increases life span of dentures and reduces the
risk of other oral health problems.
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ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
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Key Topics:
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1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
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1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Plaque control
- 2. What is dental plaque : Dental plaque is a soft sticky and colorless deposit that accumulates on the teeth
- 3. Plaque control is the most essential Step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues
- 4. Mechanical : 1-Individual. 2-Professional. Chemical : 1-Individual. 2-Professional.
- 5. Individual mechanical plaque control is achieved by : 1-tooth brush 2-interdental aids 3-other
- 7. Design
- 8. Bass method technique Modifid bass method Stillman method The charter method
- 10. They where introduced in 1939
- 11. These are the aid for cleaning and polishing of teeth surfaces. They are used in the form of powder past ointment and gel
- 12. Composition : 1-fluoride 2-abrasions 3-detergents 4-humectants 5-thickeners 6-preservative 7-flavoring agents 8-sweeteners 9-coloring agents 10-anticaries agents 11-water
- 13. Factors determining the selection of interdental aids are the type of embrasures : Type 1 : Type 2 : Type 3 :
- 14. It's the most commonly recommend method of removing plaque from interdental areas
- 16. Type : Uses :
- 17. Gingival massage : can be performed with a toothbrush rubber tip stimulator or interdental cleaning devices . it produces :- 1-epithelial thickening 2-increased keratinization 3-increased mitotic activity in epithelium and connective tissue
- 18. They are several types : 1-use water faucet to irrigate between and around the teeth the water is steady and is controlled turning the fenced handle 2- use and intermittent water jet
- 19. Dental plaque is colorless deposit that accumulates on the teeth Plaque control is the most essential Step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment Plaque Control is done Mechanically and Chemically There are many technique for Brushing From the factors that determining the selection of interdental aids are the type of embrasures Dental Floss It's the most commonly recommend method of removing plaque from interdental areas Gingival massage produced epithelial thickening , increased keratinization , increased mitotic activity in epithelium and connective tissue
- 20. Essintial of clinical periodontology and periodondices , 2nd edition , chapter 37 , pages 280 – 286 Foundation of periodontology for dental hygenic