This document discusses various methods for preventing dental caries (cavities), including:
1. Dietary control such as reducing sugar intake and using sugar substitutes or caries-inhibiting agents.
2. Oral hygiene measures like tooth brushing using various brush designs and methods, as well as other cleaning devices like dental floss, toothpicks, rubber tips, and interdental brushes.
3. Topical fluoride treatments to protect tooth enamel such as sealants, varnish, and resin restorations.
This document provides information on the prevention of dental caries through the use of fluoride. It discusses that fluoride can be used systemically by ingesting it or topically by direct application. Fluoride works to prevent dental caries by strengthening enamel, inhibiting bacteria, and enhancing remineralization. Sources of fluoride include water, foods, dental products, and professional treatments. Both optimal levels and methods of delivery are covered.
Dr. Hazem El Ajrami discusses the prevention of periodontal disease. He outlines several key points:
- Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation along the gums and teeth. Regular removal of plaque through brushing and other methods can prevent periodontal disease.
- Both local factors like untreated cavities, occlusal abnormalities, and systemic factors like diabetes or medications can increase risk of periodontal disease by affecting the body's response to plaque.
- Preventive measures include regular dental cleanings to remove built-up calculus, maintaining good oral hygiene through proper brushing techniques, and eating a balanced diet to stimulate gum health. Periodic checkups are important to monitor for bone
The document discusses various oral hygiene products including dental caries, toothpaste, toothbrushes, and mouthwash. It provides details on active ingredients in toothpaste and their purposes, guidelines for choosing the right toothpaste based on age, ingredients to treat tooth sensitivity, and proper use of mouthwash and toothbrushes. New innovative toothbrush technologies with Bluetooth connectivity and ones that play music are also mentioned.
EPIDERMOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIESVajid Kurikkal
Dental caries is caused by an interaction between microorganisms, host factors, and the diet. Key microorganisms involved are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, which produce acid as a byproduct of metabolizing sugars in the diet, leading to demineralization of enamel and dentin. Host factors like saliva and tooth morphology can increase or decrease risk of caries by impacting pH, cleansing, and ability to remove food debris. Increased consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, especially without proper oral hygiene, greatly increases the risk of dental caries. Prevention strategies aim to modify these risk factors, such as reducing sugar intake, increasing fluoride exposure, and improving plaque removal.
1. Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and potential bone and tissue destruction if left untreated.
2. Proper oral hygiene through regular brushing and flossing is important to mechanically remove plaque and prevent periodontal disease. Effective brushing techniques like the roll method and Charter's method can help clean between teeth and massage gums.
3. In addition to home care, regular dental cleanings every 3-4 months may be needed to remove tartar buildup which can lead to periodontal disease. Maintaining good oral hygiene from a young age helps prevent periodontal problems.
Recent Advances in Caries Prevention
The summary discusses recent advances in preventing dental caries, including the use of various natural products and alternative agents. It discusses how arginine, plant extracts from neem, tulsi, prunus mume, green/black tea, hop plant, and cacao bean husk have antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria like streptococcus mutans. Other alternatives mentioned include propolis, apigenin, tt-farnesol, Chinese licorice root, and xylitol, which reduces the accumulation of plaque and growth/acid production of streptococcus mutans. The document provides details on the mechanisms and evidence for the caries prevention effects of these natural
This document summarizes a study that compared the effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes in preventing dental decay. The study reviewed 4 eligible studies and found that pit and fissure sealants were more effective than fluoride varnishes at preventing decay based on results from one high-quality split-mouth study and one cluster-randomized study. However, the results could not be combined due to clinical and methodological differences between the studies. In conclusion, pit and fissure sealants were shown to be more effective than fluoride varnishes for preventing decay on occlusal surfaces.
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a disease characterized by the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in children under 6 years old. It can range from mild to severe. The main risk factors are frequent consumption of sugary foods/drinks and prolonged bottle feeding. Streptococcus mutans bacteria transmitted from mother to child causes demineralization. Management involves treating existing caries, preventing further decay, and educating parents on diet and oral hygiene. Long term prevention emphasizes topical fluorides, sealants, and regular dental visits.
This document provides information on the prevention of dental caries through the use of fluoride. It discusses that fluoride can be used systemically by ingesting it or topically by direct application. Fluoride works to prevent dental caries by strengthening enamel, inhibiting bacteria, and enhancing remineralization. Sources of fluoride include water, foods, dental products, and professional treatments. Both optimal levels and methods of delivery are covered.
Dr. Hazem El Ajrami discusses the prevention of periodontal disease. He outlines several key points:
- Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation along the gums and teeth. Regular removal of plaque through brushing and other methods can prevent periodontal disease.
- Both local factors like untreated cavities, occlusal abnormalities, and systemic factors like diabetes or medications can increase risk of periodontal disease by affecting the body's response to plaque.
- Preventive measures include regular dental cleanings to remove built-up calculus, maintaining good oral hygiene through proper brushing techniques, and eating a balanced diet to stimulate gum health. Periodic checkups are important to monitor for bone
The document discusses various oral hygiene products including dental caries, toothpaste, toothbrushes, and mouthwash. It provides details on active ingredients in toothpaste and their purposes, guidelines for choosing the right toothpaste based on age, ingredients to treat tooth sensitivity, and proper use of mouthwash and toothbrushes. New innovative toothbrush technologies with Bluetooth connectivity and ones that play music are also mentioned.
EPIDERMOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIESVajid Kurikkal
Dental caries is caused by an interaction between microorganisms, host factors, and the diet. Key microorganisms involved are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, which produce acid as a byproduct of metabolizing sugars in the diet, leading to demineralization of enamel and dentin. Host factors like saliva and tooth morphology can increase or decrease risk of caries by impacting pH, cleansing, and ability to remove food debris. Increased consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, especially without proper oral hygiene, greatly increases the risk of dental caries. Prevention strategies aim to modify these risk factors, such as reducing sugar intake, increasing fluoride exposure, and improving plaque removal.
1. Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and potential bone and tissue destruction if left untreated.
2. Proper oral hygiene through regular brushing and flossing is important to mechanically remove plaque and prevent periodontal disease. Effective brushing techniques like the roll method and Charter's method can help clean between teeth and massage gums.
3. In addition to home care, regular dental cleanings every 3-4 months may be needed to remove tartar buildup which can lead to periodontal disease. Maintaining good oral hygiene from a young age helps prevent periodontal problems.
Recent Advances in Caries Prevention
The summary discusses recent advances in preventing dental caries, including the use of various natural products and alternative agents. It discusses how arginine, plant extracts from neem, tulsi, prunus mume, green/black tea, hop plant, and cacao bean husk have antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria like streptococcus mutans. Other alternatives mentioned include propolis, apigenin, tt-farnesol, Chinese licorice root, and xylitol, which reduces the accumulation of plaque and growth/acid production of streptococcus mutans. The document provides details on the mechanisms and evidence for the caries prevention effects of these natural
This document summarizes a study that compared the effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes in preventing dental decay. The study reviewed 4 eligible studies and found that pit and fissure sealants were more effective than fluoride varnishes at preventing decay based on results from one high-quality split-mouth study and one cluster-randomized study. However, the results could not be combined due to clinical and methodological differences between the studies. In conclusion, pit and fissure sealants were shown to be more effective than fluoride varnishes for preventing decay on occlusal surfaces.
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a disease characterized by the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in children under 6 years old. It can range from mild to severe. The main risk factors are frequent consumption of sugary foods/drinks and prolonged bottle feeding. Streptococcus mutans bacteria transmitted from mother to child causes demineralization. Management involves treating existing caries, preventing further decay, and educating parents on diet and oral hygiene. Long term prevention emphasizes topical fluorides, sealants, and regular dental visits.
This document discusses various methods for preventing dental caries. It describes topical protection measures like fissure sealants, fluoride varnish, and preventive resin restoration. Fissure sealants involve sealing pits and fissures with resin to make the surfaces non-retentive. Fluoride varnish is painted on teeth to allow remineralization and reduces smooth surface caries by 18-70%. Preventive resin restoration minimally removes decay and seals remaining pits and fissures. The document also discusses atraumatic restorative treatment, laser light applications, and systemic fluoride administration through water fluoridation or supplements to strengthen enamel and inhibit bacteria.
This document discusses dental disease prevention and prophylaxis at different levels. Primary prevention aims to maintain good oral health through education, fluoride, sealants, nutrition and plaque control. Secondary prevention treats early signs of disease to prevent progression through education, fluoride and removing plaque and tartar. Tertiary prevention focuses on recovery, preventing advanced disease, and decreasing disability through specialist treatment. The overall goals are to reduce the prevalence and severity of dental caries and periodontal disease.
Diagnosis and prevention of dental caries, DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES, CARIES DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS, DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES, PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES, Nutrition and diet in caries control, Fluoride and caries control, Water fluoridation, Fluoride supplements, Other methods for providing systemic fluoride, Fissure sealing, TREATMENT PLANNING FOR CARIES PREVENTION,
This document discusses the prevention of periodontal diseases. It describes periodontal disease as affecting the periodontium, the tissues that surround and support the teeth. The two main types are gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontal disease can be prevented by preventing plaque accumulation using either mechanical or chemical methods. Mechanical methods include tooth brushing, dental flossing, polishing, scaling and root planning, and periodontal surgery. Chemical methods include using toothpaste and mouthwash.
Oral care for cancer patients power pointrenee pryor
This document provides information on oral care for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation treatments. It recommends conducting a thorough dental exam and any necessary treatment at least one month prior to beginning chemotherapy to eliminate potential sources of infection. During chemotherapy, frequent cleanings may be needed due to reduced saliva and increased plaque. Invasive dental procedures should be scheduled when blood counts permit. Mouthwashes can help prevent infections. Radiation to the head and neck increases risk of oral complications, so extractions should occur before radiation begins to prevent later bone necrosis. Close coordination between dentists and oncologists is important for cancer patients' oral health.
This document discusses cariology, the study of dental caries. It defines dental caries as a disease caused by bacteria in dental plaque that leads to demineralization of tooth structure. Key factors in the development of caries include the formation of dental biofilm, bacterial production of acid, and the resulting shift in mineral equilibrium that dissolves tooth material over time. The document examines several theories on the etiology of caries and outlines the multifactorial nature of the disease. It also discusses various methods for caries prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Dental plaque is a soft, colorless deposit that accumulates on teeth. Plaque control through mechanical and chemical removal is the most essential step in maintaining good oral health. There are many techniques for brushing and factors that determine the appropriate selection of interdental aids, like floss, based on the type of embrasures between teeth. Flossing is commonly recommended for removing plaque from between teeth. Gingival massage with devices or toothbrushes produces benefits like epithelial thickening and increased tissue activity.
Why is oral hygiene so important for good dental healthjacee kaylen
Periodontal disease and decay are both caused by bacterial plaque. Plaque is a colorless film, which sticks to your teeth at the gumline. Plaque constantly forms on your teeth. By thorough daily brushing and flossing you can remove these germs and help prevent periodontal disease.
Early childhood caries, rampant, chronic and arrested cariesSaeed Bajafar
This document discusses different types of early childhood caries including nursing caries, rampant caries, and arrested caries. It defines early childhood caries as occurring in children under 6 years old with one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces. Rampant caries is an acute form that spreads widely and quickly, often involving incisors. Arrested caries occurs when the decay process stops due to improved oral hygiene or fluoride treatment, leaving white or brown lesions. Prevention, treatment, and factors promoting arrest are described for each type.
Various methods for preventions of dental caries 4ritam52
This presentation discusses strategies for preventing dental caries, including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. It outlines risk factors for dental caries and methods for clinical diagnosis. It also discusses management approaches for different types of caries and the potential use of vaccines to stimulate protective antibodies against Streptococcus mutans to help prevent dental caries.
This document outlines a lecture on prevention of dental caries through self-application methods and risk-based strategies. It discusses preventive agents like fluoride gels, rinses, toothpastes and supplements that contain fluoride or antimicrobials. It also mentions non-cariogenic sweeteners like xylitol and sorbitol. Finally, it notes that risk-based prevention tailors programs to a patient's caries risk level - low, moderate or high risk.
This document presents a case report on using microabrasion and remineralization (MAB-RE) to treat dental fluorosis. A 12-year-old patient presented with brown-yellow stains on their teeth due to moderate fluorosis. Over 10 weeks, microabrasion was performed using acid etching and pumice, followed by application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) cream. This non-invasive technique successfully removed the stains without removing tooth structure. The combination of microabrasion and remineralization provides a conservative long-term approach for treating enamel defects from conditions like dental fluorosis.
This document provides information on dental radiology and guidelines. It discusses the stomatognathic system including the teeth, gums, bones, and muscles of the mouth. It also describes general dentistry practices like dental exams and x-rays. Finally, it outlines several dental specialties including endodontics, periodontics, orthodontics, and others; and provides brief descriptions of their focus and common procedures.
Nursing bottle caries and rampant cariesrashmisukh
Nursing bottle caries and rampant caries are types of early childhood caries that develop in young children. Nursing bottle caries is caused by prolonged nursing from bottles containing sugars or liquids at night. This allows sugars to pool around teeth and causes demineralization. Rampant caries affects multiple tooth surfaces and can progress rapidly if left untreated. It is often caused by a combination of cariogenic diet, poor oral hygiene, and colonization of teeth by cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. Treatment involves preventive measures like oral hygiene instruction and fluoride therapy as well as restorative treatment of cavitated lesions.
This document provides information on dental caries (tooth decay). It defines dental caries as a multifactorial disease characterized by demineralization of tooth structure. Two bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, are responsible for initiating caries. Untreated caries can lead to pain, tooth loss, infection, and in severe cases death. The document discusses risk factors for caries like diet, fluoride exposure, socioeconomic status and behaviors. It also covers classifications of caries, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments.
Dental caries is caused by acid-forming bacteria in dental plaque that metabolize fermentable carbohydrates. The process involves alternating periods of demineralization and remineralization of tooth enamel based on the pH level in the mouth. Streptococcus mutans is the primary cariogenic bacteria. Risk factors include frequent sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, fluoride deficiency, and low saliva flow. Caries can be detected clinically, radiographically, and newer methods involving electrical resistance, light illumination, and digital imaging. Remineralization through fluoride and controlling bacteria and diet can prevent or reverse early caries.
This document discusses early childhood caries and nursing caries. It begins with definitions of dental caries and classifications based on anatomic site, severity, progression, and chronology. It then focuses on nursing caries, describing the etiological agents, clinical features, progression, implications, management, and prevention. Nursing caries is distinguished from rampant caries, with nursing caries being a specific form that occurs in infants/toddlers due to improper bottle feeding habits, while rampant caries can occur at any age from multiple factors. The document provides details on diagnosing, treating, and preventing nursing caries.
This document contains the objectives and content from an interhospital case presentation on early childhood caries. The presentation includes two case studies of children with dental caries, a review of dental anatomy and development, and a discussion of early childhood caries. It emphasizes the role of pediatricians in the prevention, early diagnosis, and management of early childhood caries.
Dental caries or tooth decay is caused by bacteria in the mouth producing acids from carbohydrates that dissolve tooth enamel. Poor dental hygiene and areas that are hard to clean allow decay to penetrate the enamel, dentin, and pulp, exposing blood vessels and nerves to infection and possible abscess formation. Prevention includes proper mouth care, diet, fluoridation, and pit and fissure sealants. Periodontitis is the inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth and is classified in stages from initial lesion to advanced lesion. Deep cleaning between the teeth and below the gumline can help treat periodontitis. A periapical abscess occurs when pus collects in the tissues at the end of the tooth
This document provides guidelines for home oral hygiene. It discusses the basic steps of brushing teeth twice daily, flossing regularly, maintaining a proper diet, rinsing the mouth, and getting regular dental checkups. It also covers using disclosing agents to identify plaque, proper brushing techniques, interdental cleaning devices, and the importance of oral hygiene during pregnancy and for infants.
This document outlines instructions for maintaining good oral hygiene. It states that oral hygiene includes keeping the mouth clean to prevent dental issues like cavities and gum disease. The document recommends brushing teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste for two minutes, flossing daily, eating a proper diet low in sugars, using interdental cleaners, rinsing with non-alcoholic mouthwash, and getting regular dental checkups. Following these basic steps can help prevent common dental problems and ensure overall oral health.
This document discusses various methods for preventing dental caries. It describes topical protection measures like fissure sealants, fluoride varnish, and preventive resin restoration. Fissure sealants involve sealing pits and fissures with resin to make the surfaces non-retentive. Fluoride varnish is painted on teeth to allow remineralization and reduces smooth surface caries by 18-70%. Preventive resin restoration minimally removes decay and seals remaining pits and fissures. The document also discusses atraumatic restorative treatment, laser light applications, and systemic fluoride administration through water fluoridation or supplements to strengthen enamel and inhibit bacteria.
This document discusses dental disease prevention and prophylaxis at different levels. Primary prevention aims to maintain good oral health through education, fluoride, sealants, nutrition and plaque control. Secondary prevention treats early signs of disease to prevent progression through education, fluoride and removing plaque and tartar. Tertiary prevention focuses on recovery, preventing advanced disease, and decreasing disability through specialist treatment. The overall goals are to reduce the prevalence and severity of dental caries and periodontal disease.
Diagnosis and prevention of dental caries, DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES, CARIES DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS, DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES, PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES, Nutrition and diet in caries control, Fluoride and caries control, Water fluoridation, Fluoride supplements, Other methods for providing systemic fluoride, Fissure sealing, TREATMENT PLANNING FOR CARIES PREVENTION,
This document discusses the prevention of periodontal diseases. It describes periodontal disease as affecting the periodontium, the tissues that surround and support the teeth. The two main types are gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontal disease can be prevented by preventing plaque accumulation using either mechanical or chemical methods. Mechanical methods include tooth brushing, dental flossing, polishing, scaling and root planning, and periodontal surgery. Chemical methods include using toothpaste and mouthwash.
Oral care for cancer patients power pointrenee pryor
This document provides information on oral care for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation treatments. It recommends conducting a thorough dental exam and any necessary treatment at least one month prior to beginning chemotherapy to eliminate potential sources of infection. During chemotherapy, frequent cleanings may be needed due to reduced saliva and increased plaque. Invasive dental procedures should be scheduled when blood counts permit. Mouthwashes can help prevent infections. Radiation to the head and neck increases risk of oral complications, so extractions should occur before radiation begins to prevent later bone necrosis. Close coordination between dentists and oncologists is important for cancer patients' oral health.
This document discusses cariology, the study of dental caries. It defines dental caries as a disease caused by bacteria in dental plaque that leads to demineralization of tooth structure. Key factors in the development of caries include the formation of dental biofilm, bacterial production of acid, and the resulting shift in mineral equilibrium that dissolves tooth material over time. The document examines several theories on the etiology of caries and outlines the multifactorial nature of the disease. It also discusses various methods for caries prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Dental plaque is a soft, colorless deposit that accumulates on teeth. Plaque control through mechanical and chemical removal is the most essential step in maintaining good oral health. There are many techniques for brushing and factors that determine the appropriate selection of interdental aids, like floss, based on the type of embrasures between teeth. Flossing is commonly recommended for removing plaque from between teeth. Gingival massage with devices or toothbrushes produces benefits like epithelial thickening and increased tissue activity.
Why is oral hygiene so important for good dental healthjacee kaylen
Periodontal disease and decay are both caused by bacterial plaque. Plaque is a colorless film, which sticks to your teeth at the gumline. Plaque constantly forms on your teeth. By thorough daily brushing and flossing you can remove these germs and help prevent periodontal disease.
Early childhood caries, rampant, chronic and arrested cariesSaeed Bajafar
This document discusses different types of early childhood caries including nursing caries, rampant caries, and arrested caries. It defines early childhood caries as occurring in children under 6 years old with one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces. Rampant caries is an acute form that spreads widely and quickly, often involving incisors. Arrested caries occurs when the decay process stops due to improved oral hygiene or fluoride treatment, leaving white or brown lesions. Prevention, treatment, and factors promoting arrest are described for each type.
Various methods for preventions of dental caries 4ritam52
This presentation discusses strategies for preventing dental caries, including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. It outlines risk factors for dental caries and methods for clinical diagnosis. It also discusses management approaches for different types of caries and the potential use of vaccines to stimulate protective antibodies against Streptococcus mutans to help prevent dental caries.
This document outlines a lecture on prevention of dental caries through self-application methods and risk-based strategies. It discusses preventive agents like fluoride gels, rinses, toothpastes and supplements that contain fluoride or antimicrobials. It also mentions non-cariogenic sweeteners like xylitol and sorbitol. Finally, it notes that risk-based prevention tailors programs to a patient's caries risk level - low, moderate or high risk.
This document presents a case report on using microabrasion and remineralization (MAB-RE) to treat dental fluorosis. A 12-year-old patient presented with brown-yellow stains on their teeth due to moderate fluorosis. Over 10 weeks, microabrasion was performed using acid etching and pumice, followed by application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) cream. This non-invasive technique successfully removed the stains without removing tooth structure. The combination of microabrasion and remineralization provides a conservative long-term approach for treating enamel defects from conditions like dental fluorosis.
This document provides information on dental radiology and guidelines. It discusses the stomatognathic system including the teeth, gums, bones, and muscles of the mouth. It also describes general dentistry practices like dental exams and x-rays. Finally, it outlines several dental specialties including endodontics, periodontics, orthodontics, and others; and provides brief descriptions of their focus and common procedures.
Nursing bottle caries and rampant cariesrashmisukh
Nursing bottle caries and rampant caries are types of early childhood caries that develop in young children. Nursing bottle caries is caused by prolonged nursing from bottles containing sugars or liquids at night. This allows sugars to pool around teeth and causes demineralization. Rampant caries affects multiple tooth surfaces and can progress rapidly if left untreated. It is often caused by a combination of cariogenic diet, poor oral hygiene, and colonization of teeth by cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. Treatment involves preventive measures like oral hygiene instruction and fluoride therapy as well as restorative treatment of cavitated lesions.
This document provides information on dental caries (tooth decay). It defines dental caries as a multifactorial disease characterized by demineralization of tooth structure. Two bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, are responsible for initiating caries. Untreated caries can lead to pain, tooth loss, infection, and in severe cases death. The document discusses risk factors for caries like diet, fluoride exposure, socioeconomic status and behaviors. It also covers classifications of caries, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments.
Dental caries is caused by acid-forming bacteria in dental plaque that metabolize fermentable carbohydrates. The process involves alternating periods of demineralization and remineralization of tooth enamel based on the pH level in the mouth. Streptococcus mutans is the primary cariogenic bacteria. Risk factors include frequent sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, fluoride deficiency, and low saliva flow. Caries can be detected clinically, radiographically, and newer methods involving electrical resistance, light illumination, and digital imaging. Remineralization through fluoride and controlling bacteria and diet can prevent or reverse early caries.
This document discusses early childhood caries and nursing caries. It begins with definitions of dental caries and classifications based on anatomic site, severity, progression, and chronology. It then focuses on nursing caries, describing the etiological agents, clinical features, progression, implications, management, and prevention. Nursing caries is distinguished from rampant caries, with nursing caries being a specific form that occurs in infants/toddlers due to improper bottle feeding habits, while rampant caries can occur at any age from multiple factors. The document provides details on diagnosing, treating, and preventing nursing caries.
This document contains the objectives and content from an interhospital case presentation on early childhood caries. The presentation includes two case studies of children with dental caries, a review of dental anatomy and development, and a discussion of early childhood caries. It emphasizes the role of pediatricians in the prevention, early diagnosis, and management of early childhood caries.
Dental caries or tooth decay is caused by bacteria in the mouth producing acids from carbohydrates that dissolve tooth enamel. Poor dental hygiene and areas that are hard to clean allow decay to penetrate the enamel, dentin, and pulp, exposing blood vessels and nerves to infection and possible abscess formation. Prevention includes proper mouth care, diet, fluoridation, and pit and fissure sealants. Periodontitis is the inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth and is classified in stages from initial lesion to advanced lesion. Deep cleaning between the teeth and below the gumline can help treat periodontitis. A periapical abscess occurs when pus collects in the tissues at the end of the tooth
This document provides guidelines for home oral hygiene. It discusses the basic steps of brushing teeth twice daily, flossing regularly, maintaining a proper diet, rinsing the mouth, and getting regular dental checkups. It also covers using disclosing agents to identify plaque, proper brushing techniques, interdental cleaning devices, and the importance of oral hygiene during pregnancy and for infants.
This document outlines instructions for maintaining good oral hygiene. It states that oral hygiene includes keeping the mouth clean to prevent dental issues like cavities and gum disease. The document recommends brushing teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste for two minutes, flossing daily, eating a proper diet low in sugars, using interdental cleaners, rinsing with non-alcoholic mouthwash, and getting regular dental checkups. Following these basic steps can help prevent common dental problems and ensure overall oral health.
Common hygiene practices such as brushing teeth twice daily and flossing once daily are important to remove dental plaque and food particles that can cause bad breath and dental issues like gingivitis. Proper oral hygiene is important for everyone including infants who should use a soft cloth or brush and adults who may need to clean dentures. Toothbrushes should be replaced every 3 months and use proper technique when brushing. Regular dental checkups are also important for prevention and early detection of any issues.
This document discusses the importance of interdental cleaning for primary and secondary prevention of oral diseases. It notes that problems like gingivitis and dental caries persist throughout life if not treated early. Regular tooth brushing is not enough to remove plaque between teeth. The document then examines different interdental cleaning devices like floss, interdental brushes, picks, and irrigators. It provides details on their use, indications, and contraindications. Neglecting interdental cleaning can increase risks of gingivitis, periodontitis, dental caries, implant failure, and halitosis. Proper device selection depends on a patient's oral condition, restorations, alignment, and manual
The document discusses the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene. It states that oral hygiene includes keeping the mouth clean and is necessary to prevent dental issues. Maintaining good oral hygiene can prevent dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and bad breath. The basic steps for good oral hygiene are brushing teeth twice a day, flossing regularly, having a proper diet, using interdental cleaners, rinsing the mouth, and regular dental checkups.
The document discusses various methods and agents used for oral hygiene and cleaning, including toothpastes, dental floss, interdental brushes, and oral irrigators. It describes how ingredients in toothpastes can help reduce issues like cavities, plaque, gingivitis, and sensitivity. Additionally, it outlines the mechanisms of different interdental cleaning devices and how oral irrigators have been shown to significantly reduce gingivitis and bleeding when used at home.
The document discusses prevention and maintenance of periodontal disease. The main points are: proper tooth brushing technique, use of dental floss and interdental brushes, and use of dentifrices and antimicrobial agents like chlorhexidine. Tooth brushing should remove dental plaque and involve techniques like Bass, Stillman, or Charter methods. Flossing once daily helps remove debris between teeth. Dentifrices containing fluoride, chlorhexidine, or listerine antiseptic inhibit bacterial growth and plaque formation. Regular dental visits and proper oral hygiene are essential to prevent periodontal disease and tooth loss.
Motivation and oral hygiene instructionsNuhafadhil
Motivation and oral hygiene instructions are important for preventing dental diseases. Bacterial plaque contributes to dental caries and periodontal diseases, so mechanical removal of plaque through brushing and flossing is necessary. Motivating patients involves educating them about plaque, diseases, and the importance of oral hygiene through demonstrations and ensuring their understanding. Proper oral hygiene includes brushing twice daily, flossing, a healthy diet, using mouthwashes, and regular dental checkups to remove plaque and prevent common dental problems.
Preventive dental materials are tools and products used to prevent cavities and tooth decay, including sealants, fluoride toothpastes and mouthwashes, and they work by strengthening enamel, reducing acid in the mouth, and preventing bacteria that cause decay. The group presented on different types of preventive materials like sealants, toothpastes, and mouthwashes, explaining what they are, how they work, and their functions and ideal requirements.
This document discusses mechanical plaque control methods in dentistry. It begins by defining dental plaque and describing its formation. It then discusses various toothbrushes, including manual, powered, sonic/ultrasonic, and ionic varieties. Features of an ideal toothbrush and toothbrush parts are outlined. Toothpaste ingredients and functions are also summarized. The document reviews techniques for toothbrushing and describes other plaque control aids like dental floss, interdental brushes, wood sticks, and tongue scrapers. It concludes by noting statistics on toothbrushing habits in India.
The document discusses definitions of health, public health, and dental public health from various organizations. It then discusses preventive dentistry and focuses on dental caries, periodontal disease, and factors that can predispose individuals to these diseases. It provides information on cheese and its potential role in preventing dental caries. Finally, it discusses proper toothbrushing techniques and the importance of oral hygiene in maintaining dental health.
Plaque Control is the most essential step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment.
Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues.
This document provides an overview of oral care products and oral health. It discusses the anatomy of the oral cavity and then covers advantages and disadvantages of oral care products. It explores applications of products like mouthwashes and discusses oral hygiene practices. The document outlines common oral diseases like gum disease, cavities, and oral cancer. It examines sources of problems like plaque and calculus. Finally, it discusses various preventative care products like toothbrushes, toothpaste, floss, and mouthwashes.
This document discusses personal oral hygiene and plaque control methods. It covers various terms used, including oral hygiene and oral physiotherapy. Periodontal disease is largely preventable through behavioral choices like oral hygiene practices. Good plaque control is key to preventing and treating periodontal disease. The document reviews different home care techniques like toothbrushing and the use of interdental cleaning aids. It also discusses the frequency of plaque removal and the role of chemical plaque control agents in toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Plaque control for the periodontal patientsDinesh Raj
Plaque is a soft biofilm that forms on teeth and consists of microorganisms. It causes dental caries and periodontal disease if not removed regularly. There are mechanical and chemical methods for plaque control. Mechanical methods include toothbrushing and interdental cleaning with floss, brushes or picks. Toothbrushing removes plaque effectively if done properly, such as with the Bass technique. Chemical agents like chlorhexidine and essential oil mouthwashes can also help control plaque as adjuncts to mechanical methods. Regular plaque removal is important for preventing oral diseases.
This document provides an overview of preventive dentistry and strategies for preventing dental diseases. It discusses primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention approaches at the individual, community, and dental professional levels. Key methods covered include fluoridation, dental sealants, diet counseling, oral hygiene instruction, and plaque control techniques like toothbrushing and flossing. The modes of action for fluoride and objectives of oral hygiene are also summarized.
Routine dental cleaning during orthodontic treatment | oral hygiene during or...Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Orthodontic treatment leads to more food accumulation due to braces. Maintaining oral hygiene becomes a challenge for the patient. Hence, frequent visits to the clinic, routine check ups, use of specific cleaning aids are needed for the healthy & successful orthodontic treatment.
To book an appointment contact :
Dr.Rajat Sachdeva
Director & Mentor
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
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Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing and cleaning between the teeth.
It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease. The most common types of dental disease are tooth decay (cavities, dental caries) and gum diseases, including gingivitis, and periodontitis.
This document provides tips for creating successful content on TikTok. It discusses that raw, authentic content focused on providing value works best on TikTok rather than overly produced content. It recommends creating video series rather than focusing on trends. It also provides tips for using hashtags, posting regularly, engaging with your audience, and using hooks and titles to capture viewers' attention. The key takeaway is that TikTok rewards content that provides genuine value to viewers.
This document provides guidelines for preparing an investment proposal (PIN) to present to the Management Investment Committee (MIC) for evaluation. The PIN should address: 1) the profitability of the investment based on internal rate of return estimates, 2) available competitive strategies and the recommended strategy, 3) what must be done well to succeed, and 4) risks and opportunities and their potential impacts. If approved, the assumptions in the PIN will become the objectives for the business. Actual performance will later be compared to targets in a post-audit review at exit. Overhead and depreciation estimates are provided to aid financial evaluations.
The document outlines the key elements that make up a good project funding proposal, including an introduction describing the project aim and qualifications, a need statement, measurable objectives and goals, an evaluation plan, a budget summary and detailed budget, and plans for follow-up funding. A good proposal provides all necessary information on these elements to convince the funding agency to support the project.
The document discusses principles of oral surgery including access, visibility, and flap design. It states that adequate access requires wide mouth opening and retraction of tissues away from the surgical field. Improved access can be gained by creating surgical flaps using incisions. Key principles of incisions and flap design are outlined such as using a sharp blade, firm strokes, avoiding vital structures, and designing flaps to ensure adequate blood supply and healing. Common flap types including triangular, trapezoidal, envelope, and semilunar flaps are described. Careful handling of tissues is also emphasized to minimize damage.
Lecture 3 Facial cosmetic surgery
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year second semester
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
https://twitter.com/lama_k_banna
Lecture 1 Facial cosmetic surgery
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year second semester
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
https://twitter.com/lama_k_banna
Facial neuropathology Maxillofacial SurgeryLama K Banna
Lecture 4 facial neuropathology
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year second semester
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
https://twitter.com/lama_k_banna
Lecture 2 Facial cosmetic surgery
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year second semester
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
https://twitter.com/lama_k_banna
Lecture 12 general considerations in treatment of tmdLama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year First semester
Lecture Name 12 general considerations in the treatment of TMJ
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
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Lecture Name TMJ temporomandibular joint
Lecture 10
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
https://twitter.com/lama_k_banna
Lecture 11 temporomandibular joint Part 3Lama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
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Lecture Name TMJ temporomandibular joint Part 3
Lecture 11
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year First semester
Lecture Name TMJ anatomy examination 2
Lecture 9
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
Lecture 7 correction of dentofacial deformities Part 2Lama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
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Lecture Name Correction of dentofacial deformities Part 2
Lecture 7
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Lecture 8 management of patients with orofacial cleftsLama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
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Lecture Name management of patients with orofacial clefts
Lecture 8
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
Lecture 5 Diagnosis and management of salivary gland disorders Part 2Lama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
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Lecture Name Salivary gland 2
Diagnosis and management of salivary gland disorders Part 2
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The document discusses epidemiological studies that estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and dentofacial deformities in the United States population. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found that approximately 2% of the US population has severe mandibular deficiency or vertical maxillary excess, while other abnormalities such as mandibular excess or open bite affect about 0.3-0.1% of the population. Overall, about 2.7% of Americans may have dentofacial deformities severe enough to require surgical treatment along with orthodontics.
lecture 4 Diagnosis and management of salivary gland disordersLama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
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Lecture Name Salivary gland
Diagnosis and management of salivary gland disorders
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
This document discusses principles of managing panfacial fractures, including anatomic considerations of the craniofacial skeleton and buttresses. It describes two main theories for management: bottom up/inside out and top down/outside in. Reduction, fixation, immobilization and early return of function are discussed. Closed reduction uses manipulation without visualization, while open reduction allows visualization but requires surgery. Various fixation methods are outlined, including arch bars, wiring techniques, and maxillomandibular fixation.
Maxillofacial Surgery
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Lecture Name maxillofacial trauma part 2
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Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
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Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
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1.
2. College of Dentistry
Dental Public Health
02Prevention of Dental Caries
Dr. Hazem El Ajrami
Master Degree in Orthodontic & Pedodontic
3.
4. I. Dietary control of dental caries:
1. Reduction of the frequency of carbohydrate
intake.
2. Sucrose substitutes.
3. Addition of caries-inhibiting agents.
5. II. Oral hygiene measures:
1) Tooth brushing:
A. Tooth brush design.
B. Tooth brushing methods.
C. Disclosants.
D. Tooth paste.
2) Other cleaning devices:
A. Dental floss.
B. The tooth pick.
C. The rubber tip.
D. The interdental brush.
7. C. Disclosants:
Most patients are unaware of the bacterial film
on the teeth. The dentist, too, is often unaware
that the apparently clean-looking teeth have
heavy deposits. It is essential to make these
deposits visible:
1. To confirm to the patient the presence of
harmful film and hence facilitate instruction on
its removal.
2. To enable the dentist, during scaling and
polishing procedures and to confirm that the
tooth surfaces are free from all deposits.
8.
9. Disclosants are water-soluble dyes used to
stain the plaque and other deposits and make them
obvious. The desirable properties of a disclosing
agent should be:
10. 1. Having the ability to stain plaque selectively and
not the other surface of the teeth and their
surrounding.
2. Do not stain the rest of the oral structures, lips,
cheeks and tongue.
3. Does not discolor anterior teeth fillings.
4. Has an acceptable taste.
5. Has no harmful effects on the mucous
membrane, if it is accidentally swallowed, it
should have no possible allergic reaction.
11. Disclosants are available in tablets, liquid,
wafers or swabs. They may be red, blue or
yellow. There is also fluorescent disclosants.
Examples of disclosing solution are:
1.Iodine: 1.6gm, KI: 1.6gm, water: 13.4 ml,
Glycerin to make 30 ml.
12.
13. D. Tooth paste (dentifrices) and tooth powder:
• A dentifrice: is a substance used with a
toothbrush to remove bacterial plaque, material
alba and debris from the gingiva and the teeth
for cosmetic purposes and for applying specific
agents to the tooth surfaces for preventive and /
or therapeutic purposes.
• Therapeutic dentifrices are those containing
agents designated to inhibit the growth of oral
microorganisms increase the resistance of
dental hard tissues.
14. • Some dentifrices long ago used to contain'
ammonium compounds, chlorophyll, antibiotics,
fluorides, etc.
• The best so far are those containing fluorides as
they can be of significant anti caries value when
routinely used.
• Toothpaste should be of acceptable taste and
flavor, and unobjectionable color and
consistency, and any of its components should
not posses any detrimental effect on prolonged
use.
15. The range of content of the various
components in commercially available
dentifrice is as follows:
Detergent 1-2%.
Cleaning and polishing agents 20-40 %.
Binder (thickener) 1-2%.
Humactant 20-40%.
Flavoring 1-1.5%.
Water 20-40%.
Therapeutic agent 1 -2%.
Preservative, sweetener and coloring agent 2-3%.
16. A therapeutic dentifrice has a drug or
chemical agent added for a specific preventive or
treatment action. Tooth powder contains abrasives,
detergents, flavoring, and sweetener. Paste and gel
dentifrice contain the same ingredients plus
binders, humactants, preservative and water.
17.
18. Fluoride-containing tooth pastes:
The incorporation of fluoride into dentifrice is
a practical approach to the problem of
delivering topically applied fluoride to large
numbers of persons.
Several studies have produced positive
results, showing reductions in the incidence
of dental caries in the range of 10-30%.
19.
20. Analysis of the collected data suggests that
greater caries inhibition is produced in
aproximal surfaces than in occlusal or
buccolingual surfaces.
The compounds that have been studied most
intensively are sodium monofluorophosphate
(MFP), acidulated phosphate fluoride and amino
fluoride.
21. The success of any fluoride containing dentifrice
depends upon the availability of a free fluoride
ion capable of reacting with enamel surface on
brushing.
Since fluoride ion is a highly reactive ion, there
is a greater possibility of combining with other
toothpaste ingredients and thus the expected
value is lost.
22. Clinical investigations support the value of
stannous fluoride dentifrices although some tooth
pigmentation has been reported. MFP dentifrice
presents greater caries inhibitory effect and no
staining. Sodium fluoride; dentifrices are hot
effective while amino fluoride dentifrices are not
widely commercially available.
23. Special guidelines specific for young children:
Use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste on the
brush.
Use formulations with low fluoride
concentration (500-600 ppm) for children
younger than 7 years.
Children above 8 years are safe to use family
toothpaste.
To avoid increased risk of toothpaste ingestion
brushing should be supervised by parents.
24.
25. Special purpose of tooth pastes:
Some patients who have sensitive cervical areas
on their teeth may benefit from the use of
desensitizing pastes such as "Sensodyne" or
"Emoform" although there is no justification for
recommending them.
26.
27. Mouth washes:
Mouth wash or mouth rinse is a product used
for oral hygiene to clean the mouth, freshening
the breath; and reduce plaque & gingivitis. Its
effect will be greater when it's used after
brushing and flossing.
28. What are the proper steps when using mouth
rinses?
Before using a mouth rinse, brush and floss teeth.
Measure the proper amount of rinse
recommended on the container or by a dentist.
Close lips and keeping teeth slightly apart &
swish liquid around the mouth.
The suggested rinsing time is 30 seconds to one
minute.
Finally, spit liquid from mouth.
Do not rinse or eat for 30 minutes after using a
mouthwash in order not to decrease its effects.
29. Dental care tips for children:
Children under 6 years & who cannot rinse
should not use mouthwash.
Should be used under parental supervision.
It should not be swallowed.
Mouth rinses with ethanol should be kept out
of children's reach.
30. • Classification of mouthwashes:
1)Therapeutic:
• They contain an added active ingredient that
helps prevent or treat certain oral health
conditions.
2)Non therapeutic (cosmetic):
• They are available over the counter.
• They are usually formulated to temporarily
freshen breath.
• They can aid in removing food particles.
• Their primary purpose is to mask mouth odor.
31. 3) Herbal:
Have antiseptic and antibacterial properties.
Have the advantage of using natural ingredients
which contain the powerful breath freshener
called "Chlorophyll".
Don't contain stabilizers or preservatives.
Were effective in reducing gingival
inflammation and plaque in adults patients as
well as reducing mouth odor.
32. 2. Other cleaning devices:
Sometimes it is advisable to use other
devices than a toothbrush to achieve through
plaque removal.
33. A. Dental floss:
• This is a tool used to disorganize and remove
the microbial masses that are located below the
gum margins inter-proximally.
• Dental floss may be either waxed or unwaxed.
• The unwaxed floss is recommended for
cleaning purpose because it is said that in use,
strands open and trap plaque and debris, and
hence clean the interdental space better.
34.
35. • The thin nylon fibers of this floss serve as
individual knives or cutting edges as it is
manipulated to scrap the plaque from the tooth.
• This floss spreads easily over the tooth surface,
which allows it to pass easily between the contact
points of the teeth.
36.
37. Technique of flossing:
A careful demonstration is always necessary.
1.Cut off a length of about 6 inches (l5 cm.) and tie
the ends together to form a loop.
2.Hold between left thumb and right index finger
(to clean upper left quadrant and the fingers are
reversed for the right quadrant).
38.
39. 3. The floss is held between the fingers and gently
worked from the occlusal through the contact
point down to the gingival cervix, wrapped
round half the circumference of the tooth and
scrapped upwards for its entire length. Where it
is impossible to introduce the floss through a
contact point (e.g. soldered contacts of bridge
pontics or splints), the floss is passed under the
contact using a floss threader.
40.
41. • There is also special flossing devices none of
them is recommended because they are not
easier to handle than the floss itself. Each
patient will develop a technique that is
comfortable for him.
42.
43. B. The tooth pick:
• This is used to remove bacterial mass from
areas inaccessible to the brush bristle.
• They should be only recommended where there
is sufficient interdental space not filled with
gingival tissues.
• They should be inserted into the embrasure
pointed end first, with the stick at an angle of
45° to the long axis of the tooth, and the sharp
edge of the stick away from the gingiva.
44.
45. • The stick is rubbed about 12 times in each space
with the tip pointing coronally.
• They are also effective in disturbing the plaque in
periodontal pockets, cleaning root surfaces,
cleaning buccal surfaces of third molars and the
lingual surfaces of lower molars.
• Medicated and plastic tooth picks are available.
• Tooth picks are usually used in cases of wide
embrasures while dental floss is preferred in cases
of tight interproximal contact.
46. C. The rubber tip:
• Located on the handle of some tooth brushes
and it is used for further stimulation of the
gingiva.
• The rubber tip is placed between the teeth
pointing towards the occlusal surface. It is held
at 45° angle to the gum.
• Pressure is maintained against the gum; and
the tip is vibrated.
• The use of the rubber tip helps in cleaning the
interdental space as well as stimulating and
massaging the gingival tissues.
47.
48.
49. D. The interdental brush:
• It is a single tufted brush used for cleaning the
interdental spaces from the lingual and labial
aspects.
• Patients find no difficulty in its handling.
• The brush has the advantage of reaching
posterior areas easily.
50.
51.
52.
53. 3. Oral rinsing:
• The purpose of rinsing the mouth is to remove
the material that has been loosened with the
floss and the toothbrush bristles.
• The teeth and the mouth are rinsed by forcing
water vigorously back and forth through the
teeth several times.
• This is also quite effective in removing traces of
sugar from the mouth.
• Oral rinsing can be recommended when it is not
possible to brush the teeth after the intake of
potentially cariogenic food.
54. • The use of forced water stream to remove oral
debris may be sometimes essential.
• There is a special appliance available for this
purpose (the water irrigator) it is used to clean
the pockets that form along the sides of the roots,
around and under bridges, and around and under
orthodontic appliances.
• The forced water stream used should be gentle
and the water flow may be continuous or
intermittent.
55.
56.
57. 4. Dental prophylaxis:
• This procedure consists of removing the hard
deposits on the surfaces of the teeth by
scaling, then smoothening and polishing the
surfaces with pumice on rubber cups and
brushes.
• The smooth well polished surfaces of the
teeth are less susceptible to be stained or
coated by dental plaque.
• By this procedure, early carious lesions can
be easily recognized.
58.
59. III.Topical protection of teeth:
• This includes all measures applied to increase
the resistance of the intact outer tooth
surface.
• Among these measures are operative
dentistry, prophylactic odontotomy,
prophylactic fissure filling, topical
chemotherapy, fissure sealants, preventive
resin restoration and atraumatic dentistry
(ART) are the most essential.
60. 1. Fissure sealants:
Fissure sealants are materials used to
(correct) seal deep pits and fissures and
change them into non-retentive surfaces.
There is considerable evidence that a
significant caries reduction observed when
fissure sealants are correctly applied to deep
pits and fissures of newly erupted teeth.
61.
62. • Types of sealant materials:
Nowadays several materials are commercially
available. These are either chemically cure or
light cure (using visible light). These are:
1.BIS- GMA resin (filled or unfilled).
2.Glass ionomer cement.
3.Compomer.
63. • Application of pit and fissure sealants:
It should be noted that newly erupted posterior
teeth with deep pits and fissures are the suitable
teeth for application.
64. Steps of application are:
1) Remove any debris using pumice slurry on
small brush or prophylactic rubber cup.
2) Wash the tooth with air water spray.
3) Isolate the tooth with cotton rolls and use saliva
ejector.
4) Dry the tooth with compressed air.
5) Etch the occlusal tooth surface with enamel
etching solution or gel (37% ortho-phosphoric
acid) for one minute.
6) Wash thoroughly with air water spray.
65.
66. 7) Dry with compressed air until chalky white
enamel surface appears.
8) Apply the fissure sealant with little brush.
9) Polymerize light cure sealant for 20 seconds
keeping the tip of the light gun as close to the
surface as possible.
10)Check the height (high spots) of the polymerized
material and correct with fine stone when
possible.
11)Check the success of sealant application at 6
monthly period.
67.
68.
69.
70. 2. Fluoride varnish:
It is a sticky yellowish protective coating in a
resin base that is painted over the teeth surface
in an attempt to prevent dental caries or to allow
remineralization of initially demineralized
enamel surfaces. Studies showed about 18-70%
reduction of smooth surface caries.
71.
72. Advantages:
Easy application.
Patient's acceptance.
Higher fluoride than gels and foam.
Negligible amount of ingested fluoride.
73. • It has the ability to adhere to enamel for long
periods and thus release fluoride slowly to the
teeth.
• The commercially available varnishes contain
either 5% Sodium fluoride or 1 % Fluorosilane.
• It is applied by brush and allowed to harden for
5-6 minutes. The application should be repeated
at 3-6 months interval.
74. 3. Preventive resin restoration:
This procedure was born of fissure sealant.
The technique is based upon restoring minimal
carious lesion usually in young permanent
molars with minimum removal of tooth
structures, while concomitantly preventing
caries from attacking other pits and fissures on
the same surface without mechanically removal
of these areas.
75.
76. • Technique:
A small round bur may be used for access and
removal any carious tissue. The tooth is then
etched as for sealant application, and a pit and
fissure sealant is applied. A composite of thin
consistency may be used.
77. 4. Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART):
The two main principle of ART are:
A. Removing carious tooth tissue using hand
instruments only.
B. Restoring the cavity with adhesive filling
material currently as glass ionomer.
78. Carious cavities suitable for ART should be:
A. Involving the dentin with no pulpal
involvement.
B. Accessible to hand instruments.
79.
80. • The advantages of ART include:
1.Use of easily available and inexpensive
procedure to conserve sound tooth surfaces.
2.Permit oral health care workers to reach people
who otherwise never would have received any
oral care; such as handicapped, villages in rural
and suburban areas, homebound, institutionalized
people and economically less developed
countries.
81. • Laser Light in preventive dentistry:
Recently, laser has been introduced for use in
dentistry. Different approaches has been thought
to be promising in caries prevention for:
1.Increasing the resistance of dental tissues to
caries by reducing the rate of demineralization.
2.Sealing pits and fissures and homogenizes the
enamel surface by melting structural elements.
82.
83. 3. Laser application encourages fluoride uptake by
dental tissues.
4. Laser application to carious lesions vaporizes
enamel caries and adjacent sound enamel fuses
and eliminates small defects.
5. Application of laser prior to application of fissure
sealants improves its retention.