The document discusses various methods and agents used for oral hygiene and cleaning, including toothpastes, dental floss, interdental brushes, and oral irrigators. It describes how ingredients in toothpastes can help reduce issues like cavities, plaque, gingivitis, and sensitivity. Additionally, it outlines the mechanisms of different interdental cleaning devices and how oral irrigators have been shown to significantly reduce gingivitis and bleeding when used at home.
Plaque Control / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Plaque Control / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
brief overview of plaque control including mechanical plaque control, images, interdental aids, composition of toothpaste, classification of plaque control, toothbrushing technique, manual method of plaque control
Plaque Control is the most essential step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment.
Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues.
Shield celebrate the world oral health day with calibration of PDA at Altamash Institute Of Dental Medicine. In this occasion Dr Aakifa Javed, 3rd year BDS student, presented "Methods to control plaque formation in the oral cavity & proper brushing technique(bass technique).
The content narrates about commercially available disclosing agents for the detection of dental plaque. It holds its significance from both clinician and patient viewpoint, especially in reinforcing oral hygiene measures and early detection of inflammatory changes in the gums.
brief overview of plaque control including mechanical plaque control, images, interdental aids, composition of toothpaste, classification of plaque control, toothbrushing technique, manual method of plaque control
Plaque Control is the most essential step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment.
Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues.
Shield celebrate the world oral health day with calibration of PDA at Altamash Institute Of Dental Medicine. In this occasion Dr Aakifa Javed, 3rd year BDS student, presented "Methods to control plaque formation in the oral cavity & proper brushing technique(bass technique).
The content narrates about commercially available disclosing agents for the detection of dental plaque. It holds its significance from both clinician and patient viewpoint, especially in reinforcing oral hygiene measures and early detection of inflammatory changes in the gums.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. People have used various compounds
(eg.pumice,oyster shells, and chalk) to clean
their teeth since around 5000BC.
Dentrifice ingredients help to reduce caries,
plaque, gingivitis, calculus, stain, halitosis,
and hypersensitivity.
3. Caries is simply the result of
demineralisation/remineralisation cycles where,
over time, demineralisation conditions prevail.
Fluoride can be delivered in several different
chemical forms:
Stannous fluoride(SnF2)
Sodium fluoride(NaF)
Sodium monofluorophosphate
Amine fluoride
Aluminium fluoride(AlF3)
4. The chemical agents used for calculus control in dentrifice are
Pyrophosphate: It occurs naturally in saliva and plays a role in
inhibiting calculus formation. These molecules chelate calcium,
slowing the rate of nucleation (crystal formation) and
calcification of plaque.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP): sodium HMP is a large
polyphosphate molecule and has multiple calcium binding sites in
one molecule. Sodium HMP is too large of a molecule to enter
into tooth enamel, so there is no danger of it entering between
enamel rods and sequestering calcium from sound enamel. It is
sometimes called a calcium surface – active builder.
Zinc: positively charged zinc ion (Zn2+) inhibits crystal growth by
substituting for calcium in the crystal lattice of calcium
phosphate.
Gantrez: gantrez is a copolymer of methylvinyl ether(PVM) and
maleic acid (MA) and acts as a chelating agent.
5. • Bleaching products that contain hydrogen peroxide or
carbamide peroxide(ie, dental office bleaching trays)
address intrinsic stains as well as extrinsic stains.
Extrinsic stain: Extrinsic (surface) stains can be relatively
easily removed on a daily basis by proper tooth brushing
with a dentrifrice. The abrasivity of dentrifrice is
measured in terms of Relative dentin abrasivity, or RDA.
The lower the RDA, the less abrasive the dentrifrice. The
international standards organisation (ISO) states that a
dentrifrice should not exceed an RDA of 250, which is
considered safe for hard tissue.
Intrinsic stain: intrinsic stains are stains and
discolourations that are located below the enamel
surface. Bleaching is usually used to remove or minimize
intrinsic discolourations.
6. Stannous: Stannous fluoride by being bactericidal and non specific
interaction with the bacterial membrane causes membrane
disruption. Stannous ion’s inhibition of metabolic enzymes, which
further lead to reduction of bacterial growth, prevention of bacterial
adhesion to oral surfaces(eg.enamel) and reduction in bacterial
hypoproducts.
Triclosan: triclosan is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent that
inserts into and distrupts the bacterial membrane. Being a nonpolar
molecule, it has an affinity for the hydrophobic environment of lipid
bilayer.
Zinc: it has mild antibacterial properties inhibiting cell division and
slowing the growth cycle. When it is added with dentrifrice
formulation it present some challenges such as poor bioavailability
and an unpleasant taste.
Chlorhexidine: chlorhexidine disrupts bacterial membranes,
resulting in bacterial death. It is used as an ingredient in mouth wash
and dentrifrice. it has some side effects such as poor taste and
staining.
7. It is generally treated in one of the two ways.
Chemical desensitization of the tooth nerve endings
Tubule occluding agents or barriers to reduce dentin permeability
Calcium carbonate creates a basic environment. Calcium
phosphate salts are less soluble at higher PH(more basic),
therefore the combination of high local calcium
concentration at the dentin tubule at basic PH promotes
rapid precipitation of calcium phosphate salts.
Strontium(Sr2+) is a metal ion, and in the oral cavity it can
form insoluble metal salts that can plug dentin tubules.
Stannous ion is also a tubule occluding agent that treats
dentin hypersensitivity through hydrolysis and oxidation
reactions.
8. Humactants – glycerin and sorbitol
Binders – referred as thickeners.
o They provide texture and determine how “thick” or “runny” the
dentrifrice is.
o Xanthun gum, carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) carbomers, carrageenan,
and synthetic cellulose are commonly used.
Buffers:: they help to maintain PH constant.
Eg:Trisodium phosphates, and sodium citrate.
Flavours and sweeteners: to improve dentrifrice taste. Eg:peppermint,
saccharin, and xylitol.
Surfactants: they create foaming and aid in the cleaning process by
helping to loosen plaque and debris. Eg: sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS).
Colours/visuals: the colouring agents are added to provide dentrifrice with
pleasing colours.
o Opacity of a paste dentrifrice - titanium dioxide
o Mica - sparky appearance
9. Any tooth brush, regardless of the brushing method used, does not
completely remove interdental plaque biofilms.
Dental floss: floss is made from nylon filaments or plastic mono filaments
and comes in waxed, unwaxed, thick, thin, and flavoured varieties.
Waxed dental floss was thought to leave a waxy film on proximal surfaces,
thus contributing to biofilm accumulation and gingivitis.
Disposable single use floss holders with prethreaded floss are also
available.
Powered flossing devices are also available. The devices have shown to be
safe and effective, but no better at plaque biofilm removal than holding the
floss in the fingers.
Uses:
o Removal of adherent plaque and food debris from the
interproximal embrassure
o Polishing of tooth
o Stimulating and massaging the inter dental pappilae
10. oHelping in locating the following
Subgingival calculus deposits
Overhanging margins of the restorations
Proximal carious lesions
oVehicle for application of polishing or theraupeutic
agents to interproximal and subgingival areas.
Disadvantages:
oIt is time consuming
oRequires skill
oCarries the risk of tissue damage if not used properly
12. Circle or loop method:
In this method, a loop or circle of the floss is
made from about 12-18 inches long piece and
both ends are tied securely with the three
knots. All the fingers except the thumbs of
both the hands are placed within the loop and
the floss is held tightly by both the hands
having about 1-2 inches of floss between
fingers of both the hands.
Floss holders may also be used for holding the
floss, especially in patients lacking manual
dexterity. Powered flossing devices are also
available which moves the pestrung floss in
short motions.
13. The floss is then passed gently through each
contact area with a firm back and forth motion.
Once the floss is apical to the contact area, it is
wrapped around the proximal surface of one
tooth and slipped gently under the marginal
gingiva.
The floss is then moved firmly along the tooth up
to the contact area and gently down into the
sulcus again, repeating this stroke for 2-3 times.
Then move the floss across the interdental
gingiva and repeat the procedure on the
adjacent tooth until the whole dentition is
covered.
14. Interdental cleaning devices: concave root
surfaces such as the mesial aspect of the
maxillary first bicuspid and furcations are often
present in periodontal patients who have
experienced significant attachment loss and
recession, they are not cleaned well with dental
floss
15. Interdental brushes: a wide variety of interdental cleaning devices are
available for removing microbial plaque biofilm from between the teeth.
The most common types are conical or cylindrical brushes, tapered
wooden tooth picks that are round or triangular in cross section, and
single-tufted brushes.
o interdental brushes of any style are inserted through the
interproximal spaces and moved back and forth between the teeth
with short strokes.
o single tufted brushes provide access to furcation areas, or isolated
areas of deep recession and work well on the lingual surfaces of
mandibular molars and premolars, these areas are often missed when
using a tooth brush and floss.
Wooden or rubber tips: they are used either with or without a handle.
triangular wooden tips are also available; this design is most useful in
the anterior areas when used from buccal surfaces of the teeth.
rubber tips are conical and mounted on handles or the ends of the
tooth brushes; they are reusable and can be easily adapted to all
proximal surfaces in the mouth.
plastic tips that resemble wooden or rubber tips are also available and
are used in the same way.
16. They are 5 or 6mm long
Soft, triangular wooden or plastic picks are placed in the
interdental space with the base of the triangle resting on
the gingiva and the sides in contact with the proximal
surfaces of the tooth.the pick Is then repeatedly moved in
and out of the embrassure several times to remove the
biofilm. The disadvantage of this is they do not reach well
in to the posterior areas or lingual surfaces.
Rubber tips should be placed into the embrassure space
resting on the gingiva, and used in a circular motion.
17. Home/self - applied irrigation:
The body of evidence on the oral
irrigators(also called water flosser and dental
water jet) consistently has been shown to
significantly reduce gingivitis, bleeding on
probing, and periodontal pathogens.
18. The mechanism of action of irrigation occurs through the direct
application of pulse stream of water or other solution.
Pulsating devices have been shown to be 3 times as effective as
continuous - stream irrigating syringe.
clinical efficacy have been done using water flosser with 1200-1400
pulsations per minute set on a medium to a high pressure setting (50-90
psi)
Oral irrigators with varying pulsation and pressure are available, but like
other self-care products, research from one product brand should not be
extrapolated to other brands since they may have used a different
pressure setting and pulsation rate.
Two zones of hydrokinetic activity: the impact zone in which the solution
reaches into the subgingival sulcus.
Home irrigation has been demonstrated to penetrate subgingivally with
both a jet tip and soft, site-specific, subgingival tip.
19. Supragingival irrigation is irrigation with a jet tip
placed above the gingival margin resulting in
penetrtion of a solution into the subgingival
sulcus to approximately 50%
The jet tip is generally used for full - mouth
irrigation.
Supragingival tips enhanced with soft, tapered
bristles.
Irrigation with soft, site - specific tip is called
subgingival irrigation.
The subgingival tip is used for the localised
irrigation of a specific site such as deep pocket,
furcation, implant, or crown and bridge.
20. Removal of plaque biofilm and reductions in
calculus, gingivitis, bleeding on probing,
probing depth, periodontal pathogens, and
inflammatory mediators.
Home irrigation has been studied and found
safe and effective for those with gingivitis,
implants, crown and bridge, orthodontics,
intermaxillary fixation, and diabetes; patients
who are non complaint with dental floss; and
in periodontal maintanance.