1. DEFINITION 2. CLASSIFICATION 3. DENTAL SURGERY ASSISTANT 4. DENTAL SECRETARY/ RECEPTIONIST 5. DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN 6. DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATOR 7. SCHOOL DENTAL NURSE 8. DENTAL THERAPIST 9. DENTAL HYGIENIST 10. EXPANDED FUNCTION DENTAL AUXILIARY (EFDA) 11. FRONTIER AUXILIARIES 12. NEW AUXILIARY TYPES 13.DEGREES OF SUPERVISION OF AUXILIARIES

1. DENTAL AUXILIARY
PRESENTED BY-
SNEHA PATIL
(final year BDS student)

2. DEFINITION
A dental auxiliary can be defined as ‘A person
who is given responsibilities by a dentist so that
he or she can help the dentists render dental
care, but who is not himself or herself qualified
with a dental degree’.

3. CLASSIFICATION – WHO (1967)
1. NON OPERATING AUXILIARY:
A) CLINICAL: a person who
assists the dentist in his clinical
work but does not carry out any
independent procedures in the
oral cavity.
B) LABORATORY: a person who
assist the professional (dentist)
by carrying out certain technical
laboratory procedures.

4. CLASSIFICATION – WHO (1967)
2. OPERATING AUXILIARY:
This is a person who not being a
professional is permitted to carry out
certain treatment procedures in the
mouth under the direction and
supervision of a professional.

5. REVISED CLASSIFICATION
NON OPERATING AUXILIARIES
 Dental surgery assistant
 Dental secretary/ receptionist
 Dental laboratory technician
 Dental health educator
OPERATING AUXILIARIES
 School dental nurse
 Dental therapist
 Dental hygienist
 Expanded function dental auxiliaries

6. DENTAL SURGERY ASSISTANT
 1885 – Dr. C. Edmund Kells of
New Orleans
 Woman as “lady in attendance”
 Help dentist in business office as
well as chair.
 Perform non – technical work that
do not require any or much
training
 Dentist can concentrate & devote
full attention to care of patient.

7. DUTIES
RECEPTION OF THE
PATIENT
PREPARATION OF THE
PATIENT FOR ANY
TREATMENT

8. DUTIES
Preparation and provision of all necessary
facilities, such as mouthwashes, napkins.

9. DUTIES
STERILIZATION CARE
PREPARATION OF
INSTRUMENTS PATIENT
INSTRUCTIONS

10. DUTIES
MIXING
MATERIALS
AFTER
TREATMENT
PATIENT CARE
PREPARATION OF
SURGERY FOR
NEXT PATIENT

11. DUTIES
PRESENTATION
OF DOCUMENTS
ASSISTANCE WITH
X-RAY
AFTER CARE OF
GA PATIENTS

12. DENTAL SECRETARY / RECEPTIONIST
 Assists the dentist with his
secretarial work and patient
reception duties.

13. DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN
 Is a non- operating auxiliary who
fulfills the prescriptions provided
by dentists regarding the extra
oral construction and repair of oral
appliances and bridge work.
DUTIES :
 Casting of models from
impressions made by the dentist.
 Fabrication of dentures, splints,
orthodontic appliances, inlays,
crowns & special trays.

14. THE DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA HAS PRESCRIBED THAT-
 The course of studies should extend over a period of two
academic years and lead to the qualification of dental mechanic
certificate.
 The candidate should be at least 15 years of age at the time of
admission or within 3 months of it and should be medically fit.
 The candidate must have passed at least matriculation
examination of a recognized university taking science subject or an
equipment recognized qualification.

15. DENTURIST
It is a term applied to those dental laboratory technician who are
permitted to fabricate dentures directly for patients without
prescription of dentist
-ADA defines Denturism “as the fitting and dispensing of dentures
illegally to the public.”
-The ADA has vigorously opposed the denturist movement at the
political level.
-The WHO Expert Committee on Auxiliary Dental Personnel(1959)
has recommended that only qualified dentists may work directly on
patients.

16. DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATOR
 This is the person who
instructs in the prevention of
dental disease and who may
also be permitted to apply
preventive agents intra orally.

17. SCHOOL DENTAL NURSE
 in 1921 first training school for
dental nurse – ‘Dominion Training
School for Dental Nurses’ was
opened in Wellington, New
Zealand.
 Sir Thomas Hunter, a founder of
the New Zealand dental
association and a pioneer in the
establishment of a dental school
in New Zealand.
 Training – 2 years
 Assigned to school by government
 Expected to provide care for
children at nearly 6 month interval

18. DUTIES
Oral examination prophylaxis Topical fluoride
application

19. DUTIES
Advice on dietary fluoride
supplements
Administration of local anesthetic

20. DUTIES
Cavity preparation and
placement of amalgam
filling in primary and
permanent teeth
Pulp capping Extraction of primary
teeth

21. DUTIES
Individual patient
instruction in tooth brushing
and oral hygiene
Classroom and parent-
teacher dental health
education.
Referral of patient to private practitioners
for more complex services

22. DENTAL THERAPIST
 This is an operating auxiliary , who is
permitted to carry out the prescription of a
supervising dentist, certain specified
preventive and treatment measures including
the preparation of cavities and restoration of
teeth.
 They are like school dental nurse but their
role is quite different, they are not permitted
to diagnose and plan dental care. They are
permitted to work based on the written
treatment plan by the dentist.
 Course duration – 2 years

23. DUTIES
 Clinical caries diagnosis
 Cavity preparation in deciduous and permanent teeth
 Vital pulpotomies under rubber dam in deciduous teeth
 Extraction of deciduous teeth under local anaesthesia
They have little training in interpretation of x-rays. They are not trained to provide
endodontic treatment

24. DENTAL HYGIENIST
 A dental hygienist is an operating
auxiliary licensed and registered
to practice dental hygiene under
the laws of the appropriate state,
province, territory or nation.
 The dental hygienist works under
supervision of dentists.
DUTIES:
 Scaling
 Fluoride app, Pit & Fissure
Sealants
 Screening
 Oral Hygiene Instruction

25. THE DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA HAS PRESCRIBED
THAT-
 In 1905, Fones trained Mrs. Irene Newman in the procedures of dental prophylaxis. In
1906, she was at work in Dr. Fones office and became the first dental hygienist.
 Dr. Fones was considered as the ‘father of dental hygiene.’
 The course of studies should extend over a period of two academic years and lead
to the qualification of Dental Hygienist certificate.
 The candidate should be at least 15 years of age at the time of admission or within
3 months of it and should be medically fit.
 The candidate must have passed at least matriculation examination of recognized
university taking science subject or an equivalent recognized qualification.

26. EXPANDED FUNCTION DENTAL
AUXILIARY ( EFDA)
 An EFDA is also referred expanded
function dental assistant, expanded
function dental hygienist, expanded
function auxiliary techno therapist,
expanded function duty dental auxiliary.
 An EFDA is a dental assistant or dental
hygienist in some cases who has received
further training in duties related to the
direct treatment of patients though still
working under the supervision of a
dentist.

27. DUTIES
 Placing and removing of rubber dams
 Placing and removing temporary restorations
 Placing and removing matrix bands
 Condensing and carving amalgam restorations in previously placed teeth
 Placing of acrylic restorations in previously prepared teeth
 Applying the final finish and polish to the previously listed restoration
Four levels of training and qualification were recognised
1. Certified dental assistant
2. Preventive dental assistant
3. Dental hygienist
4. Dental hygienist with expanded duties

28. 1.CERTIFIED DENTAL ASSISTANT
Training course is of 8 months duration. The assistant was taught traditional chair side duties.
2. PREVENTIVE DENTAL ASSISTANT
Trainee should be certified dental assistant. Fulltime courses were of 3-6 weeks length. They’re
permitted to
 Polish the coronal portions of teeth without instrumentation
 Make impressions for study models
 Topically apply caries preventive agents
 Place and remove rubber dam
 Maintain a patient’s oral hygiene
3. DENTAL HYGIENIST
The student has to be a certified dental assistant . Fulltime courses were of 3-6 weeks lengths. They’re
allowed to carry out
 Scaling
 Conduct a preliminary examination of the oral cavity including taking case history, periodontal
examination and recording clinical findings
 Provide a complete prophylaxis including scaling , root planing and polishing of fillings
 Apply and remove a periodontal pack
 Apply fissure sealant

29. 4. DENTAL HYGIENIST WITH EXPANDED DUTIES
Training of 4 months duration was given to dental hygienists who had at least
one year’s practical experience. They’re allowed to carry out
 Removing sutures
 Placing, finishing and polishing restorations of amalgam and resin
 Placing and removing matrix bands
 Placing cavity liners
 Retracting gingiva for impression making
 Fitting and removing orthodontic bands
 Separating of teeth prior to banding by a dentist
 Cementing temporary crowns previously fitted by a dentist
 Placing temporary fillings

30. FRONTIER AUXILIARIES
It refers to the community of nurses and former dental assistants who
are provided training to work in rural areas which are distant from
public or private dental clinics
They’re trained to provide services like
 Simple dental procedures
 Basic dental health education
 Organising fluoride rinse programmes
 Simple denture repairs
 First aid can be rendered in case with pain

31. NEW AUXILIARY TYPES
The expert committee on auxiliary dental personnel of WHO(1959) has
suggested two new types of dental auxiliaries
 Dental licentiate
 Dental aide

32. DENTAL LICENTIATE
A semi-independent operator trained for 2
years to perform-
 Dental prophylaxis
 cavity preparation n filling
 Extractions under L.A
 drainage of dental abscess
 early recognition of more serious dental
problems.
 Treatment of the most prevalent diseases of
supporting tissues of the teeth.
They are responsible to the chief of the regional or local health service. Their
services would probably occur in rural or frontier areas and so, supervision
and control would probably be remote

33. DENTAL AIDE
They perform duties which include elementary first aid procedures for the
relief of pain, including
 Performs elementary first-aid procedures including:
 extraction of teeth under L.A, control of hemorrhage,
 Recognition of dental disease which requires the transfer Of patient to
dental office.
They receive a training of 4-6 months
followed by a period of field training
under direct and constant supervision.
They operate only within a salaried
health organisation and be under
supervision

34. DEGREE OF SUPERVISION OF AUXILIARIES
ADA(1975) defined four degrees of supervision of auxiliaries with the
assumption that ultimate responsibility was assumed by the licensed
dentist.
1. General supervision -The dentist has authorised the procedures and
they’re being carried out in accordance with diagnosis and
treatment
2. Indirect supervision-the dentist is in the dental office, authorises the
procedures and remain in the dental office while the procedures
are being performed by auxiliary

35. 3.Direct supervision
the dentist is in the office personally diagnoses the condition to be treated,
personally authorises the procedures and before dismissal of the patient
evaluate the performance of the dental auxiliary.
4. Personal supervision
the dentist is personally operated on a patient and authorise the auxiliary to aid
treatment by concurrently performing supportive measures