Albert Bandura was a pioneering psychologist who developed social learning theory and the concept of observational learning. He proposed that people can learn new behaviors and information by watching others, either through direct experience or through various forms of media. Bandura identified four processes of observational learning: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. His famous Bobo doll experiments in the 1960s demonstrated that children's exposure to and imitation of aggressive behaviors could be influenced by observing and modeling adult behaviors. Bandura's social learning theory and concept of observational learning had significant impacts on the fields of education, parenting, advertising, and beyond.

1. Albert Badura’sContribution
in Educational Psychology
By
Irshad Narejo

2. Albert Bandura
(1925-present)
A psychologist and
learning theorist who
first proposed Social
Learning Theory and
can becredited for first
noting observational
learning.

3. Social Learning Theory or
Observational Learning Theory
♦ People can learn new information and behaviors by
watching other people known as Observational Learning
(or modeling).
♦ Elementsof observational learning
♦ Attention
♦ Retention
♦ Production
♦ Motivation

4. Social CognitiveTheory
♦ Social Cognitive Theory Humans can learn by
observing and modeling others.
♦ Social cognitive learning theory explains
human behavior in terms of continuous
reciprocal interaction between cognitive,
behavioral, and environmental influences.
♦ This learning theory emphasizes the importance
of observing and modeling the behaviors,
attitudes, and emotional reactionsof others.

5. Social CognitiveLearning Theory
♦ Social cognitivetheory statesthat thereare
threecharacteristicsthat areuniqueto
humans:
♦ Vicariousconsequences(Model and imitate
others)
♦ Self–efficacy (self reflection)
♦ Performancestandardsand moral conduct
(Ability to regulateone’sown behavior)

6. Bobo doll experiment
♦ “Bobo Doll” studies demonstrated observational
learning and impact on violent behavior in children.
♦ After seeing adults hit a doll and either be rewarded,
punished, or neither, children were shown to have
learned theaggressivebehavior.
♦ If a model is rewarded for his or her actions, an
observer is more likely to replicatethebehavior. The
more an observer likes or respects the model, the
morelikely they areto replicatetheir behavior.

7. Bobo Doll Experiment 1965

8. Social Learning Theory in
Education
♦ Students often learn a great deal simply by
observing other people.
♦ Describing the consequences of behavior is
can effectively increase the appropriate
behaviorsand decreaseinappropriateones.
♦ This can involve discussing with learners
about the rewards and consequences of
variousbehaviors.

9. ♦ Modeling provides an alternative to shaping
for teaching new behaviors. Instead of using
shaping, which is operant conditioning,
modeling can provide a faster , more
efficient meansfor teaching new behavior.
♦ Teachers and parents must model
appropriate behaviors and take care that they
do not model inappropriatebehaviors.

10. ♦ Teachers should expose students to a variety of
other models.
♦ .Students must believe that they are capable of
accomplishing school tasks. Thus it is very
important to develop a sense of self-efficacy for
students.
♦ Teachers can promote such self-efficacy by
having students receive confidence-building
messages, watch others be successful, and
experiencesuccesson their own.

11. ♦ Teachers should help students set realistic
expectations for their academic
accomplishments.
♦ Self-regulation techniques provide an
effective method for improving student
behavior .

12. Achievements
* In 1972, he received a distinguished
achievement award from the American
Psychological Association and a Scientist
Award from the California State Psychological
Association.
* In 1974, Bandur was elected president of the
American Psychological Association.
* In 1980, he was elected the president of the
Western Psychological Association.

13. ♦ He received the Thorndike Award for
Distinguished Contributions of Psychology to
Education from the American Psychological
Association in 1998.
♦ In 2004, he also received the Outstanding Lifetime
Contribution to Psychology Award from the
American Psychological Association .
♦ Bandura has also received several honorary
degrees from universities all over the
world .

14. Books
♦ Ado le sce nt Ag g re ssio n (1959)
♦ ASo cialLe arning
Analysis (1973).
So cialLe arning and Pe rso nality
De ve lo pm e nt (1 9 6 3)
♦ So cialLe arning The o ry, which was
published in 1977.

15. References
♦ Albert Bandura. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12, 2003
from theFrancisMarion University website:
www.fmarion.edu/~personality/exper/bandura.html
♦ Albert Bandura. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18,
2003 from theMinot StateUniversity website:
http://www.misu.nodak.edu/psych/Burke/book/bandu
ra.html
♦ Albert Bandura: Biographical Sketch. (n.d.). Retrieved
October 6, 2003 from theEmory University
website:http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/ban

16. Thank you