The document discusses Albert Bandura's social learning theory. Bandura believed that learning occurs through observation and imitation of behaviors, and that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Key aspects of his theory included observational learning, attention, retention, motivation, and enactive learning. Bandura's theory suggested that behavior is shaped by environmental and cognitive factors, and that people can learn through observing models.
Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. Among others Albert Bandura is considered the leading proponent of this theory.
The presentation will help you understand the concepts given by Albert Bandura on Social Learning, which includes the
Bobo Doll Experiment and also its implications.
Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. Among others Albert Bandura is considered the leading proponent of this theory.
The presentation will help you understand the concepts given by Albert Bandura on Social Learning, which includes the
Bobo Doll Experiment and also its implications.
This is Walden University course (EDUC8101-7) Major Assessment #1: PowerPoint Presentation: What is learning? What is education? It is formatted in APA and includes references. Most universities submit higher-education assignments to turnitin; so, remember to paraphrase. Enjoy your discovery!
A children learn through #Observation #Imitation & #Modelling also. In the process of #Education, this theory is very necessary for classroom situations.
#Social Learning Theory #Educational Psychology #Learning Theory #Observational learning #Social learning
This is a Trident University course (MAE502), Module 1 Case (PowerPoint Presentation: What is Learning. What is Education. It is written in APA format, has been graded by an instructor (A), and includes references. Most higher-education assignments are submitted to turnitin, so remember to paraphrase. Let us begin.
EDUC 8005 Module 3 Project: Preparing For Researcheckchela
This is a Walden University course (EDUC 8005-Module 3), EDUC 8005 Module 3 Project: Preparing For Research. It is written in APA format, has been graded by an instructor (A), and includes references. Most higher-education assignments are submitted to turnitin, so remember to paraphrase. Let us begin.
Topic: Theories of Learning
Student Name: Kanwal Shaikh
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
EDUC 8005 Module 2 Project: How History Applieseckchela
This is a Walden University course (EDUC 8005-Module 2), How History Applies. It is written in APA format, has been graded by an instructor (A), and includes references. Most higher-education assignments are submitted to turnitin, so remember to paraphrase. Let us begin.
The theories of Jerome Bruner and their impact on the Education of young chil...SairaMubashirButtGME
The theories of Jerome Bruner and their impact on the education of young children across the globe. Promoting teacher development for the betterment of children and educators alike.
“a persisting change in human performance or performance potential . . . (brought) about as a result of the learner’s interaction with the environment”
Running head CHILD OBSERVATION 1 Child Ob.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: CHILD OBSERVATION 1
Child Observation
Student Name
Brandman University
Date
CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2
Abstract
This paper discusses an observation done in a child care setting with a child who was four years old at
the time of the observation. During the observation, the child participated in circle time, snack time,
and free play, where the observer was able to look for behavioral indicators of her development. After
the observation, activities were assigned to four categories: social skills, fine motor skills, gross motor
skills, and cognitive skills. Applications of the observation were made to Erikson, Vygotsky, and
Bandura’s theories. This child is developing within “normal” standards, demonstrating a healthy self-
esteem and a willingness to look to adults as role models.
CHILD DEVELOPMENT 3
Child Observation
Name: Jerry Doe
Term: Summer 1, 2017
First Name of Child: Claudia
Age of Child: 4 years old
Date of Observation: June 4, 2019
Time of Observation: 2:00 to 3:00 p.m.
Place of Observation: Child Care Center
Other People Present in the Observation Setting: 1 teacher, 2 assistants, 9 other children
Development: Appears to be normal and on track according to guidelines
Permission: Permission was granted by the Director of the Child Care Center and parents
Description of Setting
Claudia was observed through a two way mirror. At no time did the observer and the child interact.
During the observation, Claudia participated in circle time, snack time, and free play. She appeared to
relate to other children well and was enthusiastic during circle time. She appeared to be on track
developmentally. The room was set up in centers, including dramatic play, blocks, reading, science,
and art.
Social Development
Sits with legs crossed during number and story time
Rocks back and forth while singing with the group
Smiles and gives the answer when the teacher asks the group to identify a number
Talks to child next to her three different times
Smiles and yells another answer when the teacher calls on her
Points to the felt board while talking to the girl next to her
Smiles at the girl next to her
CHILD DEVELOPMENT 4
Claps for the other children three different times
Tells a boy he “did a good job”
Hugs a girl next to her two different times
Scoots closer to the girl next to her and smiles
Leans toward and boy and talks to him during snack time
Talks to others at the table during snack
Hits a boy on the head with her twisted-up paper placemat
Pulls on a boy’s shirt while taking him to the book area
Squeezes between the boy and another girl on the couch and laughs and smiles
Shares book with two other children
Smiles when teacher tells her she is correct
Tells girl next to her, “I got it right!”
Gross Motor Skills Development
Crosses her legs 6 different times wh ...
Andragogy – Malcolm Knowles 1
Andragogy
Malcolm Knowles
Submitted by Steven R. Crawford, [email protected]
What is Andragogy?
Andragogy literally means leader of man (andr- is Latin for “man” and agogus is Latin for
“leader of”)
Dusan Savicevic, a Yugoslavian educator, made Knowles aware of the term “Andragogy” in
1967. (Knowles 1990) The term was actually coined by a German educator, Alexander Kapp, in
1833.
Knowles had already begun building a comprehensive theory of adult learning that is anchored in
the characteristics of adult learners. Beginning with concepts researched by Cross (Adult
Learning Theory), Gagne (Conditions of Learning), Houle, Rogers (Experiential Learning),
Tough, and others, he developed the andragogical model based on several assumptions that
differed from the accepted pedagogical models. These include:
1. The need to know – Adults need to know why they need to learn something before
undertaking to learn it. …
2. The learner’s self-concept – Adults have a self-concept of being responsible for
their own decisions, for their own lives. Once they have arrived at that self-
concept they develop a deep psychological need to be seen by others and treated
by others as being capable of self-direction. …
3. The role of the learner’s experience – Adults come into educational activity with
both a greater volume and a different quality of experience from youths. …
4. Readiness to learn – Adults become ready to learn those things they need to know
and be able to do in order to cope effectively with their real-life situation. …
5. Orientation to learning – In contrast to children’s and youths’ subject-centered
orientation to learning (at least in school), adults are life-centered (or task-
centered or problem-centered) in their orientation to learning. …
6. Motivation – While adults are responsive to some external motivators (better jobs,
promotions, higher salaries, and the like), the most potent motivators are internal
pressures (the desire for increased job satisfaction, self-esteem, quality of life and
the like). … (Knowles 1990, p57-63)
Definitions Of An Adult Learner
Biological Definition: The age at which an individual can reproduce.
Legal Definition: The age that an individual can vote, drive, marry, etc.
Social Definition: When an individual begins to perform adult roles such as full-time worker,
participating citizen, spouse, parent, etc.
Psychological Definition: When and individual develops a self-concept of being responsible for
their own life.
Steven R. Crawford for ECI 761
Andragogy – Malcolm Knowles 2
Analysis of Andragogy
When applying andragogy to learning, the task or goal of the learner will determine if direct or
indirect methods of instruction should be used. If a concept is one that is previously unknown to
the learner, then more direct instruction will be necessary. An effective method is to address
specific topics of immediate con.
This is a Trident University course (MAE522), Module 1 Case, Theorist of Adult Education: Malcolm S. Knowles. It is written in APA format, has been graded by an instructor (A), and includes references. Most higher-education assignments are submitted to turnitin, so remember to paraphrase. Let us begin.
1. Marie Downing Walden University Richard W. Riley School of Education and Leadership EdD Student EDUC 8101
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Editor's Notes
Hi. My name is Marie Downing. My presentation today is about Albert Bandura. Before we start: (Share a story – one where everyone assumes a particular outcome for a student merely because of their environment. Show how the opposite occurred. Ask the group if they have experienced similar situations? Can they name any in particular?) This presentation will share with you information on Albert Bandura, a well-known psychologist and learning theorist. We will start with a little history about this life and how he got into the field of psychology (not his first choice). Bandura’s social cognitive learning theory combines elements of behaviorism and social learning theory. We will take time today to talk about the Bobo doll experiment. We will also talk about the reciprocal concept before discussing the different motivators and what motivates you. Before I go on I would like to identify the session objectives: Albert Bandura personal history Understanding behaviorism orientation The social cognitive theory, what does it mean The reciprocal concept Understanding self-efficacy Understand two different styles What motivates adult learners What does Bandura’s theory imply for teaching and learning Where do the criticisms come from? Real life applications of Bandura’s theory
We will start by touching briefly on a little history of Bandura’s life and some of his contributions to the field of psychology.
He was one of six children. He was the youngest and the only boy. His parents each emigrated to Canada when they were adolescents His parents did not have any formal education but placed a high value on educational attainment. His high school math curriculum used only one book for the entire four years. "The students had to take charge of their own education," Bandura recalls.
Bandura discussed how some things we do put us into situations that shape the course of our own lives. For example, taking a psychology class just to fill time in the early morning, not because it was his major. He major had been biological sciences
There are many well-know theorists in the field of behaviorism. We will just touch on two of them today. Some feel Thorndike is one of the greatest learning theorists of all times. His book “Adult Learning” was published in 1928. It was one of the first to report on research in adult learning. S-R theory (connectionism) S- Stimuli R-Responses The theorist who did the most development with behaviorism as B.F. Skinner Operant conditioning Reinforce the behaviors you want to see repeated. Ignore behaviors you do not want to see again. Behaviorists espouse, among other assumption that: A person’s environment shapes their behavior. Reinforcement increases the probability a desired action will be repeated.
Commercials make suggestions that viewers will become as beautiful as the model on the screen if they use a particular product. Wash your hair with Dove shampoo and your hair will be just as soft, full, and beautiful as that of the model on the commercial. Bandura’s social cognitive learning theory suggests that people can learn through observation but do not necessarily have to repeat the observed behavior. So if a person sees a commercial for a product that espouses wonderful outcomes, the viewer of the commercial will not necessarily run out to purchase the product. Can you think of a time when you saw a commercial for a new product? Did you purchase the product based on the claims of the commercial alone?
In 1963 Bandura conducted the Bobo Doll experiment . This experiment showed that people will model what they see. The children viewed aggressive actions in a video and when left in the room with the Bobo doll, the exhibited the same aggressive behaviors. We will view a short video of the experiment narrated by Bandura. According to Bandura, the behaviors were repeated 88% of the time (http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/bandura.htm) The behavior of the children in this video is a result of modeling a behavior. Two groups of children watched the adult beat the bobo doll. One group saw the lady rewarded and the second saw her punished.
Psychological processes is a person’s ability to think about images in their minds. Can the person see the image of what the preferred situation would be?
Let’s talk a little about self-efficacy. Can you tell me what self-efficacy means to you?
A person’s perception of how they believe they will behave in particular environments. It is a person’s perception of their abilities. When it came to goal setting, Bandura felt high self-efficacy increased the chances the successful imagines would become a reality. On the other hand he felt low self-efficacy would likely cause an individual to have images of failure. A person may perform either poorly, adequately, or extremely well depending on their self-efficacy thinking. Even in court trials, self-efficacy is something attorneys are considering as they prepare witnesses to take the stand. I want to point out that Bandura says there is a difference between self-efficacy and confidence. Cramer, R., Neal, T., & Brodsky, S. (2009). Self-efficacy and confidence: Theoretical distinctions and implications for trial consultation. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 61(4), 319-334. doi:10.1037/a0017310.
There are many different learning styles, but today we are going to talk briefly about just two of them. Observational learning and enactive learning. Can you think of what these two styles entail?
Observational learning (modeling) Attention is the first process of the observational learning style. In order for a person to learn, first attention must be given to the person. Some people are given more attention than others, for example the favorite student. Learning continues with the person being able to retain what they have learned so that the information can be used at a later date. This can be accomplished with symbols or words. Have you ever drawn upon a memory to help you remember something? The mental pictures we store in minds help us to bring back something we have learned in the past. Symbols can do this as well. Or mnemonics. Who remembers “Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally” Can you think of another time you used mnemonics to remember something? The learned behavior is stored by the individual until they are ready to act upon it. Lastly, the person must be motivated to model the new behavior. Enactive Learning (Learning reinforcement through reward and punishment) Occurs when an individual performs a particular behavior and then witnesses the consequences, positive or negative.
Can you think of different motivators? What motivates you to do things? What motivates you to learn? People base many of their actions upon the anticipated consequence.
There are different types of motivators. There are incentive motivators and vicarious motivators. Incentive motivators: These change depending on the developmental stage of the person. A trip to the park may work for a group of elementary school aged students, but would probably not yield the same results for adult learners. What about money motivators? Pay raises? Bonus points on a test? Vicarious motivators involve witnessing the rewards or punishments of another person Can you think of examples of both incentive and vicarious motivators
We will end our time together today talking about how Bandura’s theory fits into your teaching and learning styles. Can you share some real life applications of Bandura’s theory. Can you think of instances where his theory would be applicable in your work environment?
This list is included in your handout.
Please take time to complete the evaluation.
I am available to answer any more questions you may have after we conclude today’s presentation. Feel free to contact me at [email_address] Thank you again for your time and participation.