The document provides information on the differences between the present perfect and past simple tenses. It outlines four main usages of the present perfect tense: 1) to emphasize a past action without specifying time, 2) for actions that began in the past and continue in the present, 3) for recently completed actions, and 4) for changes or personal experiences. It also discusses time expressions like "yet", "ever", and "never" that are used with the present perfect. Examples are given to illustrate the different usages and time expressions.

1. Complete but not well-organised
Grades: 7+8
Upstream Book Unit 3 Grammar
Present Perfect versus Past Simple
Form: has/have + pp
Usages:
1- A past action. The emphasis is on the action, time is unimportant or unknown, no time.
I've been to Europe. (The most important info is the experience.)
I was in Europe in 2007. (The most important info is time.)
2- A past action continuing to the present
Usually with stative verbs: be, have, like, know
Ex: We have known her for two years

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3- A past action, but recently completed/finished
Ex: I’ve just finished cooking
.
4- A change or a personal experience
Ex: She has lost five kilos.
Time Expressions:
(NOT specified time)
Just, already: recent actions
I’ve just done my homework.
I have already met her
Have you done the shopping already?
Yet: in questions and negatives:
Have you bought the tickets yet?
Bill has not come yet.
Ever, never: personal experiences, mostly
Ever: at any time
Have ever heard about this?
Never: at no time
I’ve never done the chores.
I’ve not met him up till now.
I’ve sent all the emails.
I’ve won an interview.
I have recently started learning English.
I have met hem lately.
We still have not received our story book.
How long: period of time
How long have you been there?
For & Since:
For: period of time
We have been tennis partners for the last year/ three years/ days/ months…etc.
.
Since: point of time
He has lived here since 2000/ last year/ last October/ last Monday/ week/ we last met/ he was at
school/ he was 12…etc .

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Have been to / have gone to:
He has gone to France. “He has not returned”
He has been to England. “He has gone and returned”