This document discusses herbal cosmetics and the raw materials used in their production. It defines herbal cosmetics as cosmetic formulations containing one or more ingredients of natural origin. Some key raw materials discussed include oils from plants like coconut, olive and sunflower. Herbs and plant extracts used include aloe vera, neem, turmeric and green tea. Herbal cosmetics are classified into skin care products, hair care products and oral care products. Important herbal ingredients for skin care discussed are coconut oil, aloe vera and turmeric. For hair care, key herbs mentioned are amla, henna, brahmi and methi. The document highlights the advantages of herbal cos
Regulations in India (ASU DTAB, ASU DCC), Regulation of
manufacture of ASU drugs - Schedule Z of Drugs & Cosmetics Act for ASU drugs.
Introduction
Regulatory Requirements
Key function of regulatory agencies
Regulation in India
DRUG TECHNICAL ADVISORY BOARD
Drugs Consultative committee-DCC
Schedule Z of Drugs & Cosmetics Act for ASU drugs.
Herbs, Herbal Drugs
Present Scope of Herbal Drug Industry
Scope of Herbal Drug Medicine and Industry
Indian Herbal Industry
International Scope of Herbal Medicines
World Wide Herbal Trade
Overview on plant based industries and research institutions in India
List of few herbal drug industries in India
List of few herbal research institution/ centres in India
General Introduction to Herbal Industry
Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
Schedule T – Good Manufacturing Practice of Indian systems of medicine
Components of GMP (Schedule – T) and its objectives
Infrastructural requirements, working space, storage area, machinery and equipments,
standard operating procedures, health and hygiene, documentation and records.
INTRODUCTION
Components of GMP
GMP Provisions: Under Schedule-T are grouped
Location and surroundings
Factory Premises
Buildings
Water supply
Containers cleaning
Disposal of Waste
Requirements for the sterile products
store
Working space:
Space requirement for manufacturing of Unani medicine
Health & Hygiene
Machinery and Equipments
Machinery and equipments for maufacturing of ayurveda and siddha medicine
Documentation and Records
Regulations in India (ASU DTAB, ASU DCC), Regulation of
manufacture of ASU drugs - Schedule Z of Drugs & Cosmetics Act for ASU drugs.
Introduction
Regulatory Requirements
Key function of regulatory agencies
Regulation in India
DRUG TECHNICAL ADVISORY BOARD
Drugs Consultative committee-DCC
Schedule Z of Drugs & Cosmetics Act for ASU drugs.
Herbs, Herbal Drugs
Present Scope of Herbal Drug Industry
Scope of Herbal Drug Medicine and Industry
Indian Herbal Industry
International Scope of Herbal Medicines
World Wide Herbal Trade
Overview on plant based industries and research institutions in India
List of few herbal drug industries in India
List of few herbal research institution/ centres in India
General Introduction to Herbal Industry
Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
Schedule T – Good Manufacturing Practice of Indian systems of medicine
Components of GMP (Schedule – T) and its objectives
Infrastructural requirements, working space, storage area, machinery and equipments,
standard operating procedures, health and hygiene, documentation and records.
INTRODUCTION
Components of GMP
GMP Provisions: Under Schedule-T are grouped
Location and surroundings
Factory Premises
Buildings
Water supply
Containers cleaning
Disposal of Waste
Requirements for the sterile products
store
Working space:
Space requirement for manufacturing of Unani medicine
Health & Hygiene
Machinery and Equipments
Machinery and equipments for maufacturing of ayurveda and siddha medicine
Documentation and Records
Herbal Drug Technology (B.Pharm. 6th Semester)
Definition of herbs, herbal medicine, herbal medicinal product, herbal drug preparation
Source of herbs, Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials,
Processing of herbal raw material
Herbal excipients which are easily available, lower cost and are noncarcinogenic, which can be used to replace synthetic excipients which are carcinogenic.
Natural colorants obtained from various insects and plants, which gives harmless dying agents which can be used in food industry as well as textile industry.
It is unique in bringing together the regulatory authorities and
pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceuticals and develop ICH guidelines.
Definition of drug interaction, potential of herb-drug interactions,significance of study of herb-drug interactions, reasons for their study, types according to ayurveda, effects & different ways of herb-drug interactions, their mechanism, hypericum, kava lava, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, garlic, pepper, ephedra.
Herbal Drug Technology (B.Pharm. 6th Semester)
Definition of herbs, herbal medicine, herbal medicinal product, herbal drug preparation
Source of herbs, Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials,
Processing of herbal raw material
Herbal excipients which are easily available, lower cost and are noncarcinogenic, which can be used to replace synthetic excipients which are carcinogenic.
Natural colorants obtained from various insects and plants, which gives harmless dying agents which can be used in food industry as well as textile industry.
It is unique in bringing together the regulatory authorities and
pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceuticals and develop ICH guidelines.
Definition of drug interaction, potential of herb-drug interactions,significance of study of herb-drug interactions, reasons for their study, types according to ayurveda, effects & different ways of herb-drug interactions, their mechanism, hypericum, kava lava, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, garlic, pepper, ephedra.
Complete unit 4th herbal drug formulationShmmon AHMAD
The concept of beauty and cosmetics dates back to ancient mankind and civilization. Generally herbal
cosmetics are also referred to as natural cosmetics. Herbal cosmetics are formulated, using different
cosmetic ingredients to form the base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to cure various
skin ailments.
HERBAL COSMETICS ;HERBAL INGREDIENTS IN HAIR CARE,SKIN CARE AND ORAL CARE. REVIEW ON THE GUIDELINE FOR HERBAL COSMETICS BY PRIVATE BODIES LIKE COSMOS WITH RESPECT TO PRESERVATIVES EMOLLIENTS FOAMING AGENTS.CHALLENGES IN FORMULATION OF HERBAL COSMETICS
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Adulteration and Deterioration: Introduction, Types of
Adulteration/ Substitution of Herbal drugs, Causes and Measures
of Adulteration, Sampling Procedures, Determination of Foreign
Matter, DNA Finger printing techniques in identification of drugs of
natural origin, detection of heavy metals, pesticide residues, phytotoxin, microbial contamination in herbs and their
formulations.
Herbal/natural cosmetics, Classification &
Economic aspects. Regulatory Provisions relation to manufacture of cosmetics: -
License, GMP, offences & Penalties, Import & Export of
Herbal/natural cosmetics, Industries involved in the production of Herbal/natural cosmetics.
Toxicity and Regulations: Herbals vs
Conventional drugs, Efficacy of Herbal medicine products, Validation of herbal therapies, Pharmacodynamic and
Pharmacokinetic issues.
Content:
Pharmacovigilance of drugs of natural origin:
WHO and AYUSH guidelines for safety monitoring of natural medicine, Spontaneous reporting schemes for bio drug adverse reactions, bio drug-drug and bio drug-food interactions with suitable examples.
Patents: Indian and international patent laws, proposed
amendments as applicable to herbal/natural products and
process. Geographical indication, Copyright, Patentable subject
maters, novelty, non obviousness, utility, enablement and best
mode, procedure for Indian patent filing, patent processing, grant
of patents, rights of patents, cases of patents, opposition and
revocation of patents, patent search and literature, Controllers of
patents.
Monographs of herbal drugs: General parameters of
monographs of herbal drugs and comparative study in IP, USP,
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Siddha and Unani Pharmacopoeia,
American herbal pharmacopoeia, British herbal pharmacopoeia,
WHO guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs.
Nutraceuticals: Current trends and future scope, Inorganic
mineral supplements, Vitamin supplements, Digestive enzymes,
Dietary fibres, Cereals and grains, Health drinks of natural origin,
Antioxidants, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Herbs as functional
foods, Formulation and standardization of neutraceuticals,
Regulatory aspects, FSSAI guidelines,
Sources, name of marker
compounds and their chemical nature, medicinal uses and health
benefits of following
i) Spirulina ii) Soya bean iii) Ginseng iv) Garlic v) Broccoli VI)
Green and Herbal Tea vii) Flax seeds viii) Black cohosh ix)
Turmeric.
Unit 2. Regulatory requirements for setting herbal drug industry:
Content: Global marketing management.
Indian and International patent law as applicable herbal drugs and natural products.
Export - Import (EXIM) policy, TRIPS.
Quality assurance in herbal/natural drug products.
Concepts of TQM, GMP, GLP, ISO-9000.
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSTICAL TECHNOLOGY
Herbal drug industry: Infrastructure of herbal drug industry
involved in production of standardized extracts and various
dosage forms. Current challenges in upgrading and
modernization of herbal formulations. Entrepreneurship
Development, Project selection, project report, technical
knowledge, Capital venture, plant design, layout and construction.
Pilot plant scale –up techniques, case studies of herbal extracts.
Formulation and production management of herbals.
Marine natural products: General methods of isolation and
purification, Study of Marine toxins, Recent advances in research
in marine drugs, Problems faced in research on marine drugs
such as taxonomical identification, chemical screening and their
solution.
Unit I: Plant Drug Cultivation
General introduction to the importance of
Pharmacognosy in herbal drug industry, Indian Council of
Agricultural Research, Current Good Agricultural Practices,
Current Good Cultivation Practices, Current Good Collection
Practices, Conservation of medicinal plants- Ex-situ and Insitu
conservation of medicinal plants.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. By-
Prof. Mrs. P. N. Chougule
Assistant Professor & HOD Pharmacognosy
department.
Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Peth-
Vadgaon.
UNIT-III 10 Hours
Herbal Cosmetics
2. Content-
Herbal Cosmetics
Sources and description of raw materials of herbal
origin used via, fixed oils, waxes, gums, colours,
perfumes, protective agents, bleaching agents,
antioxidants in products such as skin care, hair care
and oral hygiene products.
Herbal excipients:
Herbal Excipients – Significance of substances of
natural origin as excipients – colorants, sweeteners,
binders, diluents, viscosity builders, disintegrates,
flavors & perfumes.
Herbal formulations :
Conventional herbal formulations like syrups,
mixtures and tablets and Novel dosage forms like
3. Herbal Cosmetic
According to Drug and cosmetic act, Cosmetics are
defined as an articles intended to be rubbed, poured,
sprinkled or sprayed on, introduced into or otherwise
applied to the human body or any part of body for
cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or
altering the appearance.
They does not come under the preview of Drug
license.
Cosmeceuticals is the fastest growing segment of the
personal care products, these are cosmetic products
which contain biologically active principles or
ingredients of the plant origin.
There is an increased demand for the use of natural
4. Herbal cosmetics are known as natural cosmetics.
Herbal cosmetics are formulated by using different
cosmetic constituents to form the base in which one or
more ingredients of natural origin are used.
Many Plants are mainly used for development of new
drug products for cosmetic formulation. In herbal
cosmetics the herbs are used in the crude or extracts
forms.
Herbs includes crude plant materials like leaves,
flowers, fruit, seeds, stem, wood, bark, root, rhizome
or other plant parts, which may be entire, fragmented
or powdered. Herbal materials also included fresh
juices, gums, fixed oils, essential oils, resins and dry
powders of herbs.
Herbal cosmetics are formulated by using various
acceptable cosmetic ingredients form the base in
which one or more herbal ingredients are used to
5. Herbs do not produce immediate cures. They
provide a away to make the body in proper tune with
nature. An enormous number of cosmetics and
toiletry formulations have been designed and
developed which are based upon herbs.
The demand of herbal medicines is increasing
quickly due to their skin easiness and lack of side
effects.
The natural ingredients in the herbs also provides
nutrients and minerals to body. The term
Cosmeceuticals was first developed by Raymond
Reed member of U.S. society of Cosmetics Chemist
in 1961.
The word cosmetic was derived from the Greek
word “Kosmtikos” which means having the power, to
6. Advantages of Herbal Cosmetics
over Synthetic cosmetics-
Natural in nature
Safe to use
Compatible with body
Variety of product
Affordable and Non expensive
Not need to tested on animals
No side effects
8. Cosmetics For Skin Care-
Creams
Lubricating or emollient
cream – night cream
Skin protective and hand
cream
Vanishing cream –
Foundation cream
Liquid cream
Miscellaneous cream
Cosmetic Lotion
Hand Lotion
Skin toning Lotion- Skin
Fresheners
Astringent Lotion
•Bleaching Lotion
•Medicated Lotion
•After shaving Lotion
•Deodorants
•Sunscreen
•Sunburn external medicines
•Make- up preparations
•Varieties of face powders
•Toilet powders
•Lipstick
•Mascara
•Eye shadow. Eyebrow pencil
etc.
9. Some of important examples of raw materials of
herbal origin used in skin care products are-
Coconut oil- it is obtained from the dried kernel of the
fruit or seed of coconut palm tree Cocos nucifera,
family- Arecaceae, which contains about 60- 65% of
the oil. Coconut oil contains a high amount of
glycerides of lower chain fatty acids. The melting point
of coconut oil is low i.e. 24 to 25ᵒC and can be used
in cooking and baking. Coconut oil is used as a skin
moisturizer and softener.
Sunflower oil- it is the non-volatile oil extracted from
sunflower seeds obtained from Helianthus annuus,
family- Asteraceae. It contains lecithin, tocopherols,
carotenoids and waxes.
Olive oil- This oil is a fixed oil extracted from the fruits
of Olea europaea, family- Oleaceae. It is used as skin
and hair conditioner in cosmetics like Lotions,
10. Aloevera- Aloevera is a herbal plant species of Aloe
barbadensis, belonging to Liliaceae family. It is an
ingredient in many cosmetics as it heals, moistures,
and soft skin. Aloevera contains amino acids like
leucine, isoleucine, saponin glycosides that provides
cleansing action, vatamins A,C, E, B, choline, B12, B7
and provide anti-oxidant activity.
Carrot- It is obtained from the plant Daucus carota,
belonging to family Apiaceae. It is rich in Vitamin A.
Carrot seed oil is used as anti-aging, revitalizing and
rejuvenating agent.
Ginkgo- The leaves and nuts of the Ginkgo biloba,
family- Ginkgoaceae, it has been used as an anti-
oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Also has
significant anti-fungal, anti-biotic effect.
11. Neem- Neem belongs to family- Meliaceae and
species- Azadirachta indica, it has antifungal, anti-
bacterial and pain relieving properties.
Green tea- it is obtained from the plant Camelia
sinensis, which inhibits two- stage chemical
carcinogenesis.
Calendula- Calendula officinalis have a remarkable
anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and
wound healing activity.
Turmeric- It is a deep yellow to orange powder that
comes from the underground stems Curcuma longa
of the family- Zingiberaceae. It is used as antiseptic,
analgesics, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-
malarial and insect-repellent.
Avocado- the avocado oil has a rare vitamin D,
which can nourish the skin. The oil can penetrate
12. Almond- the almond oil is one of the safest oil that
can be used in cosmetic products, as it causes less
acidic reactions than any other oils. The oil has been
used for skin protection against the dry and hot
climate conditions. It whitens the skin and used in
fairness creams.
Sandalwood- Sandalwood is used to freshen and
refresh dull skin. Sandalwood paste is used to heal
skin problems and provide glow to the skin.
Sandalwood is also used in face packs and scrubs.
Saffron- Saffron helps in cleansing of skin. It is used
in cosmetics in production of fairness creams,
cleansers and skin-blemish lotion.
13. Cosmetics for hair care products-
It included various preparations like-
Hair preparation
Shampoos
Rinses and conditioners
Oily scalp hair tonics
Hair dressings
Fixatives
Bleaches
Depilatories etc.
14. Some important examples of raw materials of herbal
origin used in Hair care products are-
Amla-It is obtained from the plant Emblica officinalis,
family- Euphorbiaceae. Amla is rich in vitamin C,
tannins, minerals such as phosphorus, Iron and
Calcium which provides nutrition to hair and also
causes darkening of hair.
Almond oil- the almond oil is obtained from Prunus
dulcis. The almond oil contains about 78% of fat. It
cantains very small amount super- unsaturated
Omega-3 essential fatty acids. It stimulates thicker
hair growth and prevents premature graying of hair.
Shikakai- it is obtained from the plant Acacia
concinna, family- Leguminosae. The fruits of this
plants are used for washing hairs, for improving hair
growth and also as an expectorant, emetic and
purgative.
15. Henna- henna comes from the plant Lawsonia inermis,
family- Lythraceae. Which contains a dye molecule known
as Lawsone, which when processed produces henna
powder. It is used in coloring of hairs and also has anti-
dandruff properties.
Neem- Neem is commonly used in the treatment of
dandruff as it produces anti-fungal and anti-bacterial
effects.
Brahmi- Centella asiatica, family- Umbelliferae. Is a herb
which contains essential oils, sterols, flavonol, glycosides
and triterpenoid saponins. Brahmi oil is used in hair care
formulations. It delays graying of hairs.
Bhringraj- Bhringraj species Eclipta alba, family-
Asteraceae, is an annual or perennial plant found in moist
places throughout India. Bhringraj mainly contains
alkaloids (Ecliptine), glycosides (β- amyrin), triterpenic
acid and steroids (ecalbasaponins). Brahmi oil is very
good as hair tonic and used in hair formulation for healthy,
16. Gurhal- Gurhal species Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Family-
Malvaceae is a popular Indian garden plant. It contains
beta- sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, cholesterol,
ergosterol, flavonoids and flavonoid, glycosides, lipids,
citric and oxalic acids. Hibiscus petals stimulates thicker
hair growth and prevent premature graying, hair loss and
scalp disorders. Petals extract acts as a natural hair
conditioner and used in hair washes.
Basil oil- The basil oil species Ocimum sanctum, family-
Labiatae is obtained from leaves & flowering tops of
Ocimum sanctum by steam distillation method. The basil
oil contain 1, 8 cineol, linolool, methyl chavicol, eugenol,
and methyl cinnamate. Basil oil stimulates and promotes
hairs.
Jojoba oil- Jojoba oil species Simmondsia chinensis,
Family- Simmondiaceae is obtained from seeds of
Simmondsia chinensis by cold pressed method. The
17. Methi- Methi species Trigonella foenum, family-
Fabaceae is obtained from dried ripe seeds of
Trigonella foenumgraecum methi contains essential
amino acids, protein, starch, sugars, mucilage,
minerals, volatile oil, fixed oil, vitamins and enzymes.
Methi is used for hair care agent.
Rose oil- Rose species Rosa damascena, family-
Rosaceae is obtained from fresh petals of Rosa
damascena by hydro-steam distillation technique.
Rose oil contains citronellol, geraniol, linalool,
camphene, eugenol and pinene. Rose oil is used in
hair care products.
Sage oil- Sage oil species Salvia officinalis, family-
Labiatae is obtained from dried leaves of Salvia
officinalis by steam distillation technique. The sage oil
contains α- pinene, cineole, linalyl acetate, borneol
and camphor. The sage oil is used as an anti
18. Cosmetics for Oral Care product-
Bad oral health leads to various diseases like
dental caries, inflammation or gingivitis, thrush,
bad breath, soreness and tooth ache are
conditions that plague the mouth.
Herbs will improve , relieve and eliminate these
problems.
Some herbal cosmetics included various
preparations like-
1. Dentifrices and mouth washes
2. Tooth pastes
3. Cosmetics for teeth and mouth washes
4. General cosmetics
19. Some of the important examples of raw materials of herbal
origin used in Oral care products are-
Clove- Eugenia caryophyllus, Myrtaceae is consists of
essential oils, eugenol, isoeugenol, eugenol acetate, β-
caryophylline. It has analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-
inflammatory, antioxidants properties. Essential oil is
obtained from clove used as a breath freshener. It has
been used to relieve tooth ache, in periodontitis (gum
infections which damages jawbone), and as an anesthetic
and also to treat bleeding gums. Clove gel is used as an
alternative to benzocaine for topical anesthesia by
dentists. It is present in tinctures, lozenges and
mouthwash.
Tea tree oil- it has antiseptic, antifungal, non-irritant
properties and also used as a mild solvent. The major
active component is terpinene-4-ol. Tea tree oil has been
used to destroy micro-organism in the mouth before dental
20. German chamomile- it has anti-inflammatory,
analgesic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic and sedative
properties. Chamomile is generally taken as a tea or a
liquid extract. It is used in gingivitis, periodontal
disease and in ulcers as a mouth wash.
Coconut water- Cocos nucifera, it is used as root
canal irrigant as it has antiviral, antifungal and
antimicrobial properties and also used as a storage
media for avulsed tooth.
Green tea- Camelia sinensis, green tea contains
polyphenol like catechin (C), epicatechin (EC),
gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC),
epicatechin gallate (ECG). It has anti-inflammatory,
antibacterial and antiviral properties. It is used in the
treatment of periodontal disease.
Tulsi- Ocimum sanctum, it has antihelminthic,
analgesic, antipyretic, immune stimulatory, antiulcer,
21. Triphala- triphala is a powder combination of amalaki,
haritaki and bibhitaki. It contains ascorbic acid,
thiamin, riboflavin and niacin. It is antioxidant,
antimicrobial. It is used in dental caries, bleeding and
ulcerated gums. Triphala has free radical scavenging
property so helps in the protection of gum cells from
free radicals produced by the microorganisms.
Garlic- Allium sativum, when held in mouth for 5
minutes it sterilizes the oral cavity, as it has strong
antibacterial activity.
Aloe- it has strong immune modulating and healing
properties. It is analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral,
antifungal, antioxidant immune modulating, antiseptic,
anti-inflammatory. Aloe vera is used in the sites of
periodontal surgery, toothpick injuries, chemical burns,
22. Neem- Azadirachta indica, the twigs are used as a
toothbrush, the bark for healing gum disease, the oil
for soap, and the leaves for medicine. Neem is used in
preventing and healing gum diseases and other dental
problems.
Turmeric- turmeric contains volatile oil which is
composed of a number of monoterpenes and
sesquiterpenes, including zingiberene, curcumin, α
and β- turmerone. It is anticarcinogenic, antioxidant,
antibacterial and used in dental caries, oral problems,
gingivitis, halitosis(bad breath), pits and fissure
dental plaque detection system. Massaging the aching
with roasted, ground turmeric eliminates pain and
Grape seed extracts- grape seed extracts contains
proanthocynidine which are potent antioxidants and
anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and immune-
effects. It has re-mineralizing effects on artificial root
23. Herbal Excipients-
Excipients can be defined as non active ingredients
that are mixed with therapeutically active
compounds to form medicines. The ingredients
which is not an active compound is regarded as
excipients.
Excipients are substances which are used as a
medium for giving a medicament. These substances
helps in the processing of the drug delivery system
during its manufacturing, protects, support or
enhance stability, bioavailability or patient
acceptability, assist in product identification, or
enhance any other attribute of the overall safety,
effectiveness and delivery of the drug during storage
24. WHO defines
Excipient as the substance other than active
ingredients which have been appropriated
evaluated for safety and or included in a drug
delivery system.
To aid in processing if drug delivery system
during its manufacture.
To protect, support and enhance stability,
bioavailability or patient acceptability.
To assist in product identification.
To enhance any other attribute of the overall
safety and effectiveness of the drug during
storage or use.
25.
26.
27.
28. Herbal Formulation
Herbal formulations means a dosage form
consisting of one or more herbs or processed herbs
in specified quantities to provide specific nutritional,
cosmetics benefits, meant for the use to diagnose,
treat, mitigate diseases of human beings or
animals, alter the structure or physiology of human
beings or animals.
Herbal formulation contains an active substance or
herbal substance or herbal preparations or herbal
substances in combination with one or more herbal
preparations. Herbal formulations are obtained by
subjecting herbal substances to treatments such as
extraction, distillation, expression, fractionation,
29. Types of Herbal formulations
Herbal syrup-
These preparations are formulated by the
Incorporation of sugar with vegetable infusions,
decoctions, Express juices, fermented liquors,
simple water solution are called as herbal syrups.
honey and unrefined sugar are effective
preservatives and can be combined with infusions
or decoctions to make syrups they have
additional benefit of having soothing action and
therefore make a perfect vehicle for cough
mixtures as well as relieving sore throats with
their sweet taste syrups can be used to mask
taste of unpalatable herbs and are therefore
greatly appreciated by children's.
30. Herbal mixtures-
These are the preparations made by adding more
number of powder drugs with the different
quantities selected randomly to express the
pharmacological activity the difference
formulations can be made by changing the
quantities of drugs being added.
After addition of number of drugs these herbal
mixtures sometimes can be subjected for
extraction processes such formulations should be
subjected for all standardization procedures to
check quality and quantity of phytoconstituents.
31. Herbal tablets
These are solid dosage forms of powdered herbs
herbal extracts are their constituent prepared by
molding or compression.
Certain additives are also added to the
Medicaments in the formulation of tablets, tablets
are usually circular in shape and may be flat or
biconvex.
32. Phytosomes
Novel dosage form- Phytosomes
The Phytosomes have a marked lipophilic character and
improved topical absorption of complex molecules which
show improve the specific activity in the skin functions
such as hydration collagen structure enzyme balance.
Phytosome process the phosphotidylcholine and the
plant components actually form a 1:1 or a 2:1 molecular
complex depending on the substances involving
chemical bonds.
Topical absorption of biologically active
Phytoconstituents provides local application at the site of
requirement the Phytosomes process intensifies herbal
compounds by improving absorption increasing
bioavailability and enhancing delivery of drug to the
tissues.
33. By combining the emulsifying action of the
phospholipids with the standardized of botanical
extract the Phytosomes from provide dramatically
enhance the bioavailability and Delivers faster and
improved absorption through the skin.
Therefore application of natural molecules in the
form of Phytosomes improves its absorption
nourishment of the skin and act as functional
cosmetics.
Functional cosmetic are topical Cosmetic
Pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance
beauty through ingredients that provide additional
health related function or benefits.
The duel application of Phytosomes as a topical
pharmaceutical agent and cosmetics with
improved efficiency and safety results in proper
utilization of Herbals and cost effective functional
34. Benefits of Phytosomes as a functional cosmetics-
Phytosomes enhance is the absorption of herbal
constants and enhance viability because the drug is in
complex form with the phospholipids.
Dose requirement is reduced due to improved
absorption of chief constituent.
Entrapment efficiency is high and more ever
predetermined because drug itself in conjugation with
lipids forming vesicle.
Shows better stability profile because chemical bonds
are formed between fast Phosphotidylcholine molecule
and Phytoconstituents.
Commercial Phytosomes as a functional Cosmetic-
Ginkgo biloba terpenes Phytosome was shown to be e
effective on soothing Individual contact reaction two
35.
36. Advantages of Phytosomes-
Phytosome produces a little cell where the valuable
components of herbal extract are protected from
destruction by digestive secretions and gut bacteria.
It assures proper delivery of drug to the respective tissue.
The nutrition safety of the herbal extracts need not be
compromise the by conveying the herbal drug as means
of Phytosomes.
Dose requirement has been reduced by the maximum
absorption of chief constituent.
Marked enhancement in the bioavailability of drug occurs.
Entrapment efficiency is high and more or predetermined
because drug itself is in conjugation with lipids in forming
vesicles.
There is no problem in in drug Entrapment while
formulating Phytosomes.
Phytosomes are also superior to liposome's in skin care