Cold cream , vanishing cream , IDEAL PROPERTIES OF VANISHING CREAMS , MAJOR INGREDIENTS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VANISHING CREAMS , FORMULATION OF VANISHING CREAM , IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD CREAM , INGREDIENTS USED FOR PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM , FORMULATION OF COLD CREAM
Cold cream , vanishing cream , IDEAL PROPERTIES OF VANISHING CREAMS , MAJOR INGREDIENTS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VANISHING CREAMS , FORMULATION OF VANISHING CREAM , IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD CREAM , INGREDIENTS USED FOR PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM , FORMULATION OF COLD CREAM
I Omkar B. Tipugade , M-Pharm, Sem 4th , Department of Pharmaceutics , Shree Santkrupa College Of Pharmacy, Ghogaon. Today I published the hard gelatin & Soft Gelatin Capsule in brief .
The chapter deals with the preformulation studies that have to be considered while designing a dosage form and developing a formulation that is suitable for a patient. Here, physical and chemical properties of a drug substance are studied along with biopharmaceutical classification of drugs. Also a detailed study on the application of preformulation studies in different dosage forms are also studied.
A detailed study on every aspects of parenteral :- introduction, preformulation factors, essential requirements, vehicles and additives, isotonicity, production procedure, facilities, and controls, container and closure selection and finally the quality control evaluation of parenterals.
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, sk...Steffi Thomas
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, skin-cream and toothpaste, Indian standards, Schedule S and Schedule Q, Drugs and cosmetic act, standards for heavy metals in cosmetics, standards for coloring agents in cosmetics, annexures, list of approved colours and dyes as per schedule Q Part 1, list of colours permitted to be used in soaps, types of toothpaste, general requirements for ECO mark and BIS mark, BIS certification marking
Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)Rahul Kushwaha
Introduction
Skin Damage
Sun Radiation Summary
Sunscreen Defination
Classification Of Sunscreen
Sunscreen Agents
Sun Protection Factor
Sun Protection Factor Classification
When to re-apply the sunscreen
I Omkar B. Tipugade , M-Pharm, Sem 4th , Department of Pharmaceutics , Shree Santkrupa College Of Pharmacy, Ghogaon. Today I published the hard gelatin & Soft Gelatin Capsule in brief .
The chapter deals with the preformulation studies that have to be considered while designing a dosage form and developing a formulation that is suitable for a patient. Here, physical and chemical properties of a drug substance are studied along with biopharmaceutical classification of drugs. Also a detailed study on the application of preformulation studies in different dosage forms are also studied.
A detailed study on every aspects of parenteral :- introduction, preformulation factors, essential requirements, vehicles and additives, isotonicity, production procedure, facilities, and controls, container and closure selection and finally the quality control evaluation of parenterals.
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, sk...Steffi Thomas
Analytical cosmetics:BIS specification and analytical methods for shampoo, skin-cream and toothpaste, Indian standards, Schedule S and Schedule Q, Drugs and cosmetic act, standards for heavy metals in cosmetics, standards for coloring agents in cosmetics, annexures, list of approved colours and dyes as per schedule Q Part 1, list of colours permitted to be used in soaps, types of toothpaste, general requirements for ECO mark and BIS mark, BIS certification marking
Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)Rahul Kushwaha
Introduction
Skin Damage
Sun Radiation Summary
Sunscreen Defination
Classification Of Sunscreen
Sunscreen Agents
Sun Protection Factor
Sun Protection Factor Classification
When to re-apply the sunscreen
Vanishing creams – which can also be called stearate creams – were known for their smooth, dry feel on the skin and their pearly sheen. Chemically they are oil-in-water emulsions consisting of stearic acid, an alkali, a polyol and water.
Pharmaceutical technology III (Practical) MANIK Imran Nur Manik
Preparation of water for injection, preparation of injection of (a) procaine and adrenaline (b) procaine benzylpenicillin with benzylpenicillin; studies on the of formulation problems of vitamins with minerals; formulation of prolonged acting dosage forms
Explaining creams as pharmaceuticals, knowing the difference between lotions , creams, ointments and emulsions.
# Cosmetics # pharmacy # dosage forms # formulation
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. INTRODUCTION
• In USPXVIII ,creams are defined as
• “ semisolid emulsions of either oil in water or water in oil type.”
• “semisolid emulsions usually medicated, intended for external application.”.
3. THE SKIN CARE CREAMS CAN BE
CLASSIFIED ON THE FOLLOWING BASIS:
• According to emulsion type:
1. W/O creams Eg: Cold cream
2. O/W creams Eg: Vanishing cream.
• According to function:
Eg - cleansing, foundation, moisturizing etc.
5. • Vanishing cream gets the name from the fact that it leaves no trace when
rubbed into the skin.
• These are oil in water emulsions that contains large percentages of water and stearic
acid or other oleaginous components.
• After application, the continuous phase evaporates, leaving behind a thin residue film
of the stearic acid.
VANISHING CREAM
6. 1. High melting point
2. Pure whiteness
3. Very little odor and low iodine number
4. Rubbed easily on the skin
IDEAL PROPERTIES OF VANISHING CREAMS
7. MAJOR INGREDIENTS USED FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF VANISHING CREAMS
Stearic acid
• Major component of vanishing cream
• Good quality triple pressed must be selected
• Soap formed in-situ by the reaction between a suitable alkali and
stearic acid determines hardness of the cream.
USE : Governs the consistency of the cream
Humectants
• Glycerol most favored followed by sorbitol and propylene glycol
USE: Prevents excessive drying out of cream
8. Alkali
• Examples are Potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate,
triethanolamine and borax.
• Potassium hydroxide is mostly used since makes a cream of fine texture without
excessive harshness.
• Sodium or potassium hydroxide when used alone forms hard cream hence used
always in combination.
• Borax used in combination with potassium hydroxide or triethanolamine to form
white emulsion.
• Carbonates not favoured, liberates CO2 and creams become spongy.
9. Stearic acid provides
oil phase and 20-30%
of free acid
neutralized by
alkali
Emulsifier as
soap from KOH
( IN SITU )
VANISHING
CREAM in which oil
phase melts above
body temp and
crystallizes as
invisible form to give
a non greasy and
shiny layer on skin
11. PROCEDURE
1. Dissolve the sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide in water, add glycerol and
preservative and heat to 80˚C.
2. In another vessel, melt the stearic acid, cetyl alcohol and isopropyl myristate (oily
phase) and heat to 75˚C.
3. Add the alkali solution to the melted oily phase with good agitation.
4. When the mixture has cooled to about 45˚C, add the perfume and continue slow mixing
until cool.
5. Cover and let it stand overnight. Remix briefly next day before packaging.
NOTE:
• The alkali reacts with some of the stearic acid to form a soap which then acts as
emulsifier.
• The polyol (glycerol) prevents loss of moisture.
• Sodium sterate crystals gives pearly shine .
14. COLD CREAM
• It is an emulsion of water in oil (w/o) type.
• Used as moisturizer, makeup remover and cleanser.
• The main principle of cold cream involves slow evaporation of
water phase which leads to cooling sensation.
• Borax , beeswax are used as an emulsifying agent.
15. • Cold cream is protective to the skin.
• Formula contains Borax and Beeswax.
• Borax soap is obtained by free acids in the beeswax and borax (sodium borate).
• The sodium soap obtained gives oil in water (o/w) emulsion.
• On storage, PHASE INVERSION occurs and water in oil (w/o) emulsion cream is
formed and this is often known as cold cream.
• On application, due to evaporation of water, cold sensation is observed, hence, it is
called as cold cream.
• Oily film remaining on the skin gives emollient action and protection to the skin.
16. IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD CREAM
• Should have optimum pH (4.6-6).
• Consistency should be optimum
• Should not be sticky
• Should be attractive in appearance
• Penetration through epidermis of skin should be desirable.
• Must be non-irritant and non-inflammatory.
• Should give cooling effects.
17. INGREDIENTS USED FOR PREPARATION OF
COLD CREAM
Normally the following ingredients are used:
1. Mineral oil ( liquid paraffin )
2. White beeswax : Thickening agent and emulsifier (Base for the cream)
3. Borax: Used as emulsifier and responsible for the whiteness of cold cream.
4. Alcohol, glycerin, and lanolin
5. Perfume: Provides Fragrance
18. • Cold cream was traditionally based on a mixture of natural waxes and
vegetable oils (beeswax and olive oil) stabilized with borax.
• At the turn of the century, mineral oil replaced the more unstable
vegetable oils.
• In a cold cream the proportion of fatty and oily material predominates,
but application to the skin results in a cooling effect which is produced
from slow evaporation of the water contained in the emulsion.
• Replacement of part of the mineral oil with up to 15% of petroleum jelly
can be used to produce different textures and consistencies. Further
substitution with fatty acid esters such as isopropyl myristate improves
the thixotropic behaviour of the cream, thus improving its spreading
properties.
19. FORMULATION OF COLD CREAM
• Ideal formula
Ingredients Quantity (%w/w) Category
Oil Phase
Mineral Oil (Liquid Paraffin) 45.0 Used as solvent and emollient
Beeswax 16 Thickening agent and emulsifier
Aqueous Phase
Borax
Water
1
to 100
Emulsifier and provide
whiteness
Preservative q.s. Antimicrobial
Perfume q.s. Fragrance
20. PROCEDURE
• Heat the mineral oil and beeswax in a jacketed vessel at 75˚C and maintain
heat.
• In another container, dissolve borax and preservative in water and heat to
75˚C (Aqueous phase).
• Slowly add this aqueous phase to the mineral oil-beeswax heated oily phase.
• Cool to 35˚C and add perfume.
22. USES
For Vanishing cream
• Used as adhesive for makeup
powders.
• Reduces loss of moisture from
dry skin.
• Smoothens the skin and keeps it
soft.
• Prevents skin from roughening
and chapping.
For Cold cream
• Typically used to cleanse the face
off makeup
• Heavily moisturises dry skin.
• Can also be used as a balm for dry
cracked lips.
• It can also be used as a shaving
cream alternative for men.