Myself Omkar Tipugade , M -Pharm sem II , Department of Pharmaceutics . today i upload presentation on addressing dry skin , acne , pigmentation , prickly heat , body odor .
The presentation contains brief explanation about the Emollients, its types with detailed examples. Brief classification of Rheological additives is also presented along with the applications in cosmeceuticals.
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M -Pharm sem II , Department of Pharmaceutics . today i upload presentation on addressing dry skin , acne , pigmentation , prickly heat , body odor .
The presentation contains brief explanation about the Emollients, its types with detailed examples. Brief classification of Rheological additives is also presented along with the applications in cosmeceuticals.
Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)Rahul Kushwaha
Introduction
Skin Damage
Sun Radiation Summary
Sunscreen Defination
Classification Of Sunscreen
Sunscreen Agents
Sun Protection Factor
Sun Protection Factor Classification
When to re-apply the sunscreen
cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
Structure of skin relating to problems like dry skin, acne vulgaris, pigmenta...Jaswanth Gowda BH
This single presentation contains a complete information about structure of skin and its relating to problems such as dry skin, acne vulgaris, pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles, body odour, structure of hair and hair growth cycle, oral cavity problems.
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF and Role of herbs in cosmetics:Priya Patil
Sun protection,
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF.
Role of herbs in cosmetics:
Skin Care: Aloe and turmeric
Hair care: Henna and amla.
Oral care: Neem and clove
Controversial ingredients of Cosmetics - Parabens, Formaldehyde and formaldehyde liberators, 1,4 Dioxanes, Health concerns of controversial ingredients, Regulations of controversial ingredients, quaternium-15, DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, polyoxymethylene urea,
sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, bromopol and glyoxal, Alternatives of parabens, Vulnerable populations, How to avoid controversial ingredients
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M pharm , Shree Santkrupa College of Pharmacy , Ghogaon , Karad ( Maharashtra).
I upload the presentation on sun protection & type of Skin and sun screen agent depend on skin type , and also brief information about the cosmetic & cosmeceutical product.
Sun Protection Factor and its SignificanceDerma Essentia
All you need to know about Sun protection factor. The significance of sun protection factor and why is it used in every sunscreen? When to re-apply the sunscreen? Levels of protection of sunscreens with different sun protection factor.
Addressing wrinkles, body odor & dandruff through cosmeceutical preparationsMonika Dovulary
This presentation is a precise yet descriptive information of the topic and will be of extreme use to postgraduate students.
I hope this will be of great help.
Sun Protection (Classification of Sunscreen and SPF)Rahul Kushwaha
Introduction
Skin Damage
Sun Radiation Summary
Sunscreen Defination
Classification Of Sunscreen
Sunscreen Agents
Sun Protection Factor
Sun Protection Factor Classification
When to re-apply the sunscreen
cosmetic and cosmeceutical
Classification of cosmetic and cosmeceutical products
Definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, Evolution of cosmeceuticals from cosmetics, cosmetics as quasi and OTC drugs
Cosmetic excipients: Surfactants, rheology modifiers, humectants, emollients, preservatives. Classification and application
Skin: Basic structure and function of skin.
Hair: Basic structure of hair. Hair growth cycle.
Oral Cavity: Common problem associated with teeth and gums
Structure of skin relating to problems like dry skin, acne vulgaris, pigmenta...Jaswanth Gowda BH
This single presentation contains a complete information about structure of skin and its relating to problems such as dry skin, acne vulgaris, pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles, body odour, structure of hair and hair growth cycle, oral cavity problems.
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF and Role of herbs in cosmetics:Priya Patil
Sun protection,
Classification of Sunscreens and SPF.
Role of herbs in cosmetics:
Skin Care: Aloe and turmeric
Hair care: Henna and amla.
Oral care: Neem and clove
Controversial ingredients of Cosmetics - Parabens, Formaldehyde and formaldehyde liberators, 1,4 Dioxanes, Health concerns of controversial ingredients, Regulations of controversial ingredients, quaternium-15, DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, polyoxymethylene urea,
sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, bromopol and glyoxal, Alternatives of parabens, Vulnerable populations, How to avoid controversial ingredients
Myself Omkar Tipugade , M pharm , Shree Santkrupa College of Pharmacy , Ghogaon , Karad ( Maharashtra).
I upload the presentation on sun protection & type of Skin and sun screen agent depend on skin type , and also brief information about the cosmetic & cosmeceutical product.
Sun Protection Factor and its SignificanceDerma Essentia
All you need to know about Sun protection factor. The significance of sun protection factor and why is it used in every sunscreen? When to re-apply the sunscreen? Levels of protection of sunscreens with different sun protection factor.
Addressing wrinkles, body odor & dandruff through cosmeceutical preparationsMonika Dovulary
This presentation is a precise yet descriptive information of the topic and will be of extreme use to postgraduate students.
I hope this will be of great help.
Cosmeceuticals :-Cosmeceuticals are cosmetics product with biologically active ingredients purposing to have medical or drug-like benefits.
Cosmeceuticals means combination of “Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals”
Sunscreen :- Sunscreen also known as sunblock or suntan lotion is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and protects the skin.
Sunscreen, SPF value ,definition of sunscreen, classification of sunscreen, mechanism of sunscreen, organic sunscreens, inorganic sunscreens, formulation of sunscreen, UV radiation, effects of UV radiation, spectrum UV radiation, analysis of final product, persistent pigment darkening(PPD)
Introduction to sun protection, classification of sunscreens and SPFShraddhaGondhale
Sun protection factor (SPF) is a measure of how well sunscreen protects the skin from harmful UV (ultraviolet) rays from the sun. It shows the level of protection against UVB rays, which are the cause of sunburn and cancer.
Photoprotection of Skin against Ultraviolet Radiations by SunscreenBRNSS Publication Hub
Nowadays, cosmetic products represent the most important market sector for producers after food. Consumers are in regular demand of products for beauty, antiaging, wellness, skin care and sunscreen. Sunscreen help to guard skin from UV rays, either chemically or physically. UV rays are generally consists of three forms UVA, UVB and UVC, and excessive exposure of these radiation may lead to pigment changes, pre-cancerous, cancerous skin, wrinkles and skin aging, along with activating other adverse light sensitive reactions based on disease aetiology and skin prototypes. The possible pathological changes due to use of sunscreen has been reviewed during the exposure to the UV rays. It is vital to protect skin and eyes from damaging effects as the skin is an important part of our immune system. Moreover, artificial sources of UV rays should be eluded including tanning beds and sunlamps without use of sunscreen. Surfaces such as snow,sand, concrete and water can reflect up to 80% of UV radiation, when around these surfaces, even when cloud weather because it filters less than 40 % of UV radiation, sun screen should be applied. The used sunscreen products should contain SPF of at least 15 and it is advisable to have enough beta carotene and antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and Selenium when heavily exposed to sun radiation. In this review it is tried to summarize all possible issues related to sunscreens.
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are an invisible form
of radiation. They can penetrate your skin and damage your skin cells. Sunburns
are a sign of skin damage. Suntans aren't healthy, either. They appear after
the sun's rays have already killed some cells and damaged others. UV rays can
cause skin damage during any season or at any temperature. They can also cause
eye problems, wrinkles, skin spots, and skin cancer.
To protect yourself:
-- Stay out of the sun when it is strongest
(between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.)
-- Use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher
-- Wear protective clothing
-- Wear wraparound sunglasses that provide 100
percent UV ray protection
-- Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds
Check your skin regularly for changes in
the size, shape, color or feel of birthmarks, moles and spots. Such changes are
a sign of skin cancer.
The sun and our eyes: protection against sunlight julbo-eyewear
Sunlight is vital for all of us. However, our eyes are very sensitive to it and it is essential to protect them properly.
A specialist in solar protection in high-risk environments and extreme conditions, Julbo has been providing its expertise to people who love to look at the world for over 120 years. Julbo develops its frames and lenses through a combination of innovation and careful attention to detail.
This presentation contains essential information on the dangers of sunlight and how to protect against it. Because your eyes are unique and the world needs your vision.
Similar to Sunscreen, Classifications, Sun Protection Factor(SPF), Regulatory aspects (20)
Penetration Enhancers in Transdermal Drug Delivery SystemSimranDhiman12
Penetration Enhancers in Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Permeation enhancers are substances that reduce the skin barrier's ability to make skin more permeable and allow drug molecules to cross the skin at a faster rate
advantages and disadvantages
types of penetration enhancers
techniques
physical and chemical enhancers
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. Introduction
Sunscreen (also known as sunblock or suntan lotion is a lotion, spray, gel or other
topical product that absorbs or reflects the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation and
protects the skin.
Using lotions, creams, or gel that contain sunscreens can help protect the skin
from premature aging and damage that may lead to skin cancer.
3. Ideal sun-screen characteristics
Absorb light preferentially over the range of 280-320nm.
Resistance to water
Be stable to heat, light and perspiration.
Preferably odorless, if mild odor: accepted by user
Be non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing
Capable of retaining sun screening property for several hours
Non-stain
Not be rapidly absorbed.
Be neutral
Be rapidly soluble in suitable vehicles.
4. Sun Protection
Protection from sunlight is often equated with use of sunscreens, but this approach
is too narrow, and protection should consist of : avoiding overexposure to
sunlight, using sunscreens, and wearing protective clothing.
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation influences the skin, causing aging, sunburns,
precancerous and cancerous lesions, and immunosuppression.
Sun protection is essential to skin can prevent about 90% of non melanoma skin
cancers and 80% of melanomas are associated with exposure to UV radiation
from the skin.
5. UV radiation comprises of 3 categories depending on wavelengths are:
UVA: low energy
ranges between 320 to 400 nm
most responsible radiation for immediate tanning or darkening of the skin due to excess
production of melanin in the epidermis
UVB: high energy
ranges between 280 to 320 nm
known as burning rays as they are 1000 times more capable of causing sunburn than UV-A
UVC: Very high energy
ranges between 200 to 280 nm
filtered by stratospheric ozone layers so less effective and hazardous
6. Very High Energy Radiation (UVC) is currently blocked
by the ozone layer.
High Energy Radiation (UVB) does the more immediate
damage.
But Lower Energy Radiation (UVA) can penetrate deeper
into the skin, leading to long term damage.
7. Mechanism of photoreaction
Photo-oxidative mechanism depending on light-driven reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generation is now accepted to cause skin photoaging and photo
carcinogenesis.
• UVA rays mediated photo-oxidative damage effectively reaches
through the upper layers of skin into the human dermis and
dermal capillary system
• Substantial protein and lipid oxidation occurs in human skin
epidermis and dermis.
• Together with a significant depletion of enzymatic and non-
enzymatic antioxidants in the stratum corneum epidermis and
dermis.
8. Why use sun-screen?
Too much unprotected sun exposure leads to:
Premature skin aging
Sun-burn
Skin cancer
9. Sunscreen classifications
Physical
- opaque formulations containing:
titanium dioxide- UV filter- it helps protect skin by blocking absorption of the sun’s
UV light
talc, kaolin- lubricant
zinc oxide- work by scattering the sun’s rays, which prevents damaging UV radiation
from getting to the skin.
Ferric chloride- increase the absorption and protection against visible light and UVA
radiation.
Ichthyol, red petrolatum- treatment of skin blemishes, redness or itching associated
with various skin disorders.
Mechanism: scatters or reflects uv radiation due to large particle size.
10. Sunscreen classifications
Chemical
- Formulations containing one or more:
PABA, PABA ester- can absorb ultraviolet (UV) rays
benzophenone- absorbs and scatters the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Cinnamate- flavouring or fragrance, also good UVB absorbers
salicylate- weakly absorbing UVB filters.
digalloyl trioleate- anti-oxidizing
Anthranilates- sunscreen agent and as an ultraviolet light absorber.
Mechanism: absorbs UV radiation
11. Sunscreen agents
PABA (Para-amino benzoic acid)
Very effective in the UV range (200-320 m).
Most effective in conc of 5% in 70% ethanol
Maximum benefit when applied 60 minutes prior to exposure to ensure
penetration and binding to stratum corneum.
Contact dermatitis can develop
May stain clothing
12. Sunscreen agents
PABA Esters (Padimate A, Padimate O. Glyceryl PABA)
Also very effective in UVB range (280-320)
Most effective in conc. 25-8% in 65% alcohol
May penetrate less effectively than PABA
Similar application and adverse effect
Less staining
Anthranilates
Minimally effective, absorbs UVA spectrum 250-322 nm
Usually combined with UVB agent to broaden spectrum.
13. Sunscreen agents
Benzophenones (oxybenzone, dioxybenzone,) Slightly less effective than PABA.
Absorbs from 250-400 nm spectrum (e. UVA & UVB).
Combined with PABA or PABA ester improves penetration and is superior to
either agent used alone (200-400 mm wavelength coverage).
-Beneficial in preventing photosensitivity reactions.
- Contact dermatitis is rare.
Cinnamates and Salicylates
Minimally effective, absorb UVB spectrum.
Generally used in combination with one of the above.
14. Principle of effectiveness of sun-screens
A protective layer can be provided to the skin that prevents the UV-rays to reach
the skin either by absorbing or by reflecting them.
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide both have such tendency.
Preparations reflecting UV-rays are very effective and used widely.
To incorporate substances in preparations to filter the sun-rays by absorbing
medium range UV-rays (280 nm-320nm)but allowing rays of higher wavelengths
to pass.
All modern sun-tan preparations are based on this principle and contain such
substances.
15. UV filters (Three types)
Organic chemical: Compounds that absorb ultraviolet light eg. Oxybenzone
Inorganic particulates: that reflect, scatter, and absorb UV light eg. Titanium
dioxide, zinc oxide
Organic particulates. : That mostly absorb light like organic chemical
compounds, but contain multiple chromophores
-may reflect and scatter a fraction of light like inorganic particulates. Eg. Tinosorb M
16. Sun protection factor (SPF)
The term “sun protection factor” was adopted by the FDA to describe the effectiveness of
Sunscreen.
SPF is a measure of how much solar energy (UV radiation) is required to produce sunburn on
protected skin
The presence of sunscreen relative to the amount of solar energy required to produce sunburn
an unprotected skin.
As the SPF value increases, sunburn protection increases SPFdefined as the UV energy
required in producing a minimal erythemal dose (MED) on protected skin, divided by the UV
energy required to produce a MED on unprotected skin
17. SPF
Broad-spectrum sunscreen gel can protect your skin
from:
Sunburn
Suntan
Photo-aging
Dull complexion
Skin inflammation and Skin Cancer (more
severe cases)
Sunscreens have a number written as Sun Protection
Factor, i.e. SPF 15, 20, 30 or 50 on the pack.
22. Regulatory aspects
Sunscreens are evaluated generally one of following method and labeling conditions as per
countries guidelines.
US-FDA Method
The FDA proposal measures in-vitro UV transmittance through a sunscreen film using the
critical wavelength method. Sunscreen products offering primarily UVB protection would have
a critical wavelength less than 320nm, whereas those providing both UVB and UVA protection
would have critical wavelengths between 320 and 400nm. FDA requires that sunscreen products
have a critical wavelength of at least 370nm (the mean value must be equal to or greater than
370nm) to be labeled as providing “broad spectrum” UVA and UVB protection.
23. UK method of boot star rating The UK method, called as Boots star rating system, also measures
the UV transmittance through a sunscreen film. The substrate for measurement is abraded PMMA
plates. The ratio between the mean UVA and UVB absorbance measured before and after
irradiation of the sunscreen products is calculated.
Australia Australian standard (AS) method uses spectrophotometer for measurements of the solar
radiation transmitted by a sunscreen product to yield a percentage of UVA radiation absorbed by
the product. According to this test, a product is designated as a long wave protector only if it
transmits less than 10% of the incoming UV radiation between 320 and 360 nm.
India Indian being Asian population comes under Type–IV skin pattern which burns minimally
and tans easily. Freckles are rare but still use of sunscreen is necessary to avoid tan. Indian
regulations date from the Indian Drug and Cosmetic Act (1940) as amended from time to time
considers sunscreens as cosmetics. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), a participating member of
the ISO, sets the relevant cosmetic product standards. Key points are stability data is (similar to
Australia) must and there is no maximum SPF rating for sunscreens.
24.
25. Japan: Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA) provides self regulated standards.
JCIA is a signatory to the COLIPA International SPF test method and JCIA has adopted
ISO standards as they are published. For SPF, ISO 24444 is accepted. In Japan, for UVA,
in-vivo testing is required and labelling is according to ratings of Protection Grade of
UVA (PA) i.e PA +, PA++ and PA +++. Additionally, PA++++ was also added from 1st
January 2013.
China Sunscreens are regulated under the Hygienic Standard for Cosmetics 2007.
Currently sunscreens can only be labeled up to SPF 30+. The product must be labeled in
Chinese language and have a Chinese name. Water resistance norms should be followed if
labelled.