This document discusses the formulation and manufacturing process of lipsticks. It begins by introducing lipsticks and their ideal properties. The main raw materials used are waxes, oils, pigments, alcohol, and preservatives. The manufacturing process involves color grinding, melting and mixing the ingredients, molding the mixture into tubes, and packaging. Common defects associated with formulation or molding are also outlined. A sample lipstick formulation is provided along with evaluation methods and references.

1. PRESENTED BY
DEEKSHA.A
H.T.NO:636217886003
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
NAGARANI
(ASSISTANT PROFFESOR)
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
SRIKRUPA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL
SCIENCES
(Affiliated To Osmania University)
(Approved by AICTE;PCI)

2. INTRODUCTION
 Lipsticks used to impart an attractive color &
glossy moisture appearance to the lips.
 Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing
pigments, oils, waxes, and emollients that apply
color, texture, and protection to the lips.
 Although the name originally applied to the
baton (stick) of material, within a tubular
container, usually around 10mm in diameter
and 50mm in length the term has now
generally transposed to the material itself,
regardless of method of application.

3. IDEAL PROPERTIES
 It should be nontoxic & nonirritant to the lips.
 It should impart uniform color to the area of application.
 It should make lips soft.
 It should have stability towards environmental conditions.
 It should completely free from grittyness
 The container should operate easily.

4. Raw materials used in lipsticks
 Waxes
 Oils
 Pigments and dyes
 Alcohol and fragrance
 Preservatives and antioxidants

5. 1.Wax:
 Wax provides the structure to the solid lipstick. Lipsticks may
be made from several waxes such as beeswax, ozokerite and
candelilla wax. Because of its high melting point, carnauba
wax is a key ingredient in terms of strengthening the lipstick.
2.Oil:
 It is the addition of oil that gives lipstick its shine and
translucent effect. Different types of oils, like castor oil,
vegetable oil, lanolin and mineral oil are used in lipsticks.
3.Pigments and Dyes:
 These are used in lipsticks to impart the desired color or shade
to the lipstick. The dyes used in a lipstick include bismuth
oxychloride, manganese violet, titanium dioxide, D&C Red
No. 6, D&C Red No. 21,

6. 4.Alcohol and Fragrances
 Alcohol is used as a solvent for the wax and oils used in
making lipsticks. Fragrance is used for imparting a pleasant
scent to the lipstick and to mask the smell of other
ingredients.
5.Preservatives and Antioxidants
 Preservatives and antioxidants are added to the lipstick to
increase its shelf life and to prevent it from becoming stale or
rancid.
 Preservatives: methyl paraben,propyl paraben
 Antioxidants : Gallic acid, propyl galate, BHA,BHT

7. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF LIPSTICKS
 Color Grinding
 Melting & Mixing
 Molding
 Flaming
 Packaging

8. 1.Color Grinding:
 Pigments and dyes are available in amorphous form.so we
have to convert into powder form.
 Equipment used for grinding are….
1. Roller mill
2. Colloidal mill
2.Mixing and melting:
 First the raw materials like solvents, oils and waxy
material are melted in separate stainless steel container.
 The solvents and oils are mixed with color pigments.
 Then the mixture is passed through roller mill grinding
the pigments to avoid grainy feel in lipsticks.
 after the pigment mass is grounded and mixed it id
added to hot wax until uniform color and consistency is
obtained.

9. 3.MOLDING:
 Once the lipstick mass is mixed and free of air, it is ready to
be poured in tubes.
 The melted mass is dispensed into a mold, which consists of
bottom portion of metal and a shaping tube. Lipstick is
poured up side down so that bottom of tube is at top of
mold . Any excess material is scrapped out.
 The lipstick is cooled and separated from mold and bottom
of tube is sealed.
 The lipstick is passed through flaming test to seal the
pinholes and to give finish to the product.
4.LABELLING AND PACKAGING:
 The lipstick is retracted and tube is capped .The lipstick is
ready for labeling and packaging

10. DEFECTS
FORMULATION RELATED PROBLEMS
1. SWEATING: caused due to high oil content or inferior oil
binding.
2. BLEEDING: separation of colored liquids from waxy bases.
3. BLOOMING: due to higher percentage of cetyl alcohol.
4. STREAKING: expected to be caused due to titanium
dioxide.
MOULDING RELATED PROBLEMS
1. LADDERING: lipstick does not look smooth or
homogenous.
2. DEFORMATION: noticeable in softer formulae.
3. CRATERING: shows up flaming when stick develops
dimples.

11. FORMULATION
Ingredients % in amount
Candilla wax 16%
Carnauba wax 3%
Ozokerite wax 4%
Paraffin wax 12%
Yellow bees wax 6%
Lanoline alcohol 6%
Oleyl alcohol 10%
Butilated hydroxy anisole(antioxidant) 0.25%
Titanium dioxide 12%
Castor oil(to dissolve dyes & pigments) 20%
Perfume 0.75%
Dyes & pigments 10%

12. Method of preparation
 Take castor oil, lanoline alcohol, Oleyl alcohol in a
beaker(A) containing dyes and pigments
 Heat the above mixture to 65˚c
 In another beaker(B) take remaining ingredients. Heat
to 65˚c.
 Then add the contents of beaker A to beaker B by
vigorous stirring
 Then this solution is added to molds

13. Evaluation:
 Melting point
 Breaking point
 Force of application
 Stability
 Microbial testing

14.  Melting point evaluation should be done to know the
problems during handling and storage. The melting
point should generally be above 50 degree Celsius.
 breaking point of lipsticks should be evaluated for
conforming strength of lipsticks.
 Force of application to evaluate the value of force to
apply to surface.
 Stability is an important evaluation parameter .
stability for long time and short time are evaluated.

15. References
 Cosmetic technology by SANJUNANDA ,1st edition,pg.no
330-352.
 Textbook of cosmetics by BM.MITHAL,2nd edition, pg no
40-50