10. "A person who never made a mistake never
tried anythingnew."
– Albert Einstein
"I think I can. I know I can." –
Jennifer Wittwer
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Overview of Practical Research
• Practical research refers to the building of knowledge useful to practice that
adheres to the basic principles of scientific inquiry, questions, valid measures
of behavior, systematic collection and analysis of. data, and appropriate
conclusions.
• A research project is an organized sequential process of defining the scope of
the project, determining the methods used to conduct the project, analyzing the
data collected, and reporting the results.
• Start by broadly introducing the topic, then provide general background
information, narrowing to specific background research, and finally a
focused research question, hypothesis, or thesis statement.
13.
14.
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Introduction
• Is where you set up your topic and approach for the reader.
It has several key goals: Present your topic and get the
reader interested. Provide background or summarize
existing research. Position your own approach.
• Establishes the context of the research being conducted by
summarizing current understanding and background
information about the topic, stating the purpose of the work
in the form of the hypothesis, question, or research
problem, briefly explaining your rationale, methodological
approach, highlighting the potential.
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How to write a research introduction?
-What should you include in an introduction for a research paper?
• An overview of the topic. Start with a general overview
of your topic. ...
• Prior research. Your introduction is the place to review
other conclusions on your topic. ...
• A rationale for your paper. ...
• Describe the methodology you used. ...
• A thesis statement. ...
• An outline.
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How to start an introduction?
• Keep it short.
• Say something unexpected.
• Don't repeat the title.
• Use the word “you” at least once.
• Tell readers what's coming next.
• Explain why the article is important.
• Refer to a concern or problem your
readers might have.
• Be careful telling stories.
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Types of research
• Qualitative methods are often used in the social sciences to collect,
compare and interpret information, has a linguistic-semiotic basis
• Experiments involve testing a theory in a lab environment, in a
controlled area or with willing study participants in different
environments. An experiment is a research method that incorporates
scientific procedures to test a hypothesis, discover new insights or
demonstrate.
• Descriptive research is to define the characteristics of a particular
phenomenon without necessarily investigating the causes. This type of
research involves describing and cataloging natural phenomena
without attempting to explain or understand them. It aims to provide a
comprehensive.
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• Qualitative methods are often used in the social
sciences to collect, compare and interpret
information, has a linguistic-semiotic basis.
• In other words, qualitative research is used when
you want to understand textual data, as opposed
to quantitative research, which aims to test a
hypothesis.
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There are eight main parts in a research paper
• Title (cover page)
• Introduction.
• Abstract
• Literature review.
• Research methodology.
• Data analysis.
• Results.
• Conclusion.
• Reference page.
26. 1. CHAPTER 1. the
problem and its
background
2. CHAPTER 2. Review
of Related Literature
3. CHAPTER 3.
Methods and Procedures
4. CHAPTER 4.
Presentation, analysis
and interpretation of data
5. CHAPTER 5.
Summary, conclusions
and recommendations
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A good research paper introduction includes:
• Thesis statement.
• Background context.
• Niche (research gap)
• Relevance (how it
fills that gap)
• Rationale and
motivation.
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The introduction must do five things:
• it provides background to the
situation;
• it identifies the problem;
• it argues that the problem
needs to be solved;
• it summarizes the solution;
• it establishes the writer's
credibility.
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Methodology as is…
• The research methodology
comprises basic components including
the design, sampling, tools, collection
procedures, analysis, and ethical
considerations.
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The methodology chapter should
include the following:
• research questions
and hypotheses,
• a project design,
• participants/materials,
• methods,
• a procedure.
• The logic of Inquiry
(Qualitative or Quantitative)
• Research Setting and
participants.
• Methods and Procedure of
Data Collection.
• Methods and Procedure of
Data Analysis.
• Ethical Issues.
43. FINAL OUTPUT OF RESEARCH TO BE SUBMITTED
Cover Page
Transmittal
Approval Sheet
Biographical Data
Table of Contents
Introduction
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Recommendation/Findings/
Conclussion
Literature Cited
Appendices
Acknowledgement
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"You cannot change
your future, but you can
change your habits, and
surely your habits will
change your future."–
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam