The document discusses the significance of a well-structured theoretical background in qualitative research, illustrating its role as a roadmap for the study by linking existing theories to research questions. It outlines key components of a theoretical framework, particularly emphasizing expectancy theory and equity theory, and their relevance to understanding student support service utilization. Additionally, it highlights the importance of related literature in providing context and supporting findings in research.

1. THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND
C E N D Z F L O R E S

2. Develop a well-structured theoretical background section for a
qualitative research paper
Explain the role and importance of the theoretical background in qualitative
research
1.
2.
3.
Identify the components of a theoretical framework, including theories, a
review of related literature, and related studies
BY THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
OBJECTIVES

3. LET'S GET
STARTED!
INTRODUCTION TO
THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND

4. Theoretical background is an essential component of
research that sets the foundation for the study by
providing a clear and logical explanation of the
existing theories and knowledge in the field. The
theoretical background or framework serves as a
roadmap for developing the arguments that the
researcher will use in their work.
THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND

5. PURPOSE
THE THEOR ETICAL FR AMEWOR K
EXP LAINS THE EXIS TING THEOR IES
THAT S UP P ORT THE R ES EAR CH AND
HOW THEY ARE RELEVANT TO THE
R ES EAR CH QUES TIONS .
BY US ING A THEOR ETICAL
FR AMEWOR K, THE R ES EAR CHER CAN
S HOW THAT THE R ES EAR CH IS
BUILDING UP ON EXIS TING
KNOWLEDGE AND CONTRIBUTING TO
THE FIELD.

6. COMPONENTS OF A THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
Theories Related
Literature
Related
Studies

7. The term theory is often used in scientific research to refer to a
well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world
that is based on empirical evidence and has been repeatedly tested
and confirmed through experimentation and observation.
H E O R Y
T

8. Theories provide a framework for
understanding how and why a
phenomenon occurs, and allow
researchers to identify the
underlying relationships between
variables.
THEORIES

9. ROLE OF
THEORIES
- P rovide a guide or
f ra me work f or the study.
The ore tical f ra me works ca n
se rve a s a roa dma p f or
qua lita tive re se a rch,
he lpin g re se a rchers to
structure the ir approach
a n d ide n tif y ke y con ce pts
a n d re la tion ships be twe e n
the m

10. Shapes
research
design and
methods
ROLE OF
THEORIES

11. "Lived Experiences of Students in the Delivery
of Student Support Services"
This study is anchored on the Expectancy Theory, which is a psychological
theory of motivation that suggests that people make decisions based on their
belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a specific level of performance
and that this performance will result in particular outcomes. The theory was first
introduced by Victor Vroom in 1964 and has since become one of the most
widely studied and applied theories of motivation in organizational behavior and
human resource management.
The theory consists of three key components: expectancy, instrumentality, and
valence. Expectancy refers to an individual's belief that a certain level of effort will
result in a certain level of performance. Instrumentality refers to an individual's
belief that a particular level of performance will lead to specific outcomes. Valence
refers to the value individual places on the outcomes that will result from their
performance.

12. Give the Relevance of the Theory to the Study
Moreover, the expectancy theory is an effective method
for analyzing and enhancing students' desire to use
support services. Applying this theory to student support
services can help universities and colleges better
understand the factors that influence students' decisions
to use these resources and create programs that
effectively encourage students to do so.

13. Sub-Theory
An additional theory employed in this study is the Equity Theory which is a social
exchange theory that explains how individuals in an organization perceive the
fairness of their relationships with others. It was first introduced by John Stacy
Adams in 1965 and has since become an important framework for understanding
organizational behavior. The theory suggests that individuals make comparisons
between the outcomes they receive for their 10 inputs and the outcomes received by
others, and adjust their behavior in response to perceived inequities.
According to equity theory, individuals in an organization have an internal sense of
justice and fairness, and they strive to achieve a balance between the inputs they put
into a relationship and the outcomes they receive. When individuals perceive a
discrepancy between their inputs and outcomes, they experience a state of inequity,
which can have negative effects on their motivation, job satisfaction, and overall well-
being.

14. Give the Relevance of the Theory to the Study
In terms of its application in education, equity theory has been
used to understand students' perceptions of fairness and
satisfaction with support services, including academic advising,
counseling, and tutoring. For example, a study by Alsop (2020),
investigated the impact of academic advising on student
satisfaction and found that students who perceived the advising
process to be fair and equitable were more satisfied with their
educational experience.

15. RELATED
LITERATURE &
STUDIES
Re late d lite rature an d
studie s provide
con te xtua l in f ormation
a n d a ddition a l e vide n ce
to support re se a rch
f in din gs.

16. Related Literature
Related literature is an essential component of research that
provides a comprehensive understanding of the topic or
problem under investigation.

17. List of Constructs & Variables
which are relevant in the study
Service
Quality Service
Student Support Services
Registrar
Library
Guidance Office
Clinic
Student Affairs Office
Note: Group these variables into independent and dependent
categories

18. Search for relevant
literature
Identify themes, debates,
and gaps
Evaluate sources
To write related
literature,
researchers
should follow
these steps

19. Review of
Related
Literature
Present an introductory
sentence for proper
transition.
The following review of related literature
aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of previous research and
findings in the field, offering a valuable
context for the current study.

20. Related Study
In his study, Jayasundara (2008) points out that users’ perception
and expectation research has been one of the most prominent
types of research in recent years. Findings revealed that users will
feel confident in the library personnel if they believe they are skilled,
and confidence that issues would be readily remedied, resulting in
higher levels of satisfaction with the service. The library also offers a
variety of additional services to the students.
Note: Focus on the findings.

21. THANK YOU