This document provides guidance on key elements of a research proposal, including an abstract, introduction, problem statement, research questions and objectives, theoretical framework, methodology, and significance. It discusses how to write each section, such as including the problem, purpose, methodology, and results in the abstract. For the introduction, it recommends a deficiencies model that states the problem, reviews previous studies and their deficiencies, and advances the study's significance. It also provides examples of writing research questions, objectives, and discussing the theoretical framework, methodology, and delimitations of the study.
A genre based analysis on the discussion section of ph d research manuscript ...Tutors India
During the course of writing your undergraduate dissertation, there will be a time when you have to take up the task of writing a literature review. For those who are unaware, a literature review is deemed as an integral part of academic writing which would be instrumental in signifying understanding and knowledge about academic literature regarding a particular topic [1]. However, the important aspect that academic researchers need to know is that literature review is not just about writing, on the contrary, it would consist of critically assessing the literature [2]. That’s the main reason why it is known as a literature review. Otherwise, it could have very well been termed as a literature report.
For #Enquiry
https://www.tutorsindia.com
info@tutorsindia.com
(Whatsapp): +91-8754446690
(UK): +44-1143520021
A genre based analysis on the discussion section of ph d research manuscript ...Tutors India
During the course of writing your undergraduate dissertation, there will be a time when you have to take up the task of writing a literature review. For those who are unaware, a literature review is deemed as an integral part of academic writing which would be instrumental in signifying understanding and knowledge about academic literature regarding a particular topic [1]. However, the important aspect that academic researchers need to know is that literature review is not just about writing, on the contrary, it would consist of critically assessing the literature [2]. That’s the main reason why it is known as a literature review. Otherwise, it could have very well been termed as a literature report.
For #Enquiry
https://www.tutorsindia.com
info@tutorsindia.com
(Whatsapp): +91-8754446690
(UK): +44-1143520021
A research paper writing is a problem for every newcomer in the research field. This slide deck explains research writing in simple words and examples.
How to write a scientific paper - PowerPoint to support the associated workbook handout. Workshop held as part of the USAID AIP Pakistan project. Workshop delivered by Tom Rost and Mark Bell.
Scientific Writing - Dr. P. Saranraj, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
A research paper writing is a problem for every newcomer in the research field. This slide deck explains research writing in simple words and examples.
How to write a scientific paper - PowerPoint to support the associated workbook handout. Workshop held as part of the USAID AIP Pakistan project. Workshop delivered by Tom Rost and Mark Bell.
Scientific Writing - Dr. P. Saranraj, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
2 pages APA 7th edition due DescriptionChapter1 drafting an effe.docxRAJU852744
2 pages APA 7th edition due
Description
Chapter1 drafting an effective Purpose Statement-Please use the last paper as a framework for this research as a guide for all the chapters.Look at the teacher’s notes which are important feedback as guidance
Assignment-Create a draft for only chapter1 Analysis and Synthesis
Once you have added extra evidence of support, you must utilize your higher order thinking and writing skills. It is not enough to provide an annotated bibliography of what multiple studies have found. In addition, you have to be careful that you are not just summarizing a study that you have read. You must identify the themes that run through multiple studies as a main idea for your writing and then use multiple references to support those themes … or even conflict the themes. One writing strategy to help you focus on the synthesis is to avoid writing sentences that start with “One study demonstrates…” or “Jones and Smith determined …” If you keep the subjects of your sentences as the content that you are discussing, you will be able to show multiple points of evidence by including two or more citations for the theme.
Impactful Research
It is critical that a scholar contributes to the body of knowledge within his/her field that will be impactful to society as a whole. This is evidenced within the dissertation by the Significance section in Chapter 1. In this week, we want you to add to your existing draft of the dissertation by summarizing why your study is significant to your research field or the applied practice. Remember to use citations that demonstrate why this is significant by demonstrating the impact of the possible results.
Information to include for chapter 1
· Section 1
o Narrowing Your Topic
o Writing an Effective Purpose Statement
o Problem Statement, Purpose Statement, and Applied Doctoral Project or Dissertation-in-Practice Question Help
o Alignment of Problem, Purpose, and Questions
o Significance of the Project
o Avoiding Common Mistakes
o Conceptual Framework
Writing an Effective Purpose Statement
An important step in the successful completion of an Applied Doctoral Project/Dissertation in Practice is starting off with an accurate and precise purpose statement.
This document will provide some general ideas or guidelines related to effective purpose statements. Included will be guidance on how to compose them. Finally, you will find some sample purpose statements below so that you can see what your effective purpose statement can look like. All this information comes from faculty who want you to succeed in the process.
General Guidelines
Keep these in mind WHEN to compose THE purpose statement
Good purpose statements:
· Flow from the problem statement and actually address the proposed problem
· Are concise and clear
· Answer the question ‘Why are you doing this project?’
· Match the methodology to your questions
· Hav.
How to write a Research Paper1. Discussion (How to write a Resea.docxpooleavelina
How to write a Research Paper
1. Discussion (How to write a Research Paper) begins during Residency 10/12 – 10/14
2. Research Paper + Assignment Paper #2 Due 10/21/2018
Research papers are intended to demonstrate a student’s academic knowledge of a subject. When studying at higher levels of school and throughout college, you will likely be asked to prepare research papers. A research paper can be used for exploring and identifying scientific, technical and social issues. If it's your first time writing a research paper, it may seem daunting, but with good organization and focus of mind, you can make the process easier on yourself. Writing a research paper involves four main stages: choosing a topic, researching your topic, making an outline, and doing the actual writing. The paper won't write itself, but by planning and preparing well, the writing practically falls into place. Also, try to avoid plagiarism.
· Abstract - An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose.
· Background of the Problem - Background information identifies and describes the history and nature of a well-defined research problem with reference to the existing literature. The background information should indicate the root of the problem being studied, appropriate context of the problem in relation to theory, research, and/or practice, its scope, and the extent to which previous studies have successfully investigated the problem, noting, in particular, where gaps exist that your study attempts to address.
· Problem Statement - A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issue(s) that need(s) to be addressed by a problem-solving team. It is used to center and focus the team at the beginning, keep the team on track during the effort, and is used to validate that the effort delivered an outcome that solves the problem statement
· Purpose Statement - A purpose statement is a declarative sentence which summarizes the specific topic and goals of a document. It is typically included in the introduction to give the reader an accurate, concrete understanding what the document will cover and what he/she can gain from reading it. To be effective, a statement of purpose should be:
· Nature of the Study - In modern science, all findings are usually required by the research community to be backed up by sound statistical evidence. The target audience... The nature of a study in social sciences research may refer to the statistical design of the study
· Research Question - A research question is the fundamental core of a research project, study, or review of literature. It focuses the study, determines the methodology, and guides all stages of inquiry, analysis, and reporting
· Interview Questions
· Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations –
· Limitations are influences that the researcher cannot con ...
14
Table of Contents
Introduction1
Statement of the Problem1
Purpose of the Study2
Research Questions3
Hypotheses4
Definition of Key Terms5
Theoretical Framework6
Brief Review of the Literature7
Theme/Sub-Topic 18
Summary8
Research Method8
Operational Definition of Variables10
Measurement11
Summary12
References13
Appendix A14
Introduction
[Text… Introduce the dissertation topic in one or more paragraphs (2 pages maximum). The study topic should be briefly described to establish the main ideas and context. Include recent, scholarly, peer-reviewed sources to support each assertion. The Introduction should orient the reader to all of the concepts presented in the sections that follow. Key words related to the research topic should be defined clearly and precisely upon first use and used consistently throughout the paper. This will help to establish and maintain the central focus of the paper.
Review the Doctoral Candidacy Resource Guide for more information about Ph.D. (Research) degree expectations with regard to the study topic, theoretical foundations and design requirements.
Note: Do not describe the study purpose or method in the introduction as these belong in later sections.Statement of the Problem
(Approximately 250 to 300 words) Articulation of a concise problem statement is the key to a successful proposal/dissertation manuscript and typically requires many revisions before the proposal is approved. The problem statement is a brief discussion of a problem or observation succinctly identifying and documenting the need for and importance of the study. Clearly describe and document the problem that prompted the study. Include appropriate published or relevant primary sources to document the existence of a problem worthy of Ph.D. doctoral level research. A lack of research alone is not a compelling problem (many things are not studied but do not necessarily warrant research). Please consider: what perspective is represented? For example, is the problem an individual level problem, an organizational problem, an industry problem, or a social problem? What is not known that should be known and what are the potential negative consequences to the field of study if the proposed research is never conducted? These questions can help to identify the problem that needs to be addressed and the theories relevant to predict, explain and understand the problem.
[Text… Present a general issue/observation that is grounded in the research literature and leads to the need for the study (in most cases scholarly citations within the last 5 years are required to document the general and specific problem). Follow with a focused, documented problem that directly reflects and leads to the need for a research response. Ph.D. dissertation-worthy problems must be relevant and documented beyond any particular study site and have clear theoretical implications in order to make a realistic, but substantive contribution to the field of study.]
Note: Ensu.
Pubrica’s team of researchers and authors develop Scientific and medical research papers that can act as an indispensable tools to the practitioner/authors. Pubrica medical writers help you to write and edit the introduction by introducing the reader to the shortcomings or empty spaces in the identified research field. Our experts know the structure that follows the broad topic, the problem, and the background and advance to a narrow topic to state the hypothesis.
To Know More About them
https://pubrica.com/academy/original-research-article/what-is-the-difference-between-a-research-paper-and-a-review-paper/
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
New research article format for your next assignment
1. RESEARCH ARTICLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ………………………………………………………..
Key Terms………………………………………………………
Introduction……………………………………………………..
Problem Statement…………….. …………………………………..
Research Questions……………… ………………………………..
Research Objectives...…………….. ……………………………..
Significance of the Study…………………………………………...
Literature Review………………………………………………….
Critical Framework and Methodology …………………………….
1. Approach to Inquiry /Research Design [(i.e. Qualitative/ Quantitative or Mixed
Method Research), including an account of specific method to be employed within
the framework of a research design]
2. Theoretical Framework…………………………………………..
3. Procedural detail for conducting the study (A detailed account of the way
whereby data has been collected and thereby analyzed)
Data Analysis
Delimitations of the study ………………………………………………………..
References
2. Abstract
Writing An Abstract for a Research Project
Salient Features of an Abstract:
i. The problem being addressed
ii. The central purpose/focus of study
iii. Information about theoretical perspective, research design, sampling technique,
instrumentation, and procedural detail pertaining to data collection and data analysis
iv. The key results
v. Possible implication of research in future as connected with the findings
Writing an Abstract (APA)
1. The title of an abstract should be centered at the top of the page.
2. There is no extra space between the title and the paragraph.
3. Do not format the title of abstract with bold, italic, underlining, or quotation marks.
4. Avoid capitalizing all letters of the abstract’s title.
5. Do not indent the first line of the abstract’s paragraph.
6. An abstract’s length should be a minimum of 150 words, and a maximum of 250
words.
7. The abstract should be confined within a single paragraph.
8. Like the rest of the document, the abstract should be double spaced, and use Times
New Roman 12pt.
9. Define any abbreviations or acronyms that appear in your project in the abstract’s
paragraph.
10. Depending on your professor’s directives, you may choose to include a short list of
keywords to enable researches and databases to locate your work more effectively.
11. “Key words” as the heading should be italicized and indented.
12. Do not place period at the end of a list of keywords.
13. The margins around abstracts are set at “1” on all sides.
Keywords in a Research Proposal
Listing the keywords help researchers find their work in databases. Keywords are words or
phrases that capture the most important aspects of a research project. The keywords line
should begin indented like a paragraph. (In typeset APA journal articles, the keywords line is
aligned under the abstract.) The term “Keywords” should be italicized, followed by a space.
The words themselves, mentioned under keywords, should not be italicized.
Introduction
The deficiencies model of an introduction
The deficiencies model of an introduction is an approach to writing an introduction to a
research study that builds on gaps existing in the literature. It includes the elements of stating
the research problem, reviewing past studies about the problem, indicating deficiencies in
these studies, and advancing the significance of the study. It is a general template for writing
a good introduction. It is a popular approach used in the social sciences, and once its structure
is elucidated, the reader will find it appearing repeatedly in many published research studies
3. (not always in the order presented here). It consists of five parts, and a separate paragraph can
be devoted to each part, for an introduction of about two pages in length:
1. State the research problem.
2. Review studies that have addressed the problem.
3. Indicate deficiencies in the studies.
4. Advance the significance of the study for particular audiences.
5. State the purpose of your study .
The Problem Statement
A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issue(s) that need(s) to be addressed
by a researcher. The problem statement revolves around 5 ‘W’s
Who - Who does the problem affect?
What - What are the boundaries of the problem?
When - When does the issue occur? - When does it need to be fixed?
Where - Where is the issue occurring?
Why - Why is it important that we fix the problem?
The Purpose Statement
According to Locke, Spirduso, and Silverman (2013), the purpose statement indicates why a
researcher wants to conduct a study and what does he/she intends to accomplish. This
passage is called the purpose statement because it conveys the overall intent of a proposed
study in a sentence or several sentences. The purpose statement sets the objectives, the intent,
or the major idea of a proposal or a study. This idea builds on a need (the problem) and is
refined into specific questions (the research questions).
Designfeatures for writing a Qualitative Purpose Statement
• Use words such as purpose, intent, or objective to signal attention to this statement as the
central controlling idea.
• Focus on a single phenomenon (or concept or idea). Narrow the study to one idea to be
explored or understood. This focus means that a purpose does not convey relating two or
more variables or comparing two or more groups, as is typically found in quantitative
research. Instead, advance a single phenomenon, recognizing that the study may evolve into
an exploration of relationships or comparisons among ideas. None of these related
explorations could be anticipated at the beginning.
• Use action verbs to convey how learning will take place. Action verbs and phrases, such as,
understand, develop, explore, examine the meaning of, or discover, keep the inquiry open and
convey an emerging design.
• Use neutral words and phrases—nondirectional language—such as, exploring the “self-
expression experiences of individuals” rather than the “successful self-expression of
individuals.”
4. • Provide a general working definition of the central phenomenon or idea, especially if the
phenomenon is a term that is not typically understood by a broad audience.
• Include words denoting the strategy of inquiry to be used in data collection, analysis, and
the process of research, such as whether the study will use an ethnographic, grounded theory,
case study, phenomenological, narrative approach, or some other strategy.
• Mention the participants in the study, such as one or more individuals, a group of people, or
an entire organization.
• Identify the site for the research, such as homes, classrooms, organizations, programs, or
events. Describe this site in enough detail so that the reader knows exactly where a study will
take place.
• As a final thought in the purpose statement, include some language that delimits the scope
of participation or research sites in the study.
ResearchObjectives
The objectives of the study should be clearly stated and specific in nature. Each sub-
objective should delineate only one issue. Use action-oriented verbs such as ‘to
determine’, ‘to find out’ and ‘to ascertain’ in formulating sub-objectives, which
should be numerically listed. If the objective is to test a hypothesis, you must follow
the convention of hypothesis formulation with specific reference to the wording as
used in the type of methodology selected by you. More detailed objectives, if need be,
can be developed after a study is complete.
According to some researchers, objectives must be set after having formulated good
research questions so as to develop coherence between research questions and
objectives. Objectives are usually headed by infinitive verbs such as:
To identify
To establish
To describe
To determine
To estimate
To develop
To compare
To analyze
To collect
Example
Main objective:
To examine the relationship between academic achievement and social environment.
Sub-objectives:
1. To find out the relationship, if any, between self-esteem and a student’s academic
achievement at school.
2. To ascertain the association between parental involvement in a student’s studies and
his/her academic achievement at school.
3. To examine the links between a student’s peer group and academic achievement.
5. 4. To explore the relationship between academic achievement and the attitude of students
towards teachers
ResearchQuestions
a. Qualitative Research Questions
In a qualitative study, inquirers generally state research questions, not hypotheses
(i.e., predictions that involve variables and statistical tests). These research questions
assume two forms: (a) a central question and (b) associated sub-questions.
The central question is a broad question that asks for an exploration of the central
phenomenon or concept in a study. There can be one or two central questions in a
qualitative research.
Sub questions are the questions that follow each general central question; they narrow
the focus of the study but leave open the questioning.
According to Creswell (2014), as qualitative research is exploratory in its essence, one
may use exploratory verbs that convey the language of emerging design in a
qualitative research. Mentioned below are some of the examples in this regard:
Report (or reflect) the stories (e.g., narrative research)
Describe the essence of the experience (e.g., phenomenology)
Discover (e.g., grounded theory)
Seek to understand (e.g., ethnography)
Explore a process (e.g., case study)
Note: (One can also go for WH questions in all kinds of research designs (Qualitative/
Quantitative/Mixed))
Some Important Themes:
How to Write Significance ofthe Study?
The Significance of the Study describes what contribution your study will make to the
broad literature or set of broad educational problems upon completion.
As you draft your significance of the study, consider the following:
Broadly, a component of the significance of the study is to illustrate the contribution
that your study will make to the existing literature on the problem or broad problem
areas of education.
Generally, a component of the significance of the study is to elucidate exactly how
you will extend the current literature.
Specifically, a component of the significance of the study is to determine who
benefits from the study and how that specific audience will benefit from its findings.
What is TheoreticalFramework ofthe study?
A theoretical framework refers to the theory that a researcher chooses to guide him/her in
his/her research. Thus, a theoretical framework is the application of a theory, or a set of
concepts drawn from the selected theoretical perspective, to offer an explanation of an event,
or shed some light on a particular phenomenon or research problem.
6. Theoretical framework provides a theoretical foundation to your study. Guided by theoretical
framework, a researcher seeks to answer the questions raised by him/ her in his research.
While selecting any theory to substantiate the overall research, a researcher is primarily
required to examine/ keep in mind:
the title of study
the research questions
the research design
the variables of study
What are delimitations in Research?
Delimitations are those characteristics that limit the scope and define the boundaries
of your study. The delimitations are in your control. Delimiting factors include the
choice of research problem, objectives, the research questions, and variables of
interest, theoretical perspectives, and the population you choose to investigate.