Here are the corrections: - Limitations are constraints that are largely beyond the control of the researcher but could affect the study outcome. - Who” is a Wh-question that is used to ask information about the subject of the study, characteristics of the participants in the study. - Limitations do have potential weaknesses that might influence the end results and conclusions of the study. - Scope of the study should be defined at the preliminary stage of the research. - In writing the scope and delimitation, make sure to provide reasons for both the inclusion and exclusion of variables. - Scope and delimitation of the study are the two important elements in research that inform the readers what information should be included and

2. Scope of the Study
• Parameters under which the study will be operating
-- what the study covers -- and is closely connected
to the framing of the problem. (Simon & Goes
2013,)
• It describes where and when the study is conducted
and who the subjects are or the population
included, and it also deals with the extent of the
study to be made. In short, scope means all those
things that will be covered in your research project

3. Delimitation
• Specific choices made by the
researcher.
• Arising from what the researcher’s
wants to exclude.
Delimitations result from the specific
choices made by the researcher which
should be mentioned in the study like
the objectives and the questions,
variables of
interest, theoretical perspectives that
were adopted, the paradigm, the
theoretical
framework, and the population you
are not studying (and why not)

4. Limitations
• Shortcomings, conditions or influence that cannot be controlled by
the researcher but it could affect the end results of the study.
• Potential weakness that might influence the end results and
conclusions of the study.

5. Limitations
• Limitations are constraints that are largely beyond the control of the
researcher but could affect the study outcome (Simon & Goes 2013, 2).
It often flows from methodology and study design choices in which each
different option in methodology and design has particular limitations.

6. You may use the following phrases when writing
the scope and delimitation of
the study (Barrot 2017,36):

7. Limitations and Delimitation
This study covers…
• This study focuses on…
• The coverage of this study…
• This study consists of…
This study does not cover the…
This study is limited to…
The researcher limited this study to…

8. LIMITATIONS VS. DELIMITATIONS
Limitations Delimitations
Shortcomings, conditions or
influence or elements that cannot be
controlled by the researcher but it
could affect the end results of the
study
It is the boundaries that the
researcher has set for the study
arising from what the researcher’s
wants to exclude
the researcher has no control
the researcher has the control of
the limit
what you cannot do in your study what you will not do in your study
Key word: weakness Key word: boundary

9. Components in Developing the Scope and
Delimitation
• The scope and delimitation describe the parameters to which the
study is set (Barrot 2017, 36). It is the two important elements in
research that inform the readers what information should be included
and why it should be included in the study.
• The components of the scope and delimitation answer the basic
questions (Wh questions) includes (but not limited to) the following
items (Barrot 2017, 36; Faltado III et al, 21)

10. Components of the Scope and Delimitation of
the Study
Determinants of Banks Profitability and its Performance

11. • The main purpose of the study is to determine the
determinants of the profitability of banks in relation to bank
performance. The study will cover 21 universal and 22
commercial banks in the Philippines.
The study is limited to the annual bank-level data of the
Philippines universal and commercial banking sector for the
period of 2008-2018 or ten (10) years since it takes years to
determine if banks are profitable or not. The study will employ
secondary data (such as financial statements) and to gather
this data, it will be collected from the Bankscope database
maintained by Bureau van Dijk's company which contains
financials reports of banks across the globe. The study will be
conducted during the First Semester, School Year 2019-2020.

13. • What—The topic of investigation and the variables included
Example: banks profitability and its performance
• Where—The locale, venue or settings of the research
Example: Philippines
• When— The time frame in which the study will be
conducted
Example: First Semester, School Year 2019-2020
• Why— The general objectives of the study
Example: To determine the determinants of the profitability of
banks in relation to bank performance

14. • Who—The subject of the study, characteristics of the participants in the
study (age, sex, education, economic status, civil status, and other
traits), the population
Example: 21 Universal and 22 commercial banks in the Philippines
How—The methodology of the research which may include the research
design, data gathering technique, sampling procedures, and data analysis
scheme
Example: A secondary data (such as financial statements) that
will be gathered through a Bankscope database maintained by
Bureau van Dijk's company.

15. • Example 1:
• The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of
using cheese and purple sweet potato “ube halaya” in
making Pinoy pandesal. The study will be focused on the
nutritional value of cheese and purple sweet potato,
profitability, the shelf life of Pinoy pandesal, satisfaction
level, and its marketability. The respondents of this study will
involve 100 students and teachers of San Miguel National
High School that will be selected using random sampling. The
study will be limited to senior high school students and
teachers. This will be conducted during the Second Semester,
School Year 2018-2019.

16. • Example 2:
• This study aims to examine the impact of Facebook usage on
students’ academic performance. The study will be focused on the
students’ spending time on Facebook that affects their academic
performance.The respondents of the study will be limited to 100
senior high school students which will be selected through a random
sampling technique. To gather the data, each respondent will be given
a set of a structured survey questionnaire to answer. The study will be
conducted in San Miguel National High School in San Miguel, Bulacan
during the Third Quarter, School Year 2019-2020.

17. • Example 3:
• The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of using
Saba banana peels in producing bioplastic. The study will be
on focuses on biodegradability and the durability of
bioplastic. The study will be limited to use sized Saba bananas
with no injury or bruises on the skin to ensure the
experimental process was fair. The researcher will not be
using any parts of the banana or its plants except its peeling.
The study will be conducted during the First Semester, School
Year 2020-2021.

18. Directions: Match column A (example of an
answer for Wh-questions) with the correct
answer on column B (Wh-questions). Write only
the letter your answer on
the space provided before each number.

19. • Column A
1. School Year 2018-2019
2. Descriptive research design
3. Employment readiness of senior
high school graduates
4. San Miguel, Bulacan
5.To determine the extent of the
effects
of peer bullying on the academic
performance of senior high students
A. What
B. When
C. Where
D. How
E. Why
F. Who

20. • Statement
The study is limited to all working mothers with an age of 30 to 50
years old. This study consists of 100 ABM and STEM students.
The study covered all single fathers in San Miguel, Bulacan. This
study does not cover the entire population. The study aims to assess the
level of employment readiness of senior high school students which
covers 100 graduating students of Miguel National High School.

21. 1. Delimitations are the things that you are not doing as a researcher.
2. Scope of the study describes the coverage of the study.
3. What” is a Wh-question that is used to ask information about the
methodology of the research which may include the research design,
methodology, and research instrument.
4.Limitations are constraints that are largely beyond the control
of the researcher but could affect the study outcome.
5. Delimitations are the sub-variables of the study and their
characteristics, attributes, or indicators serve that are not
to be included in the research.

22. • “This study does not cover the…” is a phrase that can be used for
limitations
• School Year 2018-2019 is an example of time frame.
• When” is a Wh-question that is used to ask information about the
general objectives of the study.
• Scope and delimitation of the study are the two important
• elements in research that informs the readers what information
should be included and why it should be included in the study.

23. • .In writing the scope and delimitation, two paragraphs are enough.
• .Limitations are the things that you not do in your study.
• In writing the scope and delimitation, make sure that there are
reasons for the inclusion and exclusion of some variables.
• Who” is a Wh-question that is used to ask information about the
characteristics of the respondents.
• Scope of the study should be defined at a preliminary stage of the
research.
• .Limitations do not have weakness and it will not influence the end
results of the study.